以牡丹籽壳为原料,利用大孔树脂和C18反相键合硅胶柱(C18柱)联合分离短叶松素,回收率为(98.33±0.64)%。用70%(体积分数)乙醇提取牡丹籽壳粗黄酮(Mu Dan Ke Flavonoids,MDKF),得率最高为(10.54±0.13)%;比较了6种大孔树脂(AB-8...以牡丹籽壳为原料,利用大孔树脂和C18反相键合硅胶柱(C18柱)联合分离短叶松素,回收率为(98.33±0.64)%。用70%(体积分数)乙醇提取牡丹籽壳粗黄酮(Mu Dan Ke Flavonoids,MDKF),得率最高为(10.54±0.13)%;比较了6种大孔树脂(AB-8、S-8、DM301、HPD600、HPD100和D101)的吸附率和解析率,发现S-8大孔树脂的吸附率和解析率最佳,分别为83.47%和84.46%;优化S-8大孔树脂分离MDKF的最佳条件为:上样液质量浓度1.6 mg/mL,上样液流速2.0 mL/min,洗脱剂乙醇体积分数60%,洗脱液流速1.5 mL/min,洗脱液体积100 mL;对经过C18柱分离后的组分进行LC-MS分析得到短叶松素,回收率为(98.33±0.64)%;分离前后抗氧化能力比较:C18纯化物>S-8大孔树脂纯化物>MDKF粗提物;分子对接实验表明,短叶松素与超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶均有结合能力,过氧化氢酶的结合能力最强为-9.1 kcal/mol。实验表明,短叶松素具有较好的抗氧化能力,可作为食品、药品或化妆品等抗氧化剂的添加,应用前景非常广泛,对牡丹籽壳的进一步开发利用提供理论支持。展开更多
Microplastics(<5 mm)are ubiquitous in the environment and can pose potential danger to the ecosystem and even human health.As the sink of microplastics,the ocean,especially the densely populated coastal area,has be...Microplastics(<5 mm)are ubiquitous in the environment and can pose potential danger to the ecosystem and even human health.As the sink of microplastics,the ocean,especially the densely populated coastal area,has become a hotspot for research on microplastic pollution.In the last decade,the research of marine microplastics has been rapidly increasing in China.This review summarized the microplastic research conducted in China marine waters so far,and introduced the trends and progress of microplastic research in the four seas along the coast of China.We reviewed and compared the current sampling,extraction,and identification methodologies of China's microplastic research.According to the sampling method,the 30 reviewed studies were separated into two categories,trawl sampling and bulk sampling,to summarize relevant data,including abundance,sizes,shapes,colors and polymer types of microplastics.The main results showed that the distribution of microplastics in China's marine environment varied significantly,with offshore mariculture zones and the South China Sea being the most contaminated areas.Transparent,granules(or pellets)and fibers were the most dominant microplastic colors and shapes,and the size of microplastics was influenced significantly by the sampling method.Polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP)and polystyrene(PS)were the most common polymer types found in the China Sea,accounting for 49.96%,29.97%,and 12.38%of the total studies,respectively.Compared with other global data,China's coastal microplastic pollution is at an intermediate level and does not seem to be a major microplastic pollution source.展开更多
Two sediment cores were retrieved in the hadal zone of the Yap Trench,and their concentrations of six major elements Mg,Al,Ca,Ti,Mn and Fe and nine trace elements Sr,Ba,Pb,V,Cr,Co,Ni,Cu and Zn were determined in induc...Two sediment cores were retrieved in the hadal zone of the Yap Trench,and their concentrations of six major elements Mg,Al,Ca,Ti,Mn and Fe and nine trace elements Sr,Ba,Pb,V,Cr,Co,Ni,Cu and Zn were determined in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).According to the vertical distribution profiles of the 15 elements,the correlation of their concentrations,the ratios of Ni/Co,V/Cr,Fe/Al,and Ti/Al,and morphological characteristics of the sediment samples,the implications of the depositional environment and the sediment provenance were analyzed.The results show that the ratio of Ni/Co in all depths of the two sediment cores were below 5,and the ratio of V/Cr were lower than 2,indicating that the depositional environment of the hadal zone in the trench was oxidative and might have inflow of the Antarctic bottom oxygen-rich water.The sediment samples on the eastern side of the trench were siliceous mud mainly composed of diatoms,radiolarian,and sponge needles from surface to deep layer.The vertical profile of the elements,the concentration of TOC and the fossil record indicated that the sediment sample from station Dive113 was well mixed from surface to bottom layer.Based on the correlation of concentrations of the elements,the morphological characteristics of the sediment,and the ratios of Fe/Al and Ti/Al,we inferred that the sediment in the hadal zone of the trench had terrestrial,volcanic,biological,and authigenic sources.Major source of the sediment in the eastern side of the trench were terrestrial;whereas the sediment in the western side of the trench received more volcaniclastic input.展开更多
