支撑砾岩的成因类型及其沉积特征

以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷砾岩为重点,研究支撑砾岩的成因类型及其沉积特征。通过对相关术语的比较分析、现代沉积考察和岩心描述,研究了支撑砾岩的这一概念的初始内涵与其他相似概念的异同,分析发育支撑砾石的现代沉积环境,描述了准噶尔盆地玛湖砾岩油田钻井岩心揭示的不同沉积环境中形成的支撑砾岩的沉积学特征。认为支撑砾岩与颗粒支撑砾岩、开放结构砾岩具有相似的结构但也存在一定的差异,倡议使用'支撑砾岩'这一术语,但需要重新认识支撑砾岩的形成机理。通过对新疆白杨河冲积扇、黄羊泉冲积扇、乌伦古湖等地区的现代沉积考察,发现支撑砾石并非仅仅由洪水形成,也可以发育在山间河流、山麓塌积扇、冲积扇砾质河床、冲积扇表面戈壁滩、砾质湖滩、砾质三角洲前缘、泥石流和水下颗粒流等沉积环境中。支撑砾石被埋藏后有可能形成支撑砾岩。在新疆准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷三叠系和二叠系钻井岩心中,识别出砾质河床沉积支撑砾岩、风对干河床沉积改造形成的支撑砾岩、砾质滩坝沉积的支撑砾岩、三角洲前缘受波浪改造形成的支撑砾岩、河口坝沉积的支撑砾岩、颗粒流沉积的支撑砾岩和泥石流沉积的支撑砾岩等7种不同成因的支撑砾岩。研究认为支撑砾石结构既可能是一次沉积形成的,也可能经过多次沉积甚至经成岩改造形成。通过水槽实验、数值解析、经验模型和现代沉积调查,可以重建砾质河床的渗滤过程,预测支撑砾石的孔隙结构特征。对新疆玛湖油田三叠系百口泉组各类储集层物性统计发现,细砾岩和小中砾岩具有较高的孔隙度和渗透率,粗砾岩和大中砾岩的渗透率较低,说明支撑砾石结构容易遭受沉积后渗滤和成岩作用改造,导致孔隙度和渗透率变小。

Study on dynamic response of high speed train window glass under tunnel aerodynamic effects

Purpose-This paper aims to analyze the bearing characteristics of the high speed train window glass under aerodynamic load effects.Design/methodology/approach-In order to obtain the dynamic strain response of passenger compartment window glass during high-speed train crossing the tunnel,taking the passenger compartment window glass of the CRH3 high speed train onWuhan-Guangzhou High Speed Railway as the research object,this study tests the strain dynamic response and maximum principal stress of the high speed train passing through the tunnel entrance and exit,the tunnel and tunnel groups as well as trains meeting in the tunnel at an average speed of 300 km$h-1.Findings-The results show that while crossing the tunnel,the passenger compartment window glass of high speed train is subjected to the alternating action of positive and negative air pressures,which shows the typical mechanic characteristics of the alternating fatigue stress of positive-negative transient strain.The maximum principal stress of passenger compartment window glass for high speed train caused by tunnel aerodynamic effects does not exceed 5 MPa,and the maximum value occurs at the corresponding time of crossing the tunnel groups.The high speed train window glass bears medium and low strain rates under the action of tunnel aerodynamic effects,while the maximum strain rate occurs at the meeting moment when the window glass meets the train head approaching from the opposite side in the tunnel.The shear modulus of laminated glass PVB film that makes up high speed train window glass is sensitive to the temperature and action time.The dynamically equivalent thickness and stiffness of the laminated glass and the dynamic bearing capacity of the window glass decrease with the increase of the action time under tunnel aerodynamic pressure.Thus,the influence of the loading action time and fatigue under tunnel aerodynamic effects on the glass strength should be considered in the design for the bearing performance of high speed train window glass.Originality/value-The research results provide data support for the analysis of mechanical characteristics,damage mechanism,strength design and structural optimization of high speed train glass.

准噶尔盆地南缘阿尔钦沟剖面八道湾组河道砂体构型

为了研究准噶尔盆地南缘阿尔钦沟剖面八道湾组辫状河道砂体沉积特征和构型划分,以沉积学与储集层构型的相关理论为指导,在野外露头进行观察与实测。该剖面八道湾组砂体主要发育11种岩石相,划分出6级层级界面,识别出4种构型要素类型,并建立了此露头储集层构型发育模式以及分布样式。研究发现,此剖面八道湾组砂体为2期辫状河道沉积叠置,砂体内部3级—6级层级界面不同程度地降低了储集层砂体的连通性,并加大了储集层的非均质性。加强露头研究,运用构型的方法解剖储集层,可以更好地分析储集层内部非均质性。

