Dynamical Dark Energy in Light of Cosmic Distance Measurements.Ⅱ.A Study Using Current Observations

We extract key information on dark energy from current observations of BAO,OHD and H_(0),and find hints of dynamical behavior of dark energy.In particular,a dynamical dark energy model whose equation of state crosses-1 is favored by observations.We also find that the Universe has started accelerating at a lower redshift than expected.

Effects of long-term partial substitution of inorganic fertilizer with pig manure and/or straw on nitrogen fractions and microbiological properties in greenhouse vegetable soils

Partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments is an important agricultural management practice.An 11-year field experiment(22 cropping periods)was carried out to analyze the impacts of different partial substitution treatments on crop yields and the transformation of nitrogen fractions in greenhouse vegetable soil.Four treatments with equal N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O inputs were selected,including complete inorganic fertilizer N(CN),50%inorganic fertilizer N plus 50%pig manure N(CPN),50%inorganic fertilizer N plus 25%pig manure N and 25%corn straw N(CPSN),and 50%inorganic fertilizer N plus 50%corn straw N(CSN).Organic substitution treatments tended to increase crop yields since the 6th cropping period compared to the CN treatment.From the 8th to the 22nd cropping periods,the highest yields were observed in the CPSN treatment where yields were 7.5-11.1%greater than in CN treatment.After 11-year fertilization,compared to CN,organic substitution treatments significantly increased the concentrations of NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N,acid hydrolysis ammonium-N(AHAN),amino acid-N(AAN),amino sugar-N(ASN),and acid hydrolysis unknown-N(AHUN)in soil by 45.0-69.4,32.8-58.1,49.3-66.6,62.0-69.5,34.5-100.3,and 109.2-172.9%,respectively.Redundancy analysis indicated that soil C/N and OC concentration significantly affected the distribution of N fractions.The highest concentrations of NO_(3)^(-)-N,AHAN,AAN,AHUN were found in the CPSN treatment.Organic substitution treatments increased the activities ofβ-glucosidase,β-cellobiosidase,N-acetyl-glucosamidase,L-aminopeptidase,and phosphatase in the soil.Organic substitution treatments reduced vector length and increased vector angle,indicating alleviation of constraints of C and N on soil microorganisms.Organic substitution treatments increased the total concentrations of phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)in the soil by 109.9-205.3%,and increased the relative abundance of G^(+)bacteria and fungi taxa,but decreased the relative abundance of G-bacteria,total bacteria,and actinomycetes.Overall,long-term organic substitution management increased soil OC concentration,C/N,and the microbial population,the latter in turn positively influenced soil enzyme activity.Enhanced microorganism numbers and enzyme activity enhanced soil N sequestration by transforming inorganic N to acid hydrolysis-N(AHN),and enhanced soil N supply capacity by activating non-acid hydrolysis-N(NAHN)to AHN,thus improving vegetable yield.Application of inorganic fertilizer,manure,and straw was a more effective fertilization model for achieving sustainable greenhouse vegetable production than application of inorganic fertilizer alone.

Dynamical Dark Energy in Light of Cosmic Distance Measurements.Ⅰ.A Demonstration Using Simulated Datasets

We develop methods to extract key dark energy information from cosmic distance measurements including the BAO scales and supernova(SN) luminosity distances.Demonstrated using simulated data sets of the complete DESI,LSST and Roman surveys designed for BAO and SN distance measurements,we show that using our method,the dynamical behavior of the energy,pressure,equation of state(with its time derivative) of dark energy and the cosmic deceleration function can all be accurately recovered from high-quality data,which allows for robust diagnostic tests for dark energy models.

Software defined intelligent satellite-terrestrial integrated networks:Insights and challenges

Satellite-Terrestrial integrated Networks(STNs)have been advocated by both academia and industry as a promising network paradigm to achieve service continuity and ubiquity.However,STNs suffer from problems including poor flexibility of network architecture,low adaptability to dynamic environments,the lack of network intelligence,and low resource utilization.To handle these challenges,a Software defined Intelligent STN(SISTN)architecture is introduced.Specifically,the hierarchical architecture of the proposal is described and a distributed deployment scheme for SISTNs controllers is proposed to realize agile and effective network management and control.Moreover,three use cases in SISTNs are discussed.Meanwhile,key techniques and their corresponding solutions are presented,followed by the identification of several open issues in SISTNs including compatibility with existing networks,the tradeoff between network flexibility and performance,and so on.

