35 GPa斜波加载下RDX单晶炸药的动力学行为

利用磁驱动斜波加载10 MA装置和激光干涉测速技术,开展了35 GPa压力下(100)晶向RDX单晶炸药的斜波压缩实验,获得了RDX单晶/LiF单晶窗口界面速度数据。实验结果显示,速度波剖面表现为明显的三波结构,由低到高依次对应弹性波、塑性波和相变波,α-γ相变的起始压力为3.1 GPa。结合修正的多相状态方程和非平衡相变动力学模型,对RDX单晶炸药的斜波压缩过程开展一维流体动力学数值模拟,模拟结果与实验结果基本一致。

HMX晶体高温相变及裂纹对点火的影响

炸药晶体的相结构、相变过程以及相变引起的微结构变化对炸药性能有重要影响。为研究HMX晶体的高温相变及其引起的裂纹对点火的影响,开展了HMX晶体的原位高温拉曼光谱、X射线衍射实验以及落锤实验。通过拉曼光谱和X射线衍射谱识别出不同温度加载和后处理方法对HMX晶体相结构和微结构的影响。制备了3类含有不同相结构和裂纹的HMX样品,实现了相结构和裂纹对点火影响的解耦。落锤实验结果显示,对于3类HMX晶体,按照敏感度由高到低排序依次为含裂纹的β-δ混相、含裂纹的β相、无裂纹的β相。最后,分析了高温相变和裂纹提高HMX晶体感度的原因。

非静水压下HMX炸药晶体的高压相变

HMX是一种性能优良的高能炸药,在武器工业中广泛使用。目前,HMX在高压下特别是非静水压下的相变规律仍存在争议。为此,采用不同的传压介质,开展了非静水压下HMX晶体的高压拉曼实验研究。结果表明,HMX晶体分别在4.9、13.9和17.5 GPa发生了结构相变。在13.9 GPa下,HMX开始发生相Ⅱ→相Ⅲ的相变,并在一定的压力范围内两相共存;当压力为17.5 GPa时,出现另一个新相(相Ⅳ),在17.5~23.6 GPa的压力范围内出现相Ⅱ、相Ⅲ和相Ⅳ三相共存现象。HMX晶体在非静水压下的相变路径与准静水压下的相变路径完全不同,非静水压环境下的压力梯度是造成该差异的原因。

Returned Migrants,Family Capital and Entrepreneurship in Rural China

This paper introduces an interaction item conslstmg of migration experience and family capital into a rural labor employment selection model.It analyzes how migration experience helps eliminate resource constraints in rural areas and facilitates the participation of rural workers in entrepreneurship.We find that the length of time migrants work in migrant inflow areas exerts a significantly positive influence on the non-agricultural employment of returned migrants.We also find that those returned migrants who have worked in the service industry prefer to work for local enterprises.Furthermore,returned migrant workers with business experience tend to start their own businesses upon returning home.Compared with non-migrants,returned migrants are more capable of utilizing their rural family capital in the entrepreneurial process.These findings suggest that both migration experience and family capital promote local employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas,despite the fact that they are subject to the imperfect rural market mechanism and lack adequate social support.