背景:针对颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,C3椎板2种处理方式(C3椎板切除与C3椎板成形)的临床效果以及对术后颈椎功能的影响如何,相关客观评价较少,为此进行了此项研究。目的:系统评价颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术中C3椎板切除与C3椎板成形治...背景:针对颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,C3椎板2种处理方式(C3椎板切除与C3椎板成形)的临床效果以及对术后颈椎功能的影响如何,相关客观评价较少,为此进行了此项研究。目的:系统评价颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术中C3椎板切除与C3椎板成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Central、PubMed、EMbase、the ISI Web of Knowledge Database、CNKI、CMB、维普、万方数据库,检索时间均为建库时间至2018-07-01。纳入关于C3椎板切除和椎板成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病疗效对比的随机或非随机对照试验。Meta分析采用Cochrane协作网提供的Rev-Man5.3软件进行。结果与结论:①共纳入5个研究,316例患者,其中C3椎板切除组146例,C3椎板成形组170例;②Mate分析结果显示,在术后颈椎功能方面,与传统C3椎板成形相比,C3椎板切除术后颈椎活动度丢失较少[SMD=-5.89,95%CI(-7.25,-4.70),P <0.05]、术后轴性症状发生率低[SMD=-0.23,95%CI(0.12,0.46),P<0.05];③在神经功能恢复方面,2组术后日本骨科协会评分差异无显著性意义[SMD=-0.02,95%CI(-0.55,0.51),P=0.95> 0.05];④结果表明,采用椎管扩大成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病时C3椎板的2种处理方式(椎板切除或椎板成形)均能取得较好的临床效果,但椎板切除能有效防止颈椎活动度丢失、降低术后轴性症状发生率。展开更多
Using observations in an applied cruise of the submersible Jiaolong,water characteristics,geostrophic transport,and turbulent mixing in abyssal and hadal zones of the southern Yap Trench were studied.The spatial struc...Using observations in an applied cruise of the submersible Jiaolong,water characteristics,geostrophic transport,and turbulent mixing in abyssal and hadal zones of the southern Yap Trench were studied.The spatial structures of deep water show that the abyssal water is cold,saline,and oxygen rich.The hadal water has very small changes in potential temperature and potential density,and a little decrease in salinity and obvious decrease in oxygen.The isotherm,isopycnal,and isohaline are depressed in abyss over the central trench.The turbulent mixing is enhanced in the near-bottom zone and the hadal water on the trench slope,especially at the steep slope,the dissipation rate and diffusivity is strong,which weakens the stratification.The geostrophic flows move southward in the western region of the trench and northward in the eastern region,indicating cyclonic circulation.In the central region of the trench,the water transport is^1.74 Sv southward.In the hadal zone,the northward and southward transports are balanced.Our analysis suggests that the abyssal water in the southern Yap Trench is from Lower Circumpolar Water(LCPW)and the hadal water seems to be of the isolated local water rather than LCPW.展开更多
In this study,cored sediment samples collected by the Jiaolong Submersible at 6779 m depth from the hadal zone of the Yap Trench in May 2016 were sliced in 1-cm interval from top to bottom,and lipids in each sediment ...In this study,cored sediment samples collected by the Jiaolong Submersible at 6779 m depth from the hadal zone of the Yap Trench in May 2016 were sliced in 1-cm interval from top to bottom,and lipids in each sediment layer were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.The vertical distribution profiles of the lipids in the sediment sample,their main existing forms,and their possible sources were investigated.The results show that the concentration of lipid in the surface sediment was the highest with the carbon number from 12 to 27,dominated by medium and short-chain lipids.The total concentration of fatty acids in surface sediment was much higher than those in the offshore and deep-sea areas,being up to 325.77μg/g due to the funnel effect caused by the“V”terrain of the trench.Fatty acid 18:0 was the most abundant lipids in the sediment sample.Abnormal high concentrations of fatty acid 18:1ω7 and alkanes indicated the existence of hydrothermal fluids in the study area.In addition,saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids existed mainly in free form,and polyunsaturated fatty acids existed mainly in bound form.Most of the alkanes were in bound form,and their major source was autochthounous input.The carbon number of alcohols in the sediment sample ranged from 12 to 20,mainly existed in bound form.The source of fatty acids was mainly autochthonous input,and the neutral lipids had both marine and terrestrial origin.This is the first study of lipids in hadal sediment of the Yap Trench.The results will promote deeper understanding of organic carbon cycle in marine environment.展开更多
To identify the pathogen that causes scuticociliatosis in farmed-raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus , we isolated a ciliate from the brain tissue of an infected turbot and identifi ed it as Uronema marinum based on mo...To identify the pathogen that causes scuticociliatosis in farmed-raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus , we isolated a ciliate from the brain tissue of an infected turbot and identifi ed it as Uronema marinum based on morphological and molecular evidence. We then infected the turbots in artifi cial laboratory settings with pure cultured U . marinum . The infected turbots showed syndromes similar to those observed in naturally infected ones. Furthermore, microscopic examination and PCR detection confi rmed the presence of the ciliate in the tissues of those laboratory-infected turbots. To our best knowledge, this is the fi rst report of scuticociliatosis caused by U . marinum in farm-raised turbot S . maximus in China.展开更多
