2-丁基-1-正辛醇萃取硼酸的动力学研究

采用恒界面池法研究了2-丁基-1-正辛醇萃取剂萃取硼酸的动力学,考察了相界面面积、搅拌转速、反应物浓度和反应温度等因素对萃取速率的影响。结果表明萃取体系的萃取过程发生在两相界面区域,萃取反应受扩散和化学反应共同控制,主要扩散阻力区集中在水相,2-丁基-1-正辛醇/煤油从卤水中萃取硼酸的动力学速率方程为,其萃取硼酸的表观活化能为19.038 kJ·mol^-1。

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System

In this work, problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N, N-bi-(2-ethylhexyl) acetamide (N523) during lithium extraction was investigated, and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20%N523-30%TBP-50% kerosene. The effects of brine acidity, Fe/Li molarity ratio, phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity=0.05 mol/L, Fe/Li molarity ratio=1.3, and phase ratio=2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as (LiFeCl 4 · n N523 · m TBP)·(2- n )N523 ·(2- m )TBP (m+n=2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily, and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic (ΔH <0) and spontaneous (ΔG <0) reaction, and the degree of disorder increased (ΔS >0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.

咸宁幕阜山片区农业绿色发展研究

在五个发展理念的指引下,咸宁幕阜山片区始终坚持走绿色农业发展道路,积极打造绿色产业经济带,但还没有形成系统的实践体系和整体实施思路。因此,本文基于创新驱动和乡村振兴战略,分析咸宁幕阜山片区绿色农业发展的成效和制约因素,提出咸宁幕阜山片区的绿色农业发展要基于自身的绿色资源禀赋,发挥地方比较优势,在绿色农业的主体培育、金融服务、科技发展等方面进行制度完善和创新,推进美丽乡村建设。

含锂卤水中锂资源高效利用与绿色分离的新型萃取体系

针对现有高镁锂比盐湖卤水、碳酸锂产业排放的碱性料液、废旧锂电池回收液等含锂溶液的萃取分离技术现状以及高效、清洁、高值化利用的重大需求及关键基础科学问题,设计合成出数十种酰胺类、磷酸酯类以及双酮类锂特效萃取剂,通过对该类萃取剂的表征与不同放大规模的研究,筛选出多个具有工业应用前景的锂萃取体系,研发出适合我国盐湖卤水锂资源特点的、经济上可行的具有自主知识产权的分离提取锂的新萃取体系与工艺,突破高镁锂比盐湖卤水提锂这一世界性技术难题。经过产业化应用研究,萃取法从高镁锂比盐湖卤水中分离提取锂的技术,在锂镁选择性分离以及资源高效利用率方面已经凸显出了比现有任何提锂工艺更加优异的效果,为我国盐湖资源高效、清洁、高值化利用提供科学依据,提升我国在盐湖锂分离领域的国际地位和竞争力。

纳米及微米级六角片状氢氧化镁的制备

以氯化钠为底料,水氯镁石和氢氧化钠为原料,不添加任何添加剂,采用双柱沉淀—水热法制备粒度分布均匀、分散性良好的氢氧化镁。研究了进料速度、2N_(Mg)/N_(Na)、物料浓度、水热温度、水热时间等因素对氢氧化镁粒径、形貌、过滤性能的影响。通过粒度分析仪、X射线衍射仪、低真空扫描电子显微镜对产品的粒度分布、结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,本研究得到的样品分散性好,粒度分布均匀,形貌为规则的六角片状,粒径为400~600 nm的纳米级氢氧化镁或者1~2μm的微米级氢氧化镁。