模拟不同水分和种植密度条件下的作物产量对于制定合理的灌溉制度和种植模式进而保障中国水和粮食安全具有重要意义。AquaCrop-KR模型采用非线性方程拟合地上生物量和作物蒸腾间的关系,并利用水分生产函数模拟收获指数,从而提高了不同...模拟不同水分和种植密度条件下的作物产量对于制定合理的灌溉制度和种植模式进而保障中国水和粮食安全具有重要意义。AquaCrop-KR模型采用非线性方程拟合地上生物量和作物蒸腾间的关系,并利用水分生产函数模拟收获指数,从而提高了不同水分条件下的作物产量的模拟精度,但尚未涉及种植密度这一因子。该研究以西北旱区制种玉米为研究对象,于2013-2016年在甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站进行了田间试验,引入密度因子修正了AquaCrop-KR模型中的标准化水分生产力(Normalized Water Productivity,WP^(*))和收获指数(Harvest Index,HI)。校准结果表明HI与种植密度呈先增加后减小的抛物线关系,并且HI在营养生长期、开花期和生殖生长期的水分敏感指数均随种植密度的增加而增加;WP^(*)随累积标准化作物蒸腾的增加呈先增后减的单峰变化,并且WP^(*)的最大值随种植密度的增加而减小,与之相对应的累积标准化作物蒸腾随种植密度的增加而增大。验证结果表明,改进的AquaCrop-KR模型低估籽粒产量测量值5%,决定系数、相对均方根误差、平均相对误差、模型效率和一致性指数分别为0.87、0.079、0.057、0.750和0.942,表明该模型可以用来模拟制种玉米的籽粒产量。研究为模拟不同水分和种植密度下的作物产量提供了一种理论方法。展开更多
丁噻隆是一种作用广泛的除草剂。以甲胺、二硫化碳与水合联氨为原料,并以三乙胺为缚酸剂制备4-甲基氨基硫脲。4-甲基氨基硫脲可与过量的特戊酰氯直接反应制得中间体2-甲胺基-5-叔丁基-1,3,4-噻二唑。2-甲胺基-5-叔丁基-1,3,4-噻二唑与N...丁噻隆是一种作用广泛的除草剂。以甲胺、二硫化碳与水合联氨为原料,并以三乙胺为缚酸剂制备4-甲基氨基硫脲。4-甲基氨基硫脲可与过量的特戊酰氯直接反应制得中间体2-甲胺基-5-叔丁基-1,3,4-噻二唑。2-甲胺基-5-叔丁基-1,3,4-噻二唑与N-甲胺基甲酰氯反应并以三乙胺作为缚酸剂合成目标产物丁噻隆。将文献中的浓硫酸、多磷酸或三氯氧磷等脱水剂直接换为作为原料的特戊酰氯,生成的特戊酸可以回收利用,并且减少了含磷含酸废水的处理过程。该反应避开了剧毒品异氰酸甲酯与光气的使用。经优化后反应的收率为91%。产物及中间体经1 H NMR和IR表征并分析确认。展开更多
Field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015 in an arid region of Northwest China to investigate the effects of planting density on plant growth, yield, and water use efficiency（WUE） of maize for seed producti...Field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015 in an arid region of Northwest China to investigate the effects of planting density on plant growth, yield, and water use efficiency（WUE） of maize for seed production. Five planting densities of 6.75, 8.25, 9.75, 11.25 and 12.75 plants/m^2 were conducted in 2012, and a planting density of 14.25 plants/m^2 was added from 2013 to 2015. Through comparison with the Aqua Crop yield model, a modified model was developed to estimate the biomass accumulation and yield under different planting densities using adjustment coefficient for normalized biomass water productivity and harvest index. It was found that the modified yield model had a better performance and could generate results with higher determination coefficient and lower error. The results indicated that higher planting density increased the leaf area index and biomass accumulation, but decreased the biomass accumulation per plant. The total yield increased rapidly as planting density increased to 11.25 plants/m^2, but only a slight increase was observed when the density was greater than 11.25 plants/m^2. The WUE also reached the maximum when planting density was 11.25 plants/m^2, which was the recommended planting density of maize for seed production in Northwest China.展开更多
文摘模拟不同水分和种植密度条件下的作物产量对于制定合理的灌溉制度和种植模式进而保障中国水和粮食安全具有重要意义。AquaCrop-KR模型采用非线性方程拟合地上生物量和作物蒸腾间的关系,并利用水分生产函数模拟收获指数,从而提高了不同水分条件下的作物产量的模拟精度,但尚未涉及种植密度这一因子。该研究以西北旱区制种玉米为研究对象,于2013-2016年在甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站进行了田间试验,引入密度因子修正了AquaCrop-KR模型中的标准化水分生产力(Normalized Water Productivity,WP^(*))和收获指数(Harvest Index,HI)。校准结果表明HI与种植密度呈先增加后减小的抛物线关系,并且HI在营养生长期、开花期和生殖生长期的水分敏感指数均随种植密度的增加而增加;WP^(*)随累积标准化作物蒸腾的增加呈先增后减的单峰变化,并且WP^(*)的最大值随种植密度的增加而减小,与之相对应的累积标准化作物蒸腾随种植密度的增加而增大。验证结果表明,改进的AquaCrop-KR模型低估籽粒产量测量值5%,决定系数、相对均方根误差、平均相对误差、模型效率和一致性指数分别为0.87、0.079、0.057、0.750和0.942,表明该模型可以用来模拟制种玉米的籽粒产量。研究为模拟不同水分和种植密度下的作物产量提供了一种理论方法。
文摘丁噻隆是一种作用广泛的除草剂。以甲胺、二硫化碳与水合联氨为原料,并以三乙胺为缚酸剂制备4-甲基氨基硫脲。4-甲基氨基硫脲可与过量的特戊酰氯直接反应制得中间体2-甲胺基-5-叔丁基-1,3,4-噻二唑。2-甲胺基-5-叔丁基-1,3,4-噻二唑与N-甲胺基甲酰氯反应并以三乙胺作为缚酸剂合成目标产物丁噻隆。将文献中的浓硫酸、多磷酸或三氯氧磷等脱水剂直接换为作为原料的特戊酰氯,生成的特戊酸可以回收利用,并且减少了含磷含酸废水的处理过程。该反应避开了剧毒品异氰酸甲酯与光气的使用。经优化后反应的收率为91%。产物及中间体经1 H NMR和IR表征并分析确认。
基金the research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51379208, 91425302, 51621061)the Government Public Research Funds for Projects of the Ministry of Agriculture (201503125)the Discipline Innovative Engineering Plan (111 Program, B14002)
文摘Field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015 in an arid region of Northwest China to investigate the effects of planting density on plant growth, yield, and water use efficiency（WUE） of maize for seed production. Five planting densities of 6.75, 8.25, 9.75, 11.25 and 12.75 plants/m^2 were conducted in 2012, and a planting density of 14.25 plants/m^2 was added from 2013 to 2015. Through comparison with the Aqua Crop yield model, a modified model was developed to estimate the biomass accumulation and yield under different planting densities using adjustment coefficient for normalized biomass water productivity and harvest index. It was found that the modified yield model had a better performance and could generate results with higher determination coefficient and lower error. The results indicated that higher planting density increased the leaf area index and biomass accumulation, but decreased the biomass accumulation per plant. The total yield increased rapidly as planting density increased to 11.25 plants/m^2, but only a slight increase was observed when the density was greater than 11.25 plants/m^2. The WUE also reached the maximum when planting density was 11.25 plants/m^2, which was the recommended planting density of maize for seed production in Northwest China.