Laser shaping and optical power limiting of pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams of high-order radial modes in fullerene C60

We study the strong nonlinear optical dynamics of nanosecond pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams of high-order radial modes with zero orbital angular momentum propagating in the fullerene C60molecular medium. It is found that the spatiotemporal profile of the incident pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam is strongly reshaped during its propagation in the C60molecular medium. The centrosymmetric temporal profile of the incident pulse gradually evolves into a noncentrosymmetric meniscus shape, and the on-axis pulse duration is clearly depressed. Furthermore, the field intensity is distinctly attenuated due to the field-intensity-dependent reverse saturable absorption, and clear optical power limiting behavior is observed for different orders of the input pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams before the takeover of the saturation effect;the lower the order of the Laguerre–Gaussian beam, the lower the energy transmittance.

Dynamic evaluation of a scaled-down heat pipe-cooled system during start-up/shut-down processes using a hardware-in-the-loop test approach

Micro-mobile heat pipe-cooled nuclear power plants are promising candidates for distributed energy resource power genera-tors and can be flexibly deployed in remote places to meet increasing electric power demands.However,previous steady-state simulations and experiments have deviated significantly from actual micronuclear system operations.Hence,a transient analysis is required for performance optimization and safety assessment.In this study,a hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)approach was used to investigate the dynamic behavior of scaled-down heat pipe-cooled systems.The real-time features of the HIL architecture were interpreted and validated,and an optimal time step of 500 ms was selected for the thermal transient.The power transient was modeled using point kinetic equations,and a scaled-down thermal prototype was set up to avoid mod-eling unpredictable heat transfer behaviors and feeding temperature samples into the main program running on a desktop PC.A series of dynamic test results showed significant power and temperature oscillations during the transient process,owing to the inconsistency of the rapid nuclear reaction rate and large thermal inertia.The proposed HIL approach is stable and effective for further studying of the dynamic characteristics and control optimization of solid-state small nuclear-powered systems at an early prototyping stage.

Four new observational H(z) data from luminous red galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release seven

By adopting the differential age method, we select 17 832 luminous red galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Seven covering redshift 0 〈 z 〈 0.4 to measure the Hubble parameter. Using the full spectrum fitting package UZySS, these spectra are reduced with single stellar population models and optimal age information from our selected sample is derived. With the decreasing age-redshift relation, four new observational H（z） data （OHD） points are obtained, which are H（z） = 69.0 ± 19.6 km s^-1 Mpc^-1 at z = 0.07, H（z） = 68.6± 26.2 km s^-1 Mpc^-1 at z = 0.12, H（z）=72.9 ± 29.6 km s^-1 Mpc^-1 at z = 0.2 and H（z）=88.8 ± 36.6 km s^-1 Mpc^-1 at z = 0.28, respectively. Combined with 21 other available OHD data points, the performance of the constraint on both flat and non-flat ACDM models is presented.

Estimation of transition redshift based on Reinsch splines

Many schemes have been proposed to define a model-independent con- straint on cosmological dynamics, such as the nonparametric dark energy equation of state ω（z） or the deceleration parameter q（z）. These methods usually contain deriva- tives with respect to observational data with noise. However, there can be large un- certainties when one estimates values with numerical differentiation, especially when noise is significant. We introduce a global numerical differentiation method, first for- mulated by Reinsch, which is smoothed by cubic spline functions, and apply it to the estimation of the transition redshift zt with a simulated expansion rate E（z） based on observational Hubble parameter data. We also discuss some deficiencies and limita-tions of this method.

Cosmological neutrino simulations at extreme scale

Constraining neutrino mass remains an elusive challenge in modern physics.Precision measurements are expected from several upcoming cosmological probes of large-scale structure.Achieving this goal relies on an equal level of precision from theoretical predictions of neutrino clustering.Numerical simulations of the non-linear evolution of cold dark matter and neutrinos play a pivotal role in this process.We incorporate neutrinos into the cosmological N-body code CUBEP3M and discuss the challenges associated with pushing to the extreme scales demanded by the neutrino problem.We highlight code optimizations made to exploit modern high performance computing architectures and present a novel method of data compression that reduces the phase-space particle footprint from 24 bytes in single precision to roughly 9 bytes.We scale the neutrino problem to the Tianhe-2 supercomputer and provide details of our production run,named Tian Nu,which uses 86%of the machine(13 824 compute nodes).With a total of 2.97 trillion particles,Tian Nu is currently the world’s largest cosmological N-body simulation and improves upon previous neutrino simulations by two orders of magnitude in scale.We finish with a discussion of the unanticipated computational challenges that were encountered during the Tian Nu runtime.

