Direct conversion of methane to benzene or other valuable chemicals is a very promising process for the efficient application of natural gas. Compared with conversion processes that require oxidants, non-oxidative dir...Direct conversion of methane to benzene or other valuable chemicals is a very promising process for the efficient application of natural gas. Compared with conversion processes that require oxidants, non-oxidative direct conversion is more attractive due to high selectivity to the target product. In this paper, an alternative route for methane dehydrogenation and selective conversion to benzene and hydrogen without the participation of oxygen is discussed. A brief review of the catalysts used in methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) is first given, followed by our current understanding of the location and the active phase of Mo species, the reaction mechanism, the mechanism of carbonaceous deposit and the deactivation of Mo/zeolite catalysts are systematically discussed. Ways to improve the catalytic activity and stability are described in detail based on catalyst and reaction as well as reactor design. Future prospects for methane dehydroaromatization process are also presented.展开更多
Long-term stability test of Mo/HZSM-5-N catalysts(HZSM-5-N stands for nano-sized HZSM-5) in methane dehydroaromatization(MDA)reaction has been performed with periodic CH4-H2 switch at 1033-1073 K for more than 100...Long-term stability test of Mo/HZSM-5-N catalysts(HZSM-5-N stands for nano-sized HZSM-5) in methane dehydroaromatization(MDA)reaction has been performed with periodic CH4-H2 switch at 1033-1073 K for more than 1000 h.During this test,methane conversion ranges from 13% to 16%,and mean yield to aromatics(i.e.benzene and naphthalene) exceeds 10%.N2-physisorption,XRD,NMR and TPO measurements were performed for the used Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts and coke deposition,and the results revealed that the periodic hydrogenation can effectively suppress coke deposition by removing the inert aromatic-type coke,thus ensuring Mo/HZSM-5 partly maintained its activity even in the presence of large amount of coke deposition.The effect of zeolite particle size on the catalytic activity was also explored,and the results showed that the nano-sized zeolite with low diffusion resistance performed better.It is recognized that the size effect was enhanced by reaction time,and it became more remarkable in a long-term MDA reaction even at a low space velocity.展开更多
Wearable human-machine interface(HMI)is an advanced technology that has a wide range of applications from robotics to augmented/virtual reality(AR/VR).In this study,an optically driven wearable human-interactive smart...Wearable human-machine interface(HMI)is an advanced technology that has a wide range of applications from robotics to augmented/virtual reality(AR/VR).In this study,an optically driven wearable human-interactive smart textile is proposed by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)patch embedded with optical micro/nanofibers(MNF)array with a piece of textiles.Enabled by the highly sensitive pressure dependent bending loss of MNF,the smart textile shows high sensitivity(65.5 kPa^(−1))and fast response(25 ms)for touch sensing.Benefiting from the warp and weft structure of the textile,the optical smart textile can feel slight finger slip along the MNF.Furthermore,machine learning is utilized to classify the touch manners,achieving a recognition accuracy as high as 98.1%.As a proof-of-concept,a remote-control robotic hand and a smart interactive doll are demonstrated based on the optical smart textile.This optical smart textile represents an ideal HMI for AR/VR and robotics applications.展开更多
In-fiber structured particles and filament array have been recently emerging,providing unique advantages of feasible fabrication,diverse structures and sophisticated functionalities.This review will focus on the progr...In-fiber structured particles and filament array have been recently emerging,providing unique advantages of feasible fabrication,diverse structures and sophisticated functionalities.This review will focus on the progress of this topic mainly from the perspective of fluid instabilities.By suppressing the capillary instability,the uniform layered structures down to nanometers are attained with the suitable materials selection.On the other hand,by utilizing capillary instability via post-drawing thermal treatment,the unprecedent structured particles can be designed with multimaterials for multifunctional fiber devices.Moreover,an interesting filamentation instability of a stretching viscous sheet has been identified during thermal drawing,resulting in an array of filaments.This review may inspire more future work to produce versatile devices for fiber electronics,either at a single fiber level or in large-scale fabrics and textiles,simply by manipulating and controlling fluid instabilities.展开更多
The ability to sense heat and touch is essential for healthcare,robotics,and human–machine interfaces.By taking advantage of the engineerable waveguiding properties,we design and fabricate a flexible optical microfib...The ability to sense heat and touch is essential for healthcare,robotics,and human–machine interfaces.By taking advantage of the engineerable waveguiding properties,we design and fabricate a flexible optical microfiber sensor for simultaneous temperature and pressure measurement based on theoretical calculation.The sensor exhibits a high temperature sensitivity of 1.2 nm/℃ by measuring the shift of a high-order mode cutoff wavelength in the short-wavelength range.In the case of pressure sensing,the sensor shows a sensitivity of 4.5%per kilopascal with a fast temporal frequency response of 1000 Hz owing to the strong evanescent wave guided outside the microfiber.The cross talk is negligible because the temperature and pressure signals are measured at different wavelengths based on different mechanisms.The properties of fast temporal response,high temperature,and pressure sensitivity enable the sensor for real-time skin temperature and wrist pulse measurements,which is critical to the accurate analysis of pulse waveforms.We believe the sensor will have great potential in wearable optical devices ranging from healthcare to humanoid robots.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21103181)
文摘Direct conversion of methane to benzene or other valuable chemicals is a very promising process for the efficient application of natural gas. Compared with conversion processes that require oxidants, non-oxidative direct conversion is more attractive due to high selectivity to the target product. In this paper, an alternative route for methane dehydrogenation and selective conversion to benzene and hydrogen without the participation of oxygen is discussed. A brief review of the catalysts used in methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) is first given, followed by our current understanding of the location and the active phase of Mo species, the reaction mechanism, the mechanism of carbonaceous deposit and the deactivation of Mo/zeolite catalysts are systematically discussed. Ways to improve the catalytic activity and stability are described in detail based on catalyst and reaction as well as reactor design. Future prospects for methane dehydroaromatization process are also presented.