准噶尔盆地南缘托斯台沟剖面三工河组河道砂体建筑结构

辫状河砂体是重要的油气储集层,研究其内部结构特征对油气勘探具有重要的指导作用。通过准噶尔盆地南缘托斯台沟辫状河露头实测、岩石相分析以及建筑结构要素精细解剖,总结出6种岩石相,划分出5级层级界面,识别出稳定水流河道、高流态河道、砂坝、废弃河道充填和泛滥平原5种4级建筑结构单元,分别以St-Spx-Sp-Sr,St-St-St,St-Spx-St-Sr,St-Sr-Fl和Sr-Fl-M岩石相组合为特征,并根据各级结构单元和层级界面特征,识别出泛滥平原泥、河道间泥、砂坝内部泥和交错层理层面泥4类泥质夹层。研究表明,目的层段为典型的砂质辫状河沉积,表现为下粗上细、水体能量逐渐减弱的多期、多旋回特征;辫状河砂体中,槽状交错层理砂岩相和板状交错层理砂岩相最为稳定,是构成优势储集单元的基本要素,其中高流态河道和砂坝是有利的储集结构单元,这两类结构单元形成的河道砂体厚度大、侧向连续性好、非均质性较弱,利于油气聚集成藏,是辫状河最为有利的储集层段。

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷夏子街扇区三叠系百口泉组绿帘石分布特征及成因

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷夏子街扇区三叠系百口泉组重矿物中绿帘石占绝对优势,且含量变化大。为了解研究区绿帘石的分布特征及其成因,利用重矿物、能谱及扫描电镜等资料,借助聚类分析和相关性分析等多元统计方法,对绿帘石的分布特征及成因进行了系统的研究。结果表明:(1)根据绿帘石含量可将研究区划分为绿帘石高值区、中值区和低值区;(2)绿帘石高值区位于扇三角洲前缘亚相,中值区和低值区主要位于扇三角洲平原亚相,且低值区比中值区更靠近物源;(3)绿帘石高值区不仅有岩浆绿帘石,自生绿帘石也普遍发育,因此绿帘石含量高;中值区绿帘石主要为岩浆绿帘石;低值区地层遭受了抬升剥蚀,溶蚀淋滤作用对搬运沉积的绿帘石破坏强烈,故显示低值。

Current Situation and Reasonable Construction of Consumption Value of Rural Residents in Kongpo

On the basis of analyzing the consumption status of rural residents in Kongpo,it can be seen that the concept of consumption value of rural residents in Kongpo tends to be cautious in daily consumption. There also exist premature consumption and excessive consumption that are centralized,seasonal and religious. This paper aims to put forward countermeasures and suggestions for guiding the rural residents in Kongpo to develop a scientific concept of consumption value in the light of the factors that restrict the formation of scientific consumption value among rural residents.

Origin and depositional characteristics of supported conglomerates

The origin and depositional characteristics of supported conglomerates in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China, are examined. Based on the terminological comparison, modern sedimentary survey and core description, the initial connotation and similarities and differences in definition between supported conglomerates and other similar concepts are discussed, the modern sedimentary environment in which supported conglomerates develop is analyzed, and the sedimentological characteristics of supported conglomerates formed in different depositional environments revealed by the cores of Mahu conglomerate oil field in the Junggar Basin are described. The supported conglomerate is similar in texture to grain supported conglomerate and openwork conglomerate but has differences from them, so it is suggested to keep the term "supported conglomerate", but the formation mechanism of supported conglomerate needs to be re-examined. Through field survey of modern sediments in Baiyanghe alluvial fan, Huangyangquan alluvial fan, and Wulungu Lake in Xinjiang, it is found that supported gravels not only formed by flooding events but also by sieving, avalanching, fluvial sorting as well as wind and wave reworking in the depositional environments such as inter-mountain creek, colluvium fan, gravel channel on gobi and the fan surface, lake beach, delta front, subaerial debris flow and subwater grain-flow etc. Supported gravels could form supported conglomerate after being buried. Supported conglomerates of seven different origins have been recognized in the cores of the Triassic and Permian stratum of Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin, namely, supported conglomerates in gravel channel deposits, in wind reworked channel deposits, in gravel beach bar deposits, in wave reworked delta front deposits, in mouth bar deposits and in debris flow deposits respectively. The study shows the supported conglomerates may be formed by a single depositional event or by multi-events during the post-depositional sedimentary reworking and even in diagenesis stage. Through flume experiment, numerical simulation, empirical model and modern sediment survey, infiltration process of gravelly channel can be reconstructed and the primary pore structure of supported gravel can be estimated. Statistics on physical properties of various types of reservoirs in Triassic Baikouquan Formation of Mahu oilfield show that granule conglomerate and pebbly conglomerate have higher porosity and permeability, while the cobble and coarse pebble conglomerate have lower permeability, which indicates that the supported gravels are easy to be reworked by post depositional filtration and diagenesis, and thus decrease in porosity and permeability.

