薄煤层综采工作面智能化关键技术与应用

针对薄煤层工作面开采长期面临的装备配套性能低、智能化程度低、经济效益低、劳动强度高的“三低一高”问题,构建了工作面生产时地面工艺调度决策,井下设备依据决策自动执行的“地面规划采煤、装备自动执行、面内无人作业”的智能无人开采新模式。建立了以地面控制中心为核心,以井上下万兆网络通讯平台、采煤机规划截割、液压支架主从调度、机载音视频装置、巡检机器人、电缆拖拽、三岗合一为辅的成套化薄煤层智能化开采关键技术。通过工业实践表明,该模式可实现生产时将工作面内作业人员由原来3人减为无人,达到无人则安;生产效率由原来的每天12刀提升到14刀,最高达到16刀,平均提升17%以上。

采煤机机载音视频系统设计

在分析目前采煤机滚筒状态缺乏有效监测手段的基础上,设计了一种采煤机机载音视频系统。对音视频结构、音视频信号传输方式、基于声纹的煤岩识别技术进行了详细介绍。通过红外摄像仪解决工作面粉尘大时普通摄像仪图像模糊问题,通过分析、处理实时采集到的音频信号进行煤岩识别。该系统可进一步提升采煤机工作时滚筒状态监测水平,解决工作面需要布置大量摄像仪的问题,将音频信息转化为无人化采煤辅助决策手段,提升综采工作面智能化采煤水平。

棉花纤维品质相关基因挖掘及功能基因研究进展

棉纤维是天然的,使用最为广泛的纤维材料。提高棉纤维品质成为当前棉花遗传育种的重要目标,对棉纤维发育相关基因的挖掘、定位、克隆与功能研究是实现这一目标的重要基础。本文阐述了基于QTL定位的陆地棉和海岛棉纤维优质基因挖掘、基于全基因组测序的棉纤维发育相关基因位点鉴定和分析、基于分子标记辅助育种技术的棉纤维品质改良以及棉花纤维发育相关功能基因验证等研究进展,以期为棉花纤维发育及品质改良研究提供有益借鉴和参考,并对今后棉花纤维相关研究和发展方向进行了展望。

海洋环境噪声中的α稳定分布模型

针对海洋环境噪声的非高斯特性,将α稳定分布模型应用到噪声统计建模中。基于模型特征指数与样本峰度物理意义的相似性,建立了二者的对应关系,并推导得出相互独立的两个随机变量之和的峰度。通过数值仿真,表明了α稳定分布对尖峰态噪声建模的可行性和适应性。以安静环境、气枪干扰、航船干扰3种典型环境下的海上实测数据为样本,借助分位数图判断了样本的非高斯特性,并利用分位数法和特征函数法联合估计了模型的参数,得出了特征指数的统计规律:安静环境下特征指数接近2.0,趋近于正态分布;气枪干扰下特征指数介于1.2～1.7之间,具有尖峰厚尾特性;航船干扰下与航速、干扰源到接收位置距离有关,航船影响越显著,特征指数越小,该现象恰好与干扰噪声的峰度变化在物理意义上一致。模型验证结果表明,α稳定分布对3类样本均表现出良好的建模效果,尤其对具有尖峰特性的气枪干扰噪声,效果远远优于正态分布。