基金financially supported by the"Strategic Priority Research Program"of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA09030101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21103181 and 21473185)+1 种基金DICP Fundamental Research Program for Clean Energy(DICP M201301)Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Group Co.Ltd
文摘Long-term stability test of Mo/HZSM-5-N catalysts(HZSM-5-N stands for nano-sized HZSM-5) in methane dehydroaromatization(MDA)reaction has been performed with periodic CH4-H2 switch at 1033-1073 K for more than 1000 h.During this test,methane conversion ranges from 13% to 16%,and mean yield to aromatics(i.e.benzene and naphthalene) exceeds 10%.N2-physisorption,XRD,NMR and TPO measurements were performed for the used Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts and coke deposition,and the results revealed that the periodic hydrogenation can effectively suppress coke deposition by removing the inert aromatic-type coke,thus ensuring Mo/HZSM-5 partly maintained its activity even in the presence of large amount of coke deposition.The effect of zeolite particle size on the catalytic activity was also explored,and the results showed that the nano-sized zeolite with low diffusion resistance performed better.It is recognized that the size effect was enhanced by reaction time,and it became more remarkable in a long-term MDA reaction even at a low space velocity.
基金We acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61975173)Major Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Lab(No.2019MC0AD01)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C05003)the CIE-Tencent Robotics X Rhino-Bird Focused Research Program(No.2020-01-006).
文摘Wearable human-machine interface(HMI)is an advanced technology that has a wide range of applications from robotics to augmented/virtual reality(AR/VR).In this study,an optically driven wearable human-interactive smart textile is proposed by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)patch embedded with optical micro/nanofibers(MNF)array with a piece of textiles.Enabled by the highly sensitive pressure dependent bending loss of MNF,the smart textile shows high sensitivity(65.5 kPa^(−1))and fast response(25 ms)for touch sensing.Benefiting from the warp and weft structure of the textile,the optical smart textile can feel slight finger slip along the MNF.Furthermore,machine learning is utilized to classify the touch manners,achieving a recognition accuracy as high as 98.1%.As a proof-of-concept,a remote-control robotic hand and a smart interactive doll are demonstrated based on the optical smart textile.This optical smart textile represents an ideal HMI for AR/VR and robotics applications.
基金Guangming Tao acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61875064)WNLO Man-Machine Lab Fund,WNLO Innovation Fund and HUST Innovation Fund(Grant No.2172018KFYXKJC021)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University.Lei Wei acknowledges the support by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2(MOE2015-T2-2-010)Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1(MOE2019-T1-001-103 and MOE2019-T1-001-111)the EEE Ignition Research Grant.Daosheng Deng is indebted to Prof.Yoel Fink,Prof.Steven Johnson,and Prof.Howard Stone for the guidance and discussions on the topic of in-fiber nanostructures generated by fluid instabilities,and the collaboration with Prof.Ayman Abouraddyacknowledges the funding support by the National Young Thousand Talent Program in China and startup from Fudan University.
文摘In-fiber structured particles and filament array have been recently emerging,providing unique advantages of feasible fabrication,diverse structures and sophisticated functionalities.This review will focus on the progress of this topic mainly from the perspective of fluid instabilities.By suppressing the capillary instability,the uniform layered structures down to nanometers are attained with the suitable materials selection.On the other hand,by utilizing capillary instability via post-drawing thermal treatment,the unprecedent structured particles can be designed with multimaterials for multifunctional fiber devices.Moreover,an interesting filamentation instability of a stretching viscous sheet has been identified during thermal drawing,resulting in an array of filaments.This review may inspire more future work to produce versatile devices for fiber electronics,either at a single fiber level or in large-scale fabrics and textiles,simply by manipulating and controlling fluid instabilities.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB2200400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61975173,62075192)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ21F050001,LQ22F050021)Major Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Lab(2019MC0AD01)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2021C05003)。
文摘The ability to sense heat and touch is essential for healthcare,robotics,and human–machine interfaces.By taking advantage of the engineerable waveguiding properties,we design and fabricate a flexible optical microfiber sensor for simultaneous temperature and pressure measurement based on theoretical calculation.The sensor exhibits a high temperature sensitivity of 1.2 nm/℃ by measuring the shift of a high-order mode cutoff wavelength in the short-wavelength range.In the case of pressure sensing,the sensor shows a sensitivity of 4.5%per kilopascal with a fast temporal frequency response of 1000 Hz owing to the strong evanescent wave guided outside the microfiber.The cross talk is negligible because the temperature and pressure signals are measured at different wavelengths based on different mechanisms.The properties of fast temporal response,high temperature,and pressure sensitivity enable the sensor for real-time skin temperature and wrist pulse measurements,which is critical to the accurate analysis of pulse waveforms.We believe the sensor will have great potential in wearable optical devices ranging from healthcare to humanoid robots.