The water column in the open ocean can be divided into epipelagic(photic),mesopelagic,bathyal,abyssal and hadal zones by depth.In recent years,more and more research has been focusing on the marine environment below p...The water column in the open ocean can be divided into epipelagic(photic),mesopelagic,bathyal,abyssal and hadal zones by depth.In recent years,more and more research has been focusing on the marine environment below photic zone,especially the deep ocean.Oceanic trenches are considered as the deepest part of the ocean,providing ideal places for studying the physical,chemical,biological,and geological aspects of the marine environment from sea surface to the deep sea fl oor.However,limited by the high diffi culty to access and high cost in exploration,our understanding about oceanic trenches is still limited.Recently,with the development of series of manned and unmanned submersibles,we now have more opportunities to study the trench area.展开更多
The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides(MCHO),polysaccharides(PCHO),and total carbohydrates(TCHO)in the seawater samples collected from the north of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean were measured by...The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides(MCHO),polysaccharides(PCHO),and total carbohydrates(TCHO)in the seawater samples collected from the north of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean were measured by 2,4,6-tripyridine-s-triazine(TPTZ)spectrophotometry method.The results show that the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO ranged from 4.6 to 22.1μmol C/L,3.5 to 27.3μmol C/L,and 13.8 to 36.3μmol C/L,respectively.In different sampling stations,the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO with water depth showed complex variation patterns.In the study area,the maximum concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO occurred in the euphotic layer and the minimum concentrations occurred in mesopelagic seawater layer.Generally,the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO decreased with water depth from the euphotic layer to the hadal zone.The average value of PCHO/TCHO was higher than the average value of MCHO/TCHO,indicating that PCHO was the main component of TCHO in north of the Yap Trench.展开更多
Biological CO2 sequestration by microalgae is a promising and environmentally friendly technology applied to sequester CO2. The characteristics of neutral lipid accumulation by two marine oil-rich microalgal strains,n...Biological CO2 sequestration by microalgae is a promising and environmentally friendly technology applied to sequester CO2. The characteristics of neutral lipid accumulation by two marine oil-rich microalgal strains,namely, Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis sp., through CO2 enrichment cultivation were investigated in this study. The optimum culture conditions of the two microalgal strains are 10% CO2 and f medium. The maximum biomass productivity, total lipid content, maximum lipid productivity, carbon content, and CO2 fixation ability of the two microalgal strains were obtained. The corresponding parameters of the two strains were as follows：（（142.42±4.58） g/（m^2·d）,（149.92±1.80） g/（m^2·d））,（（39.95±0.77）%,（37.91±0.58）%）,（（84.47±1.56） g/（m^2·d）,（89.90±1.98） g/（m^2·d））,（（45.98±1.75）%,（46.88±2.01）%）, and（（33.74±1.65） g/（m^2·d）,（34.08±1.32） g/（m^2·d））. Results indicated that the two marine microalgal strains with high CO2 fixation ability are potential strains for marine biodiesel development coupled with CO2 emission reduction.展开更多
Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not mee...Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not meet the requirements of analysis for time-sensitive samples and/or complicated environmental samples. Since energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) can be used to simultaneously detect multiple elements in a sample, including sulfur, with minimal sample treatment, this technology was applied to detect sulfur-oxidizing bacteria using their high sulfur content within the cell. This article describes the application of scanning electron microscopy imaging coupled with EDS mapping for quick detection of sulfur oxidizers in contaminated environmental water samples, with minimal sample handling. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the existence of dense granules within the bacterial cells, while EDS identified large amounts of sulfur within them. EDS mapping localized the sulfur to these granules. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacteria detected in our samples belonged to the genus Chromatium, which are sulfur oxidizers. Thus, EDS mapping made it possible to identify sulfur oxidizers in environmental samples based on localized sulfur within their cells, within a short time(within 24 h of sampling). This technique has wide ranging applications for detection of sulfur bacteria in environmental water samples.展开更多