陆地棉纤维发育相关基因GhEXPs的分析及表达研究

【目的】扩展蛋白是1种细胞壁蛋白,能够松弛细胞壁从而促进细胞伸长。本研究旨在挖掘棉花纤维发育过程中特异的扩展蛋白基因。【方法】利用转录组测序和定量PCR(Polymerase chain reaction)研究棉花扩展蛋白基因的表达模式,并运用生物信息学的方法分析扩展蛋白进化关系、预测三维结构和关键氨基酸位点。【结果】以陆地棉cDNA(Complementary DNA,互补DNA)为模板,克隆得到4个棉花扩展蛋白基因GhEXPA1d、GhEXPA4b、GhEXPA23b和GhEXPB3a,开放阅读框长度分别为768 bp、795 bp、798 bp和804 bp。进化树分析表明,GhEXPA1d、GhEXPA4b、GhEXPA23b属于EXPA(α-expansin)亚家族,GhEXPB3a属于EXPB(β-expansin)亚家族。组织特异性表达分析表明它们是纤维发育特异基因;定量PCR验证了这4个GhEXPs都是在纤维发育的起始期和伸长期表达量较高。根据序列比对以及三维结构模型预测了4个棉花扩展蛋白的关键氨基酸位点,分别是苯丙氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸,均为芳香族氨基酸,在三维结构模型中处于同一个平面上。【结论】获得的4个棉花扩展蛋白基因在棉花纤维发育起始期和伸长期特异表达,为进一步阐明GhEXPs对棉花纤维发育的分子机制提供了参考。

利用海洋环境噪声估计浅海海底表层声速

为提高反演效率,提出一种快速估计浅海海底表层声速的方法。根据噪声能流理论,垂直阵接收的海洋环境噪声数据能够用于无源提取海底反射损失,反射损失曲线中具有明显的临界角效应,从而接估计海底表层声速。以射线模型为基础,推导了噪声提取的反射损失与理论值之间的差异,并讨论实际阵列波束形成在不同角度和频率下的性能。考虑到非等声速环境下声线会发生弯曲,需对角度进行修正以提高方法的广泛适用性。不同频率的临界角与有效深度之间存在对应关系,黄海某海区数据处理结果表明,在临界角不变的有效深度内,海底表层可以视为等声速层,该海区海底表层0.5 m内声速估计结果为1547 m/s,与有源反演结果相近。

确定峰度非高斯海洋环境噪声模型研究

针对非高斯海洋环境噪声仿真问题,利用对衰减正弦信号均匀采样方法,产生了具有特定谱特性同时具有特定峰度值的非高斯海洋环境噪声序列。在理论仿真条件下,通过对低峰度值和高峰度值的分别讨论发现,当峰度值高于3.0时总可以仿真得到较好的结果,而当峰度值低于3.0时,需通过降采样或降阶的方法解决不能仿真的问题。4种海上试验条件下的仿真结果表明,在安静环境、单一航船干扰环境、气枪声源干扰环境以及冲击性干扰环境下,都可以产生与目标谱特性、统计特性几乎相同的非高斯海洋环境噪声序列。

南海北部海洋环境噪声谱级空间差异性分析

为研究中国近海海洋环境噪声的空间差异性,揭示其形成原因,以同一海域同一季节两个测量站位的长期观测数据为研究对象,对比两个站位噪声谱级的差异.结合海洋信道和噪声源特性的影响,分析港口强噪声源到噪声采集站位的传播损失,发现在50～500 Hz频段传播损失差值和噪声谱级差值呈现较强相关性;对港口航船噪声源级的分析发现,该频段内源级相差20 dB左右,与休渔期前后航船密度差异相对应。试验分析和研究结果表明,南海北部海域50～500 Hz频段内海洋环境噪声与航船噪声源密切相关,两站位噪声空间差异由海区传播条件差异与航船噪声源级差异共同引起。

3种植物生长调节剂对杀菌剂防治棉花枯萎病效果的影响

为筛选出在温室育苗情况下能有效防治棉花枯萎病的化学药剂组合,解决棉花温室育苗苗病频发问题,保障温室内培育出棉花壮苗和后续的分子生物学试验,选取5种杀菌剂嘧菌环胺、宁南霉素、吡唑醚菌酯、乙蒜素和春雷霉素,分别对棉花枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum 7号生理小种菌株进行室内毒力测定和室内盆栽试验防治效果(防效)测定;筛选出防效较好的宁南霉素和乙蒜素分别和乙烯利、萘乙酸、苄氨基嘌呤3种植物生长调节剂混配拌种,进行室内盆栽试验测定防效。毒力测定结果表明:宁南霉素毒力最强,致死中浓度(EC;)为8.034 mg·L^(-1);乙蒜素次之,EC;为16.048 mg·L^(-1)。盆栽试验的防效测定结果也表明,单用杀菌剂拌种时,宁南霉素和乙蒜素的防效较好(出苗后7 d时分别为68.24%和50.88%)。在与3种生长调节剂混配时,出苗后15 d时组合防效达到高峰,其中萘乙酸与宁南霉素组合的防效最好,可达84.65%,且具有很好的增效作用。综上,在温室育苗时可使用萘乙酸与宁南霉素组合拌种防治棉花枯萎病。