A mild iodocyclohexane demethylation for highly enhancing antioxidant activity of lignin

Lignin,as a natural antioxidant,shows great potential in food engineering and medicine.How-ever,the inherent macromolecular structure,high polydispersity,and few phenolic hydroxy seri-ously limit its antioxidant activity.In this work,a mild iodocyclohexane demethylation for highly improving the antioxidant activity of lignin was proposed.The results showed-OCH 3 content exhibited an almost linear decrease as a function of treating time,and the demethylation and cleavage of𝛽-aryl ether bonds prompt an obvious increase in phenolic hydroxyl content(4.01 mmol/g)and a significant decline in aliphatic hydroxyl(∼0.03 mmol/g).Meanwhile,attributing to the fragmentation of𝛽β-O-4,β-β,and𝛽β-5 substructures,the polydispersity of lignin molecular weight decreases from 2.7 to 2.2.As a result,the formed catechol-typed lignin showed an out-standing antioxidant activity,with the radical(DPPH·)scavenging index(inverse of concentration for 50%of maximal effect(EC 50)value)over 2000 mL/mg,much superior to the commercial antioxidants(<500 mL/mg).Further structure-activity relationship analysis implied that the Ph-OH/-OCH 3 ratio might act as a key factor influencing the antioxidant activity of lignin.This mild demethylation demonstrates a facile and effective method for highly enhancing the antioxidant activity of lignin and makes the catechol-typed lignin a green and promising product for practical use in food,medicine,and pharmacy.

Emission-Tunable Nanofluorophores through Self-assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers:toward Application in Cell Imaging

Comprehensive Summary Nanofluorophores based on aggregation-induced emission(AIE)dyes have recently received considerable attention because of their unique optical properties and biocompatibility.In this work,we report an emission-tunable nanofluorophore constructed by the self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer(denoted by PTN).The diblock copolymer was synthesized by RAFT polymerization.A polyethylene glycol-based trithiocarbonate was employed as the macromolecular chain transfer agent,and a near-infrared emitting tetraphenylethylene derivative with a vinyl terminal group was designed as the monomer.The block copolymers self-assembled in an aqueous solution to form nanospheres,which showed near-infrared emission at approximately 720 nm with a significant Stokes shift of approximately 260 nm.Furthermore,nanofluorophores have excellent biocompatibility,photostability,and pH-independent emission-tunable properties,and were successfully applied to label HeLa cells for fluorescence imaging.

Discovery of IHMT-MST1-39 as a novel MST1 kinase inhibitor and AMPK activator for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Insulin-producing pancreaticβcell death is the fundamental cause of type 1 diabetes(T1D)and a contributing factor to type 2 diabetes(T2D).Moreover,metabolic disorder is another hallmark of T2D.Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1(MST1)contributes to the progression of diabetes mellitus through apoptosis induction and acceleration of pancreaticβcell dysfunction.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)is an energy sensing kinase and its activation has been suggested as a treatment option for metabolic diseases.Thus,pharmacological inhibition of MST1 and activation of AMPK simultaneously represents a promising approach for diabetes therapy.Here,we discovered a novel selective MST1 kinase inhibitor IHMT-MST1-39,which exhibits anti-apoptosis efficacy and improves the survival of pancreaticβcells under diabetogenic conditions,as well as primary pancreatic islets in an ex vivo disease model.Mechanistically,IHMT-MST1-39 activated AMPK signaling pathway in hepatocytes in vitro,combination of IHMT-MST1-39 and metformin synergistically prevented hyperglycemia and significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in diabetic mice.Taken together,IHMT-MST1-39 is a promising anti-diabetic candidate as a single agent or in combination therapy for both T1D and T2D.

Discovery of IHMT-337 as a potent irreversible EZH2 inhibitor targeting CDK4 transcription for malignancies

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2),an enzymatic subunit of PRC2 complex,plays an important role in tumor development and progression through its catalytic and noncatalytic activities.Overexpression or gain-of-function mutations of EZH2 have been significantly associated with tumor cell proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).As a result,it has gained interest as a potential therapeutic target.The currently available EZH2 inhibitors,such as EPZ6438 and GSK126,are of benefit for clinical using or reached clinical trials.However,certain cancers are resistant to these enzymatic inhibitors due to its noncatalytic or transcriptional activity through modulating nonhistone proteins.Thus,it may be more effective to synergistically degrade EZH2 in addition to enzymatic inhibition.Here,through a rational design and chemical screening,we discovered a new irreversible EZH2 inhibitor,IHMT-337,which covalently bounds to and degrades EZH2 via the E3 ligase CHIP-mediated ubiquitination pathway.Moreover,we revealed that IHMT-337 affects cell cycle progression in TNBC cells through targeting transcriptional regulating of CDK4,a novel PRC2 complex-and enzymatic activity-independent function of EZH2.More significantly,our compound inhibits both DLBCL and TNBC cell proliferation in different preclinical models in vitro and in vivo.Taken together,our findings demonstrate that in addition to enzymatic inhibition,destroying of EZH2 by IHMT-337 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC and other malignancies that are independent of EZH2 enzymatic activity.