A New Consistency Test forΛCDM Cosmology Using Galaxy Surveys

We propose a new consistency test for theΛCDM cosmology using baryonic acoustic oscillations(BAO)and redshift space distortion(RSD)measurements from galaxy redshift surveys.Specifically,we determine the peak position of fσ8(z)in redshift z offered by an RSD measurement,and compare it to the one predicted by the BAO observables assuming a flatΛCDM cosmology.We demonstrate this new test using the simulated data for the DESI galaxy survey,and argue that this test complements those using the background observables alone,and is less subject to systematics in the RSD analysis,compared to traditional methods using values of fσ8(z)directly.

Progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)is a type of tumor that originates from the mesenchymal tissue of the digestive tract and accounts for most interstitial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.Present studies demonstrate that GIST is mainly driven by a mutated c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha gene.Histologically,GIST is usually composed of spindle cells,epithelioid cells,or pleomorphic cells in a bundle or diffuse pattern.GIST cells are generally immunohistochemically positive for CD34,CD117,or DOG-1 expression.GIST is similar to interstitial cells of Cajal around the myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract,and both have a positive c-KIT gene,CD117,and CD34 expression.At present,gastroscopy,colonoscopy,computed tomography,nuclear magnetic resonance and other means are the primary means to diagnosis GIST.At the same time,for unidentified GIST,biopsy is also a necessary means of examination.However,for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors,oral Gleevec and surgery are present primary treatment methods,which is still limited.However,not all patients are suitable for Gleevec.For some gene mutated sites,Gleevec treatment is ineffective.With the increase of cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors,targeted therapies for GISTs with different gene loci mutations are urgently needed.

空间扭曲结构钢桥的制造工艺

随着人们生活水平的提高,以及公园城市概念的提出,对建筑景观的需求日益提升,越来越多的城市景观桥梁也随之出现,钢桥的空间造型呈现出复杂化的趋势,受其复杂的受力情况影响,往往伴随着特厚板(60 mm以上)压型等制造问题,故空间扭曲结构钢桥制作工艺值得深入探索。西一线跨绛溪河大桥位于成都绛溪河上,大桥采用三跨连续下承式梁拱组合体系钢桥,跨径为(55+175+55)m,宽51 m,平面位于半径R=400 m圆曲线上,边纵梁及拱肋呈空间扭曲形态,极不规则,空间构型完全由建筑景观决定,并不存在常规意义上的拱轴线,拱肋与边纵梁浑然一体,中心桩号处拱顶距桥面30 m,北侧拱肋内倾角度约47.69°,南侧拱肋内倾角度约24.85°,两拱于跨中交汇,结合段长度为14 m,拱间无其他横向联系。南、北拱肋采用单箱单室钢箱结构,以拱顶结合段为界,两拱小里程侧均为四边形断面,大里程侧均为五边形断面,拱肋空间形态十分复杂,除拱顶结合段壁板为单曲面,其余均为扭曲的双曲面板。在拱梁结合段造型最复杂区域,钢板最厚处达80 mm,两钢板夹角为22°,作为钢结构景观桥梁,本项目空间扭曲结构特征明显,钢板厚度大,故以此项目为依托进行研究具有借鉴意义。项目初期调研厚钢板主要压型方式为热压及冷压两种方式,因其制作模具成本太高以及加热对钢板性能的影响,最终项目采用趋势分析法+火矫的成型工艺以达到设计造型。具体工艺如下:首先采用三维软件分析压型钢板的曲率趋势划分压型分割区,再将压型分割区按照50~100 mm间距等分绘制压型控制线,并标记压型方向,用大吨位压力机压制压型线,伴随检验样板检查钢板曲率是否满足。合格后将钢板转至立式胎架火矫精调合格后转至组装区。组装前应根据钢桥线形制作胎架,胎架基础要有足够的承载力,防止在组装的过程中胎架发生沉降等现象,同时胎架要有足够的刚性以支撑钢桥。胎架支撑密度与隔板间距相同,胎架需要连续制作。因其为不规则形状,故壁板板肋要在壁板与隔板组装后再组装,同时钢梁需在胎架上焊接完成后,根据其环口匹配情况做适当修整以保证其造型的连续性。根据此工艺制造的西一线跨绛溪河大桥避免了模具制作,压型工序可以形成系统化流水施工,大大节省了模具制作费用,节省了施工周期,且成桥后线形美观,可为类似钢结构工程施工提供一定的借鉴。

