Oil, protein and starch are key chemical components of maize kernels. A population of 245 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from a cross between a high-oil inbred line, By804, and a regular inbred line, B73, was ...Oil, protein and starch are key chemical components of maize kernels. A population of 245 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from a cross between a high-oil inbred line, By804, and a regular inbred line, B73, was used to dissect the genetic interrelationships among oil, starch and protein content at the individual QTL level by unconditional and conditional QTL mapping. Combined phenotypic data over two years with a genetic linkage map constructed using 236 markers, nine, five and eight unconditional QTL were detected for oil, protein and starch content, respectively. Some QTL for oil, protein and starch content were clustered in the same genomic regions and the direction of their effects was consistent with the sign of their correlation. In conditional QTL mapping, 37(29/8) unconditional QTL were not detected or showed reduced effects, four QTL demonstrated similar effects under unconditional and conditional QTL mapping, and 17 additional QTL were identified by conditional QTL mapping. These results imply that there is a strong genetic relationship among oil, protein and starch content in maize kernels. The information generated in the present investigation could be helpful in marker-assisted breeding for maize varieties with desirable kernel quality traits.展开更多
Carotenoids are antioxidants and vitamin A precursors that have important roles in human health. Hence, improving the carotenoid contents in maize kernels is a priority objective for breeders in order to obtain nutrit...Carotenoids are antioxidants and vitamin A precursors that have important roles in human health. Hence, improving the carotenoid contents in maize kernels is a priority objective for breeders in order to obtain nutritional biofortification outcomes. In the current study, the genetic architecture of carotenoids in maize kernels was explored using a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between inbred lines By804 and B73. A total of 81 QTLs were detected by using a high-density bin map and a simple sequence repeat(SSR)-based linkage map, with one to seven QTLs for each trait explaining 4.21%–47.53% of the phenotypic variation. A comparison of the QTL mapping efficiency between the two linkage maps revealed that the high-density bin map had higher resolution. In the current study 46 additional QTLs were identified, with 16 being common with previous studies and14 newly identified. Among the results, 29.6%(24/81) of QTLs explained > 10% of the phenotypic variation in the RIL population, and 70.4%(57/81) explained ≤ 10%. These results suggest that a few large-effect QTLs, together with a variable number of minor-effect QTLs,contributed to most of the genetic components of carotenoids in maize kernels.展开更多
By adding thirty-one markers in the pre- vious linkage map, a new genetic linkage map con- taining 205 markers was constructed, spanning a total of 2305.4 cM with an average interval of 11.2 cM. The genotypic errors i...By adding thirty-one markers in the pre- vious linkage map, a new genetic linkage map con- taining 205 markers was constructed, spanning a total of 2305.4 cM with an average interval of 11.2 cM. The genotypic errors in the whole genome were de- tected by the statistical method and removed manu- ally. The precision of the linkage map was improved significantly. Main and epistatic QTL were detected by R/qtl, and main QTL were confirmed and refined by multiple interval mapping (MIM). Finally, MIM de- tected seven QTL for rows number, and five QTL for each grain yield, kernels per row and 100-kernel weight. The contribution to genetic variations of QTL varied from 35.3% for grain yield to 61.5% for rows number. Only kernels per row exhibited significant epistatic interactions between QTL. Twenty-four epistatic QTL were detected which distributed on almost all the ten chromosomes. About two-third epistatic QTL were observed between main QTL and another locus, which had no significant effects. These results indicate rather clearly that there are a number of QTL affecting trait expressions, not directly but indirectly through interactions with other loci. Thus, epistatic QTL effects may play a crucial role, if not more important than main QTL effects, in the genetic variation for the measured traits in present study.展开更多
This paper presents a study on thickness dependent physical properties of cadmium selenide thin films. The films of thickness 445, 631 and 810 nm were deposited employing thermal evaporation technique on glass and ITO...This paper presents a study on thickness dependent physical properties of cadmium selenide thin films. The films of thickness 445, 631 and 810 nm were deposited employing thermal evaporation technique on glass and ITO-coated glass substrates followed by thermal annealing in air atmosphere at 200 °C. These films were subjected to X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and electrometer for structural, optical,surface morphological and electrical analysis respectively. The structural analysis reveals that the films are nanocrystalline in nature with cubic phase and preferred orientation（111）. The crystallographic parameters such as lattice constant, interplanar spacing, grain size, internal strain, dislocation density, number of crystallites per unit area and texture coefficient are calculated and discussed. The optical band gap is found in the range 1.75-1.92 e V and observed to increase with thickness.The SEM study shows that the annealed films are uniform, fully covered and well defined. The electrical analysis shows that the conductivity is varied with film thickness and found within the order of semiconductor behavior.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology Research Program of China (No. 2012AA101104)