基于SRM-SE-DenseNet的超广角眼底图像病理性近视识别研究

目前,对病理性近视的诊断大多采用人工诊断的方法,不仅需要资深的眼科医生,而且耗时耗力,为了提高诊断效率和精度,预防因漏诊、误诊、诊疗延误所造成的不可逆性视力障碍,提出一种基于深度学习技术的病理性近视自动诊断方法,在一定程度上可以辅助医生进行相应的诊疗。该方法通过图像分割对数据进行预处理,得到噪声干扰小、目标区域突出的局部眼底图像,使用数据增强方法对数据进行扩充,使用SRM-SE-DenseNet模型进行图像识别进而得出诊断结果。实验结果表明SRM-SE-DenseNet模型具有最高的识别准确率80.03%,灵敏度和特异性分别为69.54%、88.55%,证明了该方法在超广角眼底图像上对病理性近视进行自动诊断的可行性以及适用性。

陆地棉纤维起始期优势表达基因GhCRPK1的克隆及功能研究

【目的】研究陆地棉类受体激酶GhCRPK1(Cold-responsive protein kinase 1,CRPK1)在棉花纤维发育中的功能。【方法】以陆地棉全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据及陆地棉纤维发育不同时期的表达数据,筛选到GhCRPK1在棉花纤维起始期优势表达,通过基因克隆、亚细胞定位等方法研究了GhCRPK1的功能,对过表达GhCRPK1的拟南芥及突变体crpk1的表皮毛长度和密度进行观察统计,利用酵母双杂交筛选与GhCRPK1相互作用的蛋白。【结果】GhCRPK1基因全长为4594 bp,开放阅读框长度为1047 bp,编码348个氨基酸,在开花当天到开花后3 d持续优势表达,编码产物定位在细胞膜上。GhCRPK1在拟南芥中异源表达后可促进表皮毛的伸长;拟南芥中同源基因突变后,表皮毛变短。酵母双杂交实验发现,GhCRPK1与热激蛋白Gh_D08G0057相互作用。【结论】GhCRPK1在棉花纤维发育起始时期优势表达,定位在细胞膜上,在拟南芥中异源表达后调控拟南芥表皮毛的伸长。

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GhIQD gene family in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Background:Calmodulin(CaM)is one of the most important Ca^(2+)signaling receptors because it regulates diverse physiological and biochemical reactions in plants.CaM functions by interacting with CaM-binding proteins(CaMBPs)to modulate Ca^(2+)signaling.IQ domain(IQD)proteins are plant-specific CaMBPs that bind to CaM by their specific CaM binding sites.Results:In this study,we identified 102 GhIQD genes in the Gossypium hirsutum L.genome.The GhIQD gene family was classified into four clusters(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ),and we then mapped the GhIQD genes to the G.hirsutum L.chromosomes.Moreover,we found that 100 of the 102 GhIQD genes resulted from segmental duplication events,indicating that segmental duplication is the main force driving GhIQD gene expansion.Gene expression pattern analysis showed that a total of 89 GhIQD genes expressed in the elongation stage and second cell wall biosynthesis stage of the fiber cells,suggesting that GhIQD genes may contribute to fiber cell development in cotton.In addition,we found that 20 selected GhIQD genes were highly expressed in various tissues.Exogenous application of MeJA significantly enhanced the expression levels of GhIQD genes.Conclusions:Our study shows that GhIQD genes are involved in fiber cell development in cotton and are also widely induced by MeJA.Thw results provide bases to systematically characterize the evolution and biological functions of GhIQD genes,as well as clues to breed better cotton varieties in the future.

