延时补偿的APF改进预测无差拍重复控制

为进一步提升有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter,APF)性能,提出一种考虑延时补偿的APF预测无差拍重复控制算法。首先,根据奇数次谐波进行dq坐标变换后为偶次频率分量的特点,通过计算谐波周期的最小公倍数实现快速的指令电流周期预测。同时,采用延时信号消除算法(Delay Signal Elimination,DSE)与低通滤波器(Low Pass Filter,LPF)相结合提取基波分量,有效提高了指令电流提取效率。然后,提出通过固定延时后启动AD采样的方法降低无差拍控制下采样前端延时对系统的影响。进而,引入重复控制,并给出了考虑鲁棒性约束下重复控制参数选取方法。最后,通过MATLAB仿真和实际物理实验验证了所提改进控制算法的正确性和有效性。

平安1井侧钻水平井工程设计优化及现场实践

平安1井导眼井钻进过程中出现井塌卡钻、溢漏共存等风险。侧钻水平井眼采用风险分析,筛选出最优的套管开窗工具、开窗方位及开窗点位置,消除压裂破碎带影响;通过地应力研究,采取沿地应力最大主应力方位钻进,降低页岩剥落垮塌几率;通过井眼轨道、钻具组合、钻头的优化优选降低施工难度,结合倒划眼施工预案和针对性井控设计,最大限度削减施工风险、避免事故复杂;使得该井顺利完钻并达到地质目标。

Metabolomic Fingerprint of the Model Ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila Determined by Untargeted Profiling Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The ciliate Tetrahymena is a valuable model organism in the studies of ecotoxicology. Changes in intracellular metabolism are caused by exogenous chemicals in the environment. Intracellular metabolite changes signify toxic effects and can be monitored by metabolomics analysis. In this work, a protocol for the GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena was established. Different extraction solvents showed divergent effects on the metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena thermophila. The peak intensity of metabolites detected in the samples of extraction solvent Formula 1(F1) was the strongest and stable, while 61 metabolites were identified. Formula 1 showed an excellent extraction performance for carbohydrates. In the samples of extraction solvent Formula 2(F2), 66 metabolites were characterized, and fatty acid metabolites were extracted. Meanwhile, 57 and 58 metabolites were characterized in the extraction with Formula 3(F3) and Formula 4(F4), respectively. However, the peak intensity of the metabolites was low, and the metabolites were unstable. These results indicated that different extraction solvents substantially affected the detected coverage and peak intensity of intracellular metabolites. A total of 74 metabolites(19 amino acids, 11 organic acids, 2 inorganic acids, 11 fatty acids, 11 carbohydrates, 3 glycosides, 4 alcohols, 6 amines, and 7 other compounds) were identified in all experimental groups. Among these metabolites, amino acids, glycerol, myoinositol, and unsaturated fatty acids may become potential biomarkers of metabolite set enrichment analysis for detecting the ability of T. thermophila against environmental stresses.

Planktonic protist communities in semi-enclosed mariculture waters: temporal dynamics of functional groups and their responses to environmental conditions

The functional groups of planktonic protist communities and their responses to the changes of environmental conditions were investigated in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond in Qingdao,Shandong Province,China,during a six-month study period （a complete shrimp-culture cycle） from May to October 2002.The results reveal that： （1） the protist communities represented five trophic and functional groups of the species identified,about 60% were photoautotrophs,20% algivores,12% bacterivores,5% raptors and about 3% non-selectives;（2） the photoautotrophs,algivores and bacterivores were the primary contributors to the changes in the protist communities in short temporal scales,the succession of dominance typically being bacterivores→photoautotrophs→algivores,with the raptors dominating the protist communities in a single sample （early June）;（3） the photoautotrophs and non-selectives were the primary contributors to the peak of protist abundance in early October whereas the photoautotrophs,bacterivores,raptors and non-selectives mainly gave rise to two bimodal peaks of biomass in July and October respectively;（4） five functional groups of protist communities represented significant correlations with water nutrients （i.e.,NH 3-N,NO 3-N,and PO 4 ）,either alone or in combination with temperature,of which algivores and raptors were strongly correlated with phosphate and the concentration of Chl a,while bacterivores were strongly related to nitrogen and the concentration of bacteria.These findings confirm that planktonic protists are potentially useful bioindicators of water quality in the semi-enclosed mariculture system.

Morphogenetic Processes in Division of Uronemella filificum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida)

The morphogenetic processes of Uronemella filificum (Kahl, 1931) Song and Wilbert ①, were studied using protargol method. The stomatogenesis of U. filificum can be summarized as follows: membranelles 1-2, paroral membrane and scutica of the opisthe originate from the parental paroral membrane, while membranelle 3 in the opisthe develops from the parental scutica. The paroral membrane of the proter developes from the parental paroral membrane. The stomatogenetic sequences are similar to the previous descriptions for other related taxa. The phylogenetic position of Uronematidae is discussed in the light of morphogenetic data obtained.

