Nitrogen doping has been widely used to improve the performance of carbon electrodes in supercapacitors,particularly in terms of their high-frequency response.However,the charge storage and electrolyte ion response me...Nitrogen doping has been widely used to improve the performance of carbon electrodes in supercapacitors,particularly in terms of their high-frequency response.However,the charge storage and electrolyte ion response mechanisms of different nitrogen dopants at high frequencies are still unclear.In this study,melamine foam carbons with different configurations of surfacedoped N were formed by gradient carbonization,and the effects of the configurations on the high-frequency response behavior of the supercapacitors were analyzed.Using a combination of experiments and first-principle calculations,we found that pyrrolic N,characterized by a higher adsorption energy,increases the charge storage capacity of the electrode at high frequencies.On the other hand,graphitic N,with a lower adsorption energy,increases the speed of ion response.We propose the use of adsorption energy as a practical descriptor for electrode/electrolyte design in high-frequency applications,offering a more universal approach for improving the performance of N-doped carbon materials in supercapacitors.展开更多
近年来,人们对利用低温炭化工艺制备煤基无定形炭材料作为锂离子电池(LIBs)和钠离子电池(SIBs)的负极材料产生了兴趣。然而,煤衍生炭材料的炭化机制仍然不太清楚。因此,本文选取烟煤为原料,探究了煤炭到无定形炭材料的化学、微晶和孔隙...近年来,人们对利用低温炭化工艺制备煤基无定形炭材料作为锂离子电池(LIBs)和钠离子电池(SIBs)的负极材料产生了兴趣。然而,煤衍生炭材料的炭化机制仍然不太清楚。因此,本文选取烟煤为原料,探究了煤炭到无定形炭材料的化学、微晶和孔隙结构演变过程。随着温度的升高(低于1000℃),材料结构发生局部变化,碳层的迁移和小分子物质的释放导致了层间距(3.69-3.82A)和缺陷密度(1.26-1.90)逐渐增大,并且产生了丰富的纳米微孔结构。当温度升至1000~1600℃时,层间距和缺陷密度开始逐渐减小。在LIBs中,经1000℃炭化制备的样品表现出最佳的电化学性能。在0.1 C倍率测试下可逆容量达到384 mAh g^(-1),在5 C倍率下仍能保持170 mAh g^(-1),表现出优异的倍率性能。在SIBs中,经1200℃炭化制备的样品在0.1 C倍率测试下具有270.1 mAh g^(-1)的可逆容量和高达86.8%的首次库伦效率。本研究为煤基炭材料的精细化制备提供了理论支撑。展开更多
锂硫电池作为高能量密度的二次电池存在硫的低导电性和多硫化物的穿梭效应等问题。通过制备高还原度的氧化石墨烯隔膜,并将其应用于锂硫电池。利用石墨烯片层形成的空间位阻和小介孔结构,可阻挡多硫化物的迁移以及其高导电性可减弱电池...锂硫电池作为高能量密度的二次电池存在硫的低导电性和多硫化物的穿梭效应等问题。通过制备高还原度的氧化石墨烯隔膜,并将其应用于锂硫电池。利用石墨烯片层形成的空间位阻和小介孔结构,可阻挡多硫化物的迁移以及其高导电性可减弱电池极化。在0.2 C下,采用高还原氧化石墨烯隔膜的锂硫电池初始比容量达到了1143.2 m Ah/g,经过100次循环后容量保持率为74.25%。此外,在2 C下仍有626.1 m Ah/g的比容量。表明高还原氧化石墨烯隔膜可以有效提升锂硫电池的电化学性能,体现出卓越的长循环稳定性和杰出的倍率性能。展开更多
文摘Nitrogen doping has been widely used to improve the performance of carbon electrodes in supercapacitors,particularly in terms of their high-frequency response.However,the charge storage and electrolyte ion response mechanisms of different nitrogen dopants at high frequencies are still unclear.In this study,melamine foam carbons with different configurations of surfacedoped N were formed by gradient carbonization,and the effects of the configurations on the high-frequency response behavior of the supercapacitors were analyzed.Using a combination of experiments and first-principle calculations,we found that pyrrolic N,characterized by a higher adsorption energy,increases the charge storage capacity of the electrode at high frequencies.On the other hand,graphitic N,with a lower adsorption energy,increases the speed of ion response.We propose the use of adsorption energy as a practical descriptor for electrode/electrolyte design in high-frequency applications,offering a more universal approach for improving the performance of N-doped carbon materials in supercapacitors.
文摘近年来,人们对利用低温炭化工艺制备煤基无定形炭材料作为锂离子电池(LIBs)和钠离子电池(SIBs)的负极材料产生了兴趣。然而,煤衍生炭材料的炭化机制仍然不太清楚。因此,本文选取烟煤为原料,探究了煤炭到无定形炭材料的化学、微晶和孔隙结构演变过程。随着温度的升高(低于1000℃),材料结构发生局部变化,碳层的迁移和小分子物质的释放导致了层间距(3.69-3.82A)和缺陷密度(1.26-1.90)逐渐增大,并且产生了丰富的纳米微孔结构。当温度升至1000~1600℃时,层间距和缺陷密度开始逐渐减小。在LIBs中,经1000℃炭化制备的样品表现出最佳的电化学性能。在0.1 C倍率测试下可逆容量达到384 mAh g^(-1),在5 C倍率下仍能保持170 mAh g^(-1),表现出优异的倍率性能。在SIBs中,经1200℃炭化制备的样品在0.1 C倍率测试下具有270.1 mAh g^(-1)的可逆容量和高达86.8%的首次库伦效率。本研究为煤基炭材料的精细化制备提供了理论支撑。
文摘锂硫电池作为高能量密度的二次电池存在硫的低导电性和多硫化物的穿梭效应等问题。通过制备高还原度的氧化石墨烯隔膜,并将其应用于锂硫电池。利用石墨烯片层形成的空间位阻和小介孔结构,可阻挡多硫化物的迁移以及其高导电性可减弱电池极化。在0.2 C下,采用高还原氧化石墨烯隔膜的锂硫电池初始比容量达到了1143.2 m Ah/g,经过100次循环后容量保持率为74.25%。此外,在2 C下仍有626.1 m Ah/g的比容量。表明高还原氧化石墨烯隔膜可以有效提升锂硫电池的电化学性能,体现出卓越的长循环稳定性和杰出的倍率性能。