Genome‑wide characterization of the Rho family in cotton provides insights into fiber development

Background:Cotton is the source of natural fibers globally,fulfilling 90%of the textile industry’s requirements.However,fiber development is a complex biological process comprising four stages.Fiber develops from a single cell,and cell elongation is a vital process in fiber development.Therefore,it is pertinent to understand and exploit mechanisms underlying cell elongation during fiber development.A previous report about cell division control protein 42(CDC-42)with its key role in cell elongation in eukaryotes inspired us to explore its homologs Rho GTPases for understanding of cell elongation during cotton fiber development.Result:We classified 2066 Rho proteins from 8 Gossypium species into 5 and 8 groups within A and D sub-genomes,respectively.Asymmetric evolution of Rho members was observed among five tetraploids.Population fixation statistics between two short and long fiber genotypes identified highly diverged regions encompassing 34 Rho genes in G.hirustum,and 31 of them were retained through further validation by genome wide association analysis(GWAS).Moreover,a weighted gene co-expression network characterized genome-wide expression patteren of Rho genes based on previously published transcriptome data.Twenty Rho genes from five modules were identified as hub genes which were potentially related to fiber development.Interaction networks of 5 Rho genes based on transcriptional abundance and gene ontology(GO)enrichment emphasized the involvement of Rho in cell wall biosynthesis,fatty acid elongation,and other biological processes.Conclusion:Our study characterized the Rho proteins in cotton,provided insights into the cell elongation of cotton fiber and potential application in cotton fiber improvement.

Improved Gossypium raimondii genome using a Hi-C-based proximity-guided assembly

Introduction:Genome sequence plays an important role in both basic and applied studies.Gossypium raimondii,the putative contributor of the D subgenome of upland cotton(G.hirsutum,highlights the need to improve the genome quality rapidly and efficiently.Methods:We performed Hi-C sequencing of G.raimondii and reassembled its genome based on a set of new Hi-C data and previously published scaffolds.We also compared the reassembled genome sequenee with the previously published G raimondii genomes for gene and genome sequence collinearity.Result:A total of 9842%of scaffold sequences were clustered successfully,among which 99.72%of the clustered sequences were ordered and 99.92%of the ordered sequences were oriented with high-quality.Further evaluation of results by heat-map and collinearity analysis revealed that the current reassembled genome is significantly improved than the previous one(Nat Genet 44:98-1103,2012).Conclusion:This improvement in G raimondii genome not only provides a better reference to increase study efficiency but also offers a new way to assemble cotton genomes.Furthermore,Hi-C data of G.raimondii may be used for 3D structure research or regulating analysis.

Map-based cloning of a recessive gene v_1 for virescent leaf expression in cotton(Gossypium spp.)

Background： Virescence, as a recognizable phenotype available for research on chloroplast development and in the early development stage of cotton, is not only photosynthesis but also for heterosis exploitation in cotton Methods： In current study, for fine mapping of virescent-1 （V1） in cotton, three populations with a total of 5 678 individuals were constructed using T582 which has the virescent trait. Tobacco rattle virus, TRV1 and TRV2 （pYL156）, were used as vectors for the virus-induced gene silencing （VlGS） assay. Results： The V1 gene was fine-mapped to a 20 kb interval on chromosome 20 of tetraploid cotton. We identified only one candidate gene with four single nucleotide polymorphisms between parents, among which the single nucleotide polymorphism at the position of 1 082 base pair caused the change of amino acid residue from Arg （3-79） to Lys （]-582）. The relative expression of the candidate gene in virescent plants was extensively lower than that in normal plants. Nullification of the gene by VlGS significantly turned the green leaf of normal cotton plants into yellow. We named this candidate gene as GhRVL. Conclusions： This study will facilitate the further research on virescent formation, and will be useful for breeding of hybrid cottons.