Divisional morphogenesis in the marine ciliate Anteholosticha manca (Kahl,1932) Berger,2003 (Ciliophora:Urostylida)

The cortical development and macronuclear evolution of the marine hypotrichous ciliate Anteholosticha manca, collected from the coastal waters near Qingdao, China, were investigated using the protargol impregnation method. The morphogenesis of A. manca is generally typical for the genus, and can be characterized as the following features ： （ 1 ） in the proter, a new oral primordium is formed on the bottom （beneath the pellicle） of the buccal cavity, disorganization of the parental undulating membranes do not contribute to the formation of this primordium ; （2） FVT-cirral anlagen in both dividers develop independently, and very likely only a few midventral cirri join in the formation of these primordia; （ 3 ） both marginal row and dorsal kinety anlagen develop intrakinetally within the parental structure; （4） at the middle stage, macronuclear segments fuse together to form a single mass as observed in most of its related forms.

Morphological Studies on the Infraciliature of a Planktonic Ciliate,Tintinnopsis brasiliensis(Ciliophora:Tintinina)

A poorly-described marine planktonic ciliate, Tintinnopsis brasiliensis Kofoid ＆ Campbell, 1929, collected from the Taiping Cape of Qingdao, China, was morphologically investigated based on permanent preparation after protargol impregnation and was compared with other related congeners. According to the infraciliature, three ciliary groups can be recognized, which reveals a very stable structure among specimens and denotes that the pattern of infraciliature is, apart from the features of the lorica, a highly reliable criterion for species identification.

Taxonomic Studies on a New Marine Ciliate, Apocoleps magnus gen. nov., spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Colepidae), Isolated from Qingdao, China

The morphology and infraciliature of a new marine colepid ciliate, A＇pocoleps magnus gen. nov., spec. nov., are de- scribed based on living observations and silver impregnations. The new genus Apocoleps is characterized by having 8 （vs. 6 in most other related genera） armour tiers, spines at both ends of the cell, 3 adoral organelles and plates with 4 reniform uni-windows. Apo- coleps magnus spec. nov. is defined by the following features： body elongated and slightly curved, about 100-120p.mx 3545 lam in vivo; anterior tertiary tier plate with four uni-windows, most secondary and main tier plates with four uni-windows, posterior tertiary tier plate with two uni-windows; left plate margin slightly serrated; on average 23 transverse and 22 longitudinal ciliary rows; one terminal contractile vacuole; marine habitat.

Morphogenetic studies on Uronychia uncinata（Protozoa，Ciliophora）during its asexual division

Morphogenesis of cell division is investigated in Uronychia uncinata based on protargol impregnated apecimens. The conical morphogenetic events are similar to that known in other euplotids but exhibiting several characteristies: the oral primordium in proter being de novo developed in a subcortical pouch anterior to the parental AZM2; FC comes from anlage Ⅰ-Ⅲ; all frontoventral and transverse cirri in both proter and opisthe deriving from 5 cirral streaks; development of proter oral primordia causing partial replacement of old AZM1; caudal cirri coming from two DK anlagen.

Acute Toxicities of Potassium Permanganate, Formalin, and Lugol's Iodine Solution to a Marine Ciliate, Pleuronema coronatum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida)

Acute toxicities of potassium permanganate, formalin, and Lugol’s iodine solution to a commonly occurred marine ciliate Pleuronema coronatum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) were measured. Linear regression analysis of the results highlighted the close relationships between doses of the medicines and mortalities of the organisms, thus providing a capability to predict toxicity effects from the dose. Toxic effects of the medicines on the ciliates were described in the present paper, and the median lethal concentrations (LC 50 values) were given. Results of measurements indicated that 2 h-LC 50 and 12 h-LC 50 values of formalin on P. coronatum were 59.00×10 -6 and 43.57×10 -6, while those of Lugol’s solutions were 90.13 and 67.84×10 -6 respectively. The tolerance of P. coronatum to formalin is apparently lower than that to Lugol’s iodine solution and potassium permanganate is a suitable medicine to kill ciliates in short time.

Ecological functions of ciliated protozoa in marine ecosystem： effects of ammonium on the population growth of Euplotes vannus

The effects of ammonium on the population growth of the marine ciliate, Euplotes vannus, were examined using ecotoxicological method, h is showed that ammonium exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of the ciliate populations in a concentration-dependent way. Statistical analvsis reveals that the population growth dynamics exposed to ammoniunt-N concentration over 100mg/L are significantly different from that in the control at P 〈 0.05 level. Linear regression determined that the 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h and 84h IC50 values of ammonium-N are 19.68, 201.51, 167.49, 47.86, 50.43 and 43.11 concentration over 100mg/L, respectively （ P 〈 0.05; pH 8.2; salinity 28 ppt; temperature, 25℃ ）. The results indicate that the tolerance to ammonium in E. vannus is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, such as cuhured prawns and oysters. Therefore, it is believed that the high tolerance to ammonium is necessary for eiliated protozoa to play positive roles in maintaining and improving water quality in marine ecosystems, especially in the intensive aquacuhure waters with high-level ammonium. In addition, the correlation between /C50 values and exposure time was discussed.

