多固废协同制备再生可控性低强度材料及其性能研究

可控性低强度材料(CLSM)是一种替代传统级配砂石回填的新型回填材料,具有良好的工作性和力学性能。为了提高CLSM中固废利用率,减少水泥用量,降低工程成本和施工难度,利用再生微粉、矿渣粉等固废材料配合盾构渣土制备CLSM,并通过SEM分析不同配比CLSM水化产物的微观形貌。结果显示,多固废协同制备的CLSM流动度可控制在135~215 mm,抗压强度可控制在3.40~5.93 MPa。再生微粉最佳掺量为20%,矿渣粉最佳掺量为30%,抗压强度最高可达5.93 MPa。再生微粉与矿渣粉复掺可以相互促进,将更多的水泥产物CH转化为C-S-H凝胶物质填补孔隙结构,提高材料结构强度。

Studies of the Anomaly of Hall Coefficient in High T_(c) Superconducting Thin Films

Measurements of the Hall coefficient(RH)were carried out for a polycrystalline YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-y) film,a well oriented YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-y) film and an oriented GdBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-y) film.Sign change of RH was observed for the two YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-y) films near Tc,but not for the GdBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-y) film which contains partly the component of(110)orientation.The RH anisotropy model proposed previously turns out to be incorrect.Why the YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-y) films experience sign change of RH while the GdBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-y) film does not is tentatively investigated.

极寒条件下热老化油的介电和击穿特性研究

为研究极寒条件下热老化油的介电性能和击穿特性,以45#变压器油为研究对象,在146℃下加速热老化15天,制备出不同老化程度(酸值分别为0.034、0.181、0.215 mgKOH/g)的变压器油,搭建低温测试平台,对不同老化程度的变压器油的介电性能和击穿特性进行测量和分析。结果表明:随着温度的降低,热老化油样的相对介电常数呈线性增加,电导率和介质损耗因数先增大后减小,在-10℃附近达到峰值;击穿电压整体上呈先减小后增大的趋势,在-10℃附近达到极小值。随着老化天数的增加,油中酸值不断增大,油样的相对介电常数、电导率和介质损耗因数都有所增加,且酸值越大,增加幅度越明显;老化程度较低的油样击穿电压与原样差别不大,而老化程度较高的油样(酸值为0.215 mgKOH/g)击穿电压比原样平均降低了39.9%,最大降幅在-10℃附近可达53.6%。

地球等离子体层嘶声的内部源区

地球等离子体层是向阳侧中低纬度电离层沿着闭合磁力线向上的自然延伸,其中所出现的一类频率覆盖数十赫兹至数千赫兹的哨声模波动称为等离子体层嘶声.自发现以来,等离子体层嘶声就被广泛认为是沉降损失辐射带高能电子的主要等离子体波动之一.但是,等离子体层嘶声的起源一直没有定论.潜在的来源分成两类:一类为等离子体层内部背景等离子体噪声,另一类为等离子体层外部波动.2012年发射升空的Van Allen Probes搭载了完备的磁层粒子、场和波动探测仪器,为这一问题的解决带来了新的机遇.本文综述了近5年来利用Van Allen Probes探索等离子体层嘶声内部源区的研究工作,强调背景等离子体噪声可以通过高能电子线性和非线性不稳定性叠加放大成可观测的嘶声,突出内源的广泛分布特性,即在结构上涵盖等离子体层核心和羽流,在地方时上涵盖向阳和背阳侧等离子体层,在径向距离上涵盖外层和内层等离子体层.

First results of the low energy ion spectrometer onboard a Chinese geosynchronous satellite

A Chinese geosynchronous satellite was launched on June 23,2020.It carried a plasma detection package to monitor the space environment around the orbit.Here we report the inflight performance of a low energy ion spectrometer(LEIS),one of the primary instruments in the plasma detection package,and its initial observations in flight.Benefiting from the state-of-the-art design of a top-hat electrostatic analyzer cooperated with angular scanning deflectors,three-dimensional measurement of ions in space with a large field of view of 360°×90°and a wide energy range from 50 eV to 25 keV per charge has been achieved.The differential energy flux spectra of ions around the orbit have shown clear signatures of surface charging and storm/substorm ion injections.The occurrence of surface charging could be caused by the lack of photoemission at the Earth's eclipse(near the midnight)or the storm energetic electron injection at the dawn sector.The present results demonstrated a good performance of the LEIS payload in flight for monitoring the space ion environment around the orbit.In situ measurements of the LEIS payload provide us an opportunity to understand the magnetospheric ion dynamics and forecast the associate space weather impacts.