基于增强现实的脊柱微创手术导航系统

针对脊柱微创手术实际的临床导航需求,设计开发了一种基于增强现实的脊柱微创手术导航系统。在术前通过CT对患者脊柱病灶部位进行扫描和重建,将合适的脊柱模型导入Unity-3D平台中并为其添加控制脚本。使用标定球对手术器械进行标定,采用Polaris Vega光学追踪器实时追踪手术器械,建立手术器械与Polaris Vega光学追踪器之间的坐标转换关系,将识别到的手术器械位姿信息实时发送到HoloLens设备中,从而实现手术器械、病灶模型等医疗影像的同步显示。在术中为医生提供3维脊柱病灶影像的可视化显示,帮助医生实现病灶定位和手术器械导航。经过脊柱模型实验测试,系统导航误差小于2.8 mm,可以满足脊柱外科的临床应用要求。

Identification of SSR markers linked to the abscission of cotton boll traits and mining germplasm in Cotton

Background Cotton is an economically important crop.It is crucial to find an effective method to improve cotton yield,and one approach is to decrease the abscission of cotton bolls and buds.However,the lack of knowledge of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying cotton boll abscission traits has hindered genetic improvements.Results Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between boll abscission rates 1(AR1)and boll abscission rates 2(AR2).A genome-wide association study was conducted on 145 loci that exhibited high polymorphism and were uniformly distributed across 26 chromosomes(pair).The study revealed 18,46,and 62 markers that were significantly associated with boll abscission,fiber quality,and yield traits(P<0.05),explaining 1.75%–7.13%,1.16%–9.58%,and 1.40%–5.44%of the phenotypic variation,respectively.Notably,the marker MON_SHIN-1584b was associated with the cotton boll abscission trait,whereas MON_CGR5732a was associated with cotton boll abscission and fiber quality traits.Thirteen of the marker loci identified in this study had been previously reported.Based on phenotypic effects,six typical cultivars with elite alleles related to cotton boll abscission,fiber quality,and yield traits were identified.These cultivars hold great promise for widespread utilization in breeding programs.Conclusions These results lay the foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of cotton boll abscission and provide data for the future improvement of cotton breeding.

Correction:Identification of SSR markers linked to the abscission of cotton boll traits and mining germplasm in Cotton

Correction:J Cotton Res 7,20(2024)https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-024-00180-3 Following publication of the original article(Shui et al.2024),the author found 5 errors in the published article.1.One of the author’s name has been corrected from Gou Chunping to Guo Chunping.2.The reference(Zhao SQ.2016)in Table 2 has been updated to:Zhao SQ.Analysis on the major gene and multigene mixed inheritance and QTL mapping for early maturity traits in upland cotton.Chin Acad Agric Sci.2016.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.201600501.(in Chinese with English abstract).3.In’Results’part,’Phenotype analysis of 238 cotton boll abscission among cotton accessions’paragraph,the phenotype analysis of AR1 ranging from 19.27%–63.79%,which was wrongly written as 19.27%-63.97%.4.The‘2018KRL’is modified to‘2018KEL’in Table 1.

机器人辅助微创全膝关节置换手术系统

开发了面向全膝关节置换手术的机器人辅助截骨系统,实现了膝关节解剖结构精准建模、术前截骨路径3维规划、图像配准以及术中机器人可视化导航.采用多模态图像融合与主动轮廓模型分割技术实现了包含关节软骨在内的膝关节自动化建模与可视化;在此基础上采用3维交互技术实现截骨路径的术前规划;术中基于自主研发的双目视觉跟踪系统,采集关节骨表面3维点云与术前3维模型进行形状配准,完成图像空间和机器人空间之间的映射;最后通过视觉导航技术引导机器人完成截骨操作.实验结果表明,机器人系统综合定位误差为0.87 mm,截骨操作误差小于1 mm.

细胞因子与淋巴瘤关系的研究进展

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