银杏叶提取物治疗儿童原发性肾病综合征的Meta分析

目的:予以小儿肾病综合征患者激素并辅之以银杏叶提取物的治疗效果的相关文献的Meta分析,为临床实践提供更多的依据与更具安全性的指导。方法:通过互联网搜索知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库(VIP)以及Pubmed和读秀数据库,收集激素辅之以银杏叶提取物治疗小儿肾病综合征的随机对照实验的相关文献,检索时间一律自创库起始时起,到2019年4月为止。同时,规定相关标准以排除不必要文献并采纳符合标准的银杏叶提取物相关的文献,继之由2名符合要求的人员独立对每个文献行资料筛选、提取以及质量的评价,最后利用RevMan5.3软件对之行meta分析。结果:根据所制标准,一共收纳12篇国内研究,743例患者。Meta分析结果显示,辅助银杏叶提取物治疗组的完全缓解率、总缓解率均明显高于对照组(OR=1.56,95%CI=1.11~2.20,P=0.010;OR=5.56,95%CI=3.42~9.03,P<0.00001);与对照组相比,辅助银杏叶提取物治疗组的血浆白蛋白升高更明显(MD=52.36,95%CI=50.81~53.90,P<0.00001);辅助银杏叶提取物治疗组的24小时尿蛋白降低更明显(MD=-84.53,95%CI=-123.83^-45.22,P<0.00001)。关于银杏叶提取物安全性的研究中,辅助银杏叶提取物治疗组与无辅助银杏叶提取物治疗组的对比分析中,胃肠道反应等,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:辅助银杏叶提取物治疗组与无辅助银杏叶提取物治疗组相较,血浆白蛋白升高明显,24h蛋白尿改善显著。由于符合标准的纳入文献,其质量普遍不高,故需较之更高质量的大量研究来更进一步的验证激素辅助银杏叶提取物治疗的临床疗效。

On four closely related hypotrichous ciliates(Protozoa,Ciliophora,Spirotrichea):molecular characters,interspecific relationships and phylogeny defined with multigene sequence information

In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates,Holosticha-complex,four closely related holostichids（five populations）,Holosticha bradburyae,H.diademata,Anteholosticha sp.,and A.manca,were compared and analyzed using ITS2 secondary structures,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSrRNA gene sequences.The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of these four species were first sequenced,and they shared sequence identities ranging from 68.0% to 90.1%,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.differed in three nucleotides（sequence identity 99.8%）.There were several minor differences among ITS2 secondary structures of these species,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.had the identical secondary structure.Phylogenetic trees inferred from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of stichotrichs using multiple algorithms（Neighbor-Joining,Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian） revealed similar topologies.The results show that：（1） Holosticha bradburyae and H.diademata firmly clustered together with strong bootstrap supports,forming a sister clade with Anteholosticha sp.,（2） Anteholosticha appeared to be a paraphyletic assemblage,in which the morphotype A.manca was more closely related to Diaxonella trimarginata than to its congener Anteholosticha sp.Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSrRNA gene and the combined sequences of SSrRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region revealed the similar relationships between Holosticha and Anteholosticha,nevertheless their positions within the subclass Stichotrichia differed from each other inferred from different genes.

Evolution of discocephalid ciliates:Molecular,morphological and ontogenetic data support a sister group of discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids (Protozoa,Ciliophora) with establishment of a new suborder Pseudoamphisiellina subord.n.

Discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids are possibly two of the most confused groups among hypotrichous/euplotid ciliates regarding their systematic position and phylogenetic relationships.The former were often regarded as related to euplotids while the latter,in the absence of molecular data,were mostly assigned to the urostylid-like hypotrichs.In the present work,the small subunit rRNA genes of several rarely observed discocephalid and pseudoamphisiellid genera were analyzed to obtain insights into the phylogenetic relationships of these highly ambiguous Spirotrichea.Four different tree reconstruction algorithms yielded nearly identical topologies,which indicated both groups belong to the same assemblage.This assemblage is clearly isolated as a deep-branching clade and invariably positioned between Euplotida and Hypotricha.The sister group relationship of the Pseudoamphisiellidae and Discocephalidae supports the previous suggestion that they might represent an ordinal taxon,the Discocephalida.Both morphological and morphogenetic features indicate that the pseudoamphisiellids should be placed in the order Discocephalida but as a sister group to other typical discocephalids.Thus we propose establishing a new suborder,Pseudoamphisiellina subord.n.The new taxon is diagnosed by the following characteristics:(i) two distantly separated midventral rows that are morphogenetically formed with an urostylid mode;(ii) absence of the "frontoterminal row",which is formed from the posterior-most frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage in all other typical urostylids;(iii) numerous caudal cirri that derive from each of the dorsal kinety anlagen;(iv) right marginal row that has a unique de novo origin;and (v) inhabiting periphytic communities.The validity of the suborder Pseudoamphisiellina is firmly supported by molecular data.