In-flight calibration of the magnetometer on the Mars orbiter of Tianwen-1

Mars orbiter magnetometer(MOMAG)is one of seven science payloads onboard Tianwen-1’s orbiter.Unlike most of the satellites,Tianwen-1’s orbiter is not magnetically cleaned,and the boom where placed the magnetometer’s sensors is not long enough.These pose many challenges to the magnetic field data processing.In this study,we introduce the in-flight calibration process of the Tianwen-1/MOMAG.The magnetic interference including spacecraft generated dynamic field and the slowlychanging zero offsets are cleaned in sequence.Then the calibrated magnetic field data are compared with the data from the Mars atmosphere and volatile Evolutio N(MAVEN).We find that some physical structures in the solar wind are consistent between the two data sets,and the distributions of the magnetic field strength in the solar wind are very similar.These results suggest that the in-flight calibration of the MOMAG is successful and the MOMAG provides reliable data for scientific research.

Dynamic variation and the fast acceleration of particles in Earth's radiation belt

We have quantitatively investigated the radiation belt's dynamic variations of 1.5-6.0 MeV electrons during 54 CME (coronal mass ejection)-driven storms from 1993 to 2003 and 26 CIR (corotating interaction region)-driven recurrent storms in 1995 by utilizing case and statistical studies based on the data from the SAMPEX satellite. It is found that the boundaries determined by fitting an exponential to the flux as a function of L shell obtained in this study agree with the observed outer and inner boundaries of the outer radiation belt. Furthermore, we have constructed the Radiation Belt Content (RBC) index by integrating the number density of electrons between those inner and outer boundaries. According to the ratio of the maximum RBC index during the recovery phase to the pre-storm average RBC index, we conclude that CME-driven storms produce more relativistic electrons than CIR-driven storms in the entire outer radiation belt, although the relativistic electron fluxes during CIR-related storms are much higher than those during CME-related storms at geosynchronous orbit. The physical radiation belt model STEERB is based on the three-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation and includes the physical processes of local wave-particle interactions, radial diffusion, and adiabatic transport. Due to the limitation of numerical schemes, formal radiation belt models do not include the cross diffusion term of local wave-particle interactions. The numerical experiments of STEERB have shown that the energetic electron fluxes can be overestimated by a factor of 5 or even several orders (depending on the pitch angle) if the cross diffusion term is ignored. This implies that the cross diffusion term is indispensable for the evaluation of radiation belt electron fluxes. Formal radiation belt models often adopt dipole magnetic field; the time varying Hilmer-Voigt geomagnetic field was adopted by the STEERB model, which self-consistently included the adiabatic transport process. The test simulations clearly indicate that the adiabatic process can significantly affect the evolution of radiation belt electrons. The interactions between interplanetary shocks and magnetosphere can excite ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere; the excited polodial mode ULF wave can cause the fast acceleration of "killer electrons". The acceleration mechanism of energetic electrons by poloidal and toroidal mode ULF wave is different at different L shells. The acceleration of energetic electrons by the toroidal mode ULF waves becomes important in the region with a larger L shell (the outer magnetosphere); in smaller L shell regions (the inner magnetosphere), the poloidal mode ULF becomes responsible for the acceleration of energetic electrons.

A low-energy ion spectrometer with half-space entrance for three-axis stabilized spacecraft

A low-energy ion spectrometer(LEIS) for use aboard three-axis stabilized spacecraft has been developed to measure ion energy per charge distribution in three-dimensional space with good energy-, angular-and temporal-resolutions. For the standard top-hat electrostatic analyzer used widely in space plasma detection, three-axis stabilized spacecraft makes it difficult to obtain complete coverage of all possible ion arrival directions. We have designed angular scanning deflectors supplementing to a cylindrically symmetric top-hat electrostatic analyzer to provide a half-space field of view as 360°×90°(–45°–+45°), and fabricated the LEIS flight model for detecting magnetospheric ions in geosynchronous orbit. The performance of this payload has been evaluated in detail by a series of simulation and environmental tests, and the payload has also been calibrated through laboratory experiments using a low-energy ion source. The results show that capabilities of the LEIS payload are in accordance with the requirements of a magnetospheric mission.

Three-dimensional ray-tracing simulation of fast magnetoacoustic waves in a stratified solar atmosphere

In the solar atmosphere, there exist two frequently-observed phenomena, Moreton waves and EIT(extreme-ultraviolet imaging telescope) waves, whose physical nature is still under debate. In this work, we perform a three-dimensional ray-tracing simulation for the propagation of fast magnetoacoustic waves. We build a stratified solar atmosphere model and take partial ionization into consideration to give an exact description of chromosphere and transition region. The calculated result is compared with a flare event observation in which both Moreton waves and EIT waves were present. In agreement with observations, the calculated wavefront show different kinematical characteristics in different propagation directions during different times.Moreton waves and EIT waves have higher propagation speeds near the active region where the magnetic field strength is strong. The result suggests that both Moreton waves and EIT waves of this event can be interpreted as the fast magnetoacoustic waves propagating at different heights in the solar atmosphere.