Free-space beam shaping and steering based on a silicon optical phased array

In this study,we present a method for free-space beam shaping and steering based on a silicon optical phased array,which addresses the theoretical limitation of traditional bulk optics.We theoretically analyze the beam propagation properties with changes in the applied phase.Different beam profiles can be shaped by varying the phase combination,while a high-order quasi-Bessel beam can be generated with a cubic change to the phase modulation.The simulated results are validated further experimentally,and they match one another well.Beam steering can be achieved with a field of view as large as 140°,which has potential benefits for practical applications.The presented method is expected to have broad application prospects for optical communications,free-space optical interconnects,and light detection and ranging.

BrΦnsted acid-promoted ‘on-water’ C(sp^3)-H functionalization fot the synthesis of isoindolinone/[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives targeting the SKP2-CKS1 interaction

The isoindolinone and biaryl scaffolds are prevalent in natural products and drug molecules,which have showed broad and interesting biological activities.The efficient construction of such hybridized molecules and biological evaluation are of great interest to medicinal chemistry community.In this communication,we report an efficient BrΦnsted acid-promoted C(sp^3)-H functionalization approach that enables the rapid construction of biologically important isoindolinone/[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hybrids from 5-methyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine,2-formylbenzoic acid and various anilines.The title compounds were generated in high to excellent yields(up to 96%)regardless of the electronic nature and steric effects of the substituents.In this reaction,an isoindolinone scaffold,one C-C single bond,and two C-N bonds were formed simultaneously with high atom economy.In this work,we have envisioned that the methyl group linked to the electron-deficient Nheterocycles could be used as a new synthetic handle for late-state diversification and may have broad applications in the field of organic and medicinal chemistry.Besides,the title compounds have exhibited promising activity against the SKP2-CKS1 interaction.

Game-theoretical explorations of the mesoscale flow structure and regime transitions in bubble columns

Understanding the mesoscale structure and regime transition in bubble columns is of great significance for reactor design and scaleup.Based on the energy-minimization multiscale(EMMS)model,a noncooperative game model with constraints is proposed to investigate the structural properties of gas-liquid systems in which small and large bubbles are chosen as players and the energy consumption form the objective function.The conservation equations of the system can be regarded as the constraints of the game.For the formulated noncooperative game model,the concept of the generalized Nash equilibrium(GNE)is used to characterize the solution.An algorithm is developed to numerically compute the GNE and some important structural parameters in the system.The numerical results show the existence of the GNE for all values of the superficial gas velocity Ug.As Ug varies,the trends in the state variables can be observed and the critical point of Ug identified.The overall trend of the flow regime transition agrees with the original EMMS model and experimental results,although the GNE calculation also reveals different single-bubble dominant mechanisms with increasing Ug.

Evolution of arthroscopic treatment from intra-capsular to extra-capsular for lateral epicondylalgia

To the Editor:Lateral epicondylalgia,whose incidence rate is approximately 1.3%,not only occurs in tennis players(tennis players only account for 5%^([1])),but is also related to smoking,poor social support,and heavy physical labor.Surgical treatment should be considered when conservative treatment fails after 6 months,which occurs in 10%of lateral epicondylalgia cases.

Intelligent radio access networks:architectures,key techniques,and experimental platforms

Intelligent radio access networks(RANs)have been seen as a promising paradigm aiming to better satisfy diverse application demands and support various service scenarios.In this paper,a comprehensive survey of recent advances in intelligent RANs is conducted.First,the efforts made by standard organizations and vendors are summarized,and several intelligent RAN architectures proposed by the academic community are presented,such as intent-driven RAN and network with enhanced data analytic.Then,several enabling techniques are introduced which include AI-driven network slicing,intent perception,intelligent operation and maintenance,AI-based cloud-edge collaborative networking,and intelligent multi-dimensional resource allocation.Furthermore,the recent progress achieved in developing experimental platforms is described.Finally,given the extensiveness of the research area,several promising future directions are outlined,in terms of standard open data sets,enabling AI with a computing power network,realization of edge intelligence,and software-defined intelligent satellite-terrestrial integrated network.