文摘Oil, protein and starch are key chemical components of maize kernels. A population of 245 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from a cross between a high-oil inbred line, By804, and a regular inbred line, B73, was used to dissect the genetic interrelationships among oil, starch and protein content at the individual QTL level by unconditional and conditional QTL mapping. Combined phenotypic data over two years with a genetic linkage map constructed using 236 markers, nine, five and eight unconditional QTL were detected for oil, protein and starch content, respectively. Some QTL for oil, protein and starch content were clustered in the same genomic regions and the direction of their effects was consistent with the sign of their correlation. In conditional QTL mapping, 37(29/8) unconditional QTL were not detected or showed reduced effects, four QTL demonstrated similar effects under unconditional and conditional QTL mapping, and 17 additional QTL were identified by conditional QTL mapping. These results imply that there is a strong genetic relationship among oil, protein and starch content in maize kernels. The information generated in the present investigation could be helpful in marker-assisted breeding for maize varieties with desirable kernel quality traits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31361140362)the International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Plan(No.2016-X33)
文摘Carotenoids are antioxidants and vitamin A precursors that have important roles in human health. Hence, improving the carotenoid contents in maize kernels is a priority objective for breeders in order to obtain nutritional biofortification outcomes. In the current study, the genetic architecture of carotenoids in maize kernels was explored using a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between inbred lines By804 and B73. A total of 81 QTLs were detected by using a high-density bin map and a simple sequence repeat(SSR)-based linkage map, with one to seven QTLs for each trait explaining 4.21%–47.53% of the phenotypic variation. A comparison of the QTL mapping efficiency between the two linkage maps revealed that the high-density bin map had higher resolution. In the current study 46 additional QTLs were identified, with 16 being common with previous studies and14 newly identified. Among the results, 29.6%(24/81) of QTLs explained > 10% of the phenotypic variation in the RIL population, and 70.4%(57/81) explained ≤ 10%. These results suggest that a few large-effect QTLs, together with a variable number of minor-effect QTLs,contributed to most of the genetic components of carotenoids in maize kernels.
基金The authors thank Dr.E.Coe for providing RFLP probes.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.39893350)the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2001CB 1088).
文摘By adding thirty-one markers in the pre- vious linkage map, a new genetic linkage map con- taining 205 markers was constructed, spanning a total of 2305.4 cM with an average interval of 11.2 cM. The genotypic errors in the whole genome were de- tected by the statistical method and removed manu- ally. The precision of the linkage map was improved significantly. Main and epistatic QTL were detected by R/qtl, and main QTL were confirmed and refined by multiple interval mapping (MIM). Finally, MIM de- tected seven QTL for rows number, and five QTL for each grain yield, kernels per row and 100-kernel weight. The contribution to genetic variations of QTL varied from 35.3% for grain yield to 61.5% for rows number. Only kernels per row exhibited significant epistatic interactions between QTL. Twenty-four epistatic QTL were detected which distributed on almost all the ten chromosomes. About two-third epistatic QTL were observed between main QTL and another locus, which had no significant effects. These results indicate rather clearly that there are a number of QTL affecting trait expressions, not directly but indirectly through interactions with other loci. Thus, epistatic QTL effects may play a crucial role, if not more important than main QTL effects, in the genetic variation for the measured traits in present study.
基金financial support under UGC-BSR fellowship No.F.25-1/2013-14(BSR)/7-123/2007(BSR)
文摘This paper presents a study on thickness dependent physical properties of cadmium selenide thin films. The films of thickness 445, 631 and 810 nm were deposited employing thermal evaporation technique on glass and ITO-coated glass substrates followed by thermal annealing in air atmosphere at 200 °C. These films were subjected to X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and electrometer for structural, optical,surface morphological and electrical analysis respectively. The structural analysis reveals that the films are nanocrystalline in nature with cubic phase and preferred orientation（111）. The crystallographic parameters such as lattice constant, interplanar spacing, grain size, internal strain, dislocation density, number of crystallites per unit area and texture coefficient are calculated and discussed. The optical band gap is found in the range 1.75-1.92 e V and observed to increase with thickness.The SEM study shows that the annealed films are uniform, fully covered and well defined. The electrical analysis shows that the conductivity is varied with film thickness and found within the order of semiconductor behavior.