文摘以牡丹籽壳为原料,利用大孔树脂和C18反相键合硅胶柱(C18柱)联合分离短叶松素,回收率为(98.33±0.64)%。用70%(体积分数)乙醇提取牡丹籽壳粗黄酮(Mu Dan Ke Flavonoids,MDKF),得率最高为(10.54±0.13)%;比较了6种大孔树脂(AB-8、S-8、DM301、HPD600、HPD100和D101)的吸附率和解析率,发现S-8大孔树脂的吸附率和解析率最佳,分别为83.47%和84.46%;优化S-8大孔树脂分离MDKF的最佳条件为:上样液质量浓度1.6 mg/mL,上样液流速2.0 mL/min,洗脱剂乙醇体积分数60%,洗脱液流速1.5 mL/min,洗脱液体积100 mL;对经过C18柱分离后的组分进行LC-MS分析得到短叶松素,回收率为(98.33±0.64)%;分离前后抗氧化能力比较:C18纯化物>S-8大孔树脂纯化物>MDKF粗提物;分子对接实验表明,短叶松素与超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶均有结合能力,过氧化氢酶的结合能力最强为-9.1 kcal/mol。实验表明,短叶松素具有较好的抗氧化能力,可作为食品、药品或化妆品等抗氧化剂的添加,应用前景非常广泛,对牡丹籽壳的进一步开发利用提供理论支持。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42176239)the Asian Countries Maritime Cooperation Fund(No.99950410)the Investigation and Evaluation of Microplastics in Seawater(No.ZY0722044)。
文摘Microplastics(<5 mm)are ubiquitous in the environment and can pose potential danger to the ecosystem and even human health.As the sink of microplastics,the ocean,especially the densely populated coastal area,has become a hotspot for research on microplastic pollution.In the last decade,the research of marine microplastics has been rapidly increasing in China.This review summarized the microplastic research conducted in China marine waters so far,and introduced the trends and progress of microplastic research in the four seas along the coast of China.We reviewed and compared the current sampling,extraction,and identification methodologies of China's microplastic research.According to the sampling method,the 30 reviewed studies were separated into two categories,trawl sampling and bulk sampling,to summarize relevant data,including abundance,sizes,shapes,colors and polymer types of microplastics.The main results showed that the distribution of microplastics in China's marine environment varied significantly,with offshore mariculture zones and the South China Sea being the most contaminated areas.Transparent,granules(or pellets)and fibers were the most dominant microplastic colors and shapes,and the size of microplastics was influenced significantly by the sampling method.Polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP)and polystyrene(PS)were the most common polymer types found in the China Sea,accounting for 49.96%,29.97%,and 12.38%of the total studies,respectively.Compared with other global data,China's coastal microplastic pollution is at an intermediate level and does not seem to be a major microplastic pollution source.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB755904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41676067)+1 种基金the Fundamental Funds for Central Universities,China(No.201762030)the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(111 Project)(No.B13030)。
文摘Two sediment cores were retrieved in the hadal zone of the Yap Trench,and their concentrations of six major elements Mg,Al,Ca,Ti,Mn and Fe and nine trace elements Sr,Ba,Pb,V,Cr,Co,Ni,Cu and Zn were determined in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).According to the vertical distribution profiles of the 15 elements,the correlation of their concentrations,the ratios of Ni/Co,V/Cr,Fe/Al,and Ti/Al,and morphological characteristics of the sediment samples,the implications of the depositional environment and the sediment provenance were analyzed.The results show that the ratio of Ni/Co in all depths of the two sediment cores were below 5,and the ratio of V/Cr were lower than 2,indicating that the depositional environment of the hadal zone in the trench was oxidative and might have inflow of the Antarctic bottom oxygen-rich water.The sediment samples on the eastern side of the trench were siliceous mud mainly composed of diatoms,radiolarian,and sponge needles from surface to deep layer.The vertical profile of the elements,the concentration of TOC and the fossil record indicated that the sediment sample from station Dive113 was well mixed from surface to bottom layer.Based on the correlation of concentrations of the elements,the morphological characteristics of the sediment,and the ratios of Fe/Al and Ti/Al,we inferred that the sediment in the hadal zone of the trench had terrestrial,volcanic,biological,and authigenic sources.Major source of the sediment in the eastern side of the trench were terrestrial;whereas the sediment in the western side of the trench received more volcaniclastic input.
文摘背景:针对颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,C3椎板2种处理方式(C3椎板切除与C3椎板成形)的临床效果以及对术后颈椎功能的影响如何,相关客观评价较少,为此进行了此项研究。目的:系统评价颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术中C3椎板切除与C3椎板成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Central、PubMed、EMbase、the ISI Web of Knowledge Database、CNKI、CMB、维普、万方数据库,检索时间均为建库时间至2018-07-01。纳入关于C3椎板切除和椎板成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病疗效对比的随机或非随机对照试验。Meta分析采用Cochrane协作网提供的Rev-Man5.3软件进行。结果与结论:①共纳入5个研究,316例患者,其中C3椎板切除组146例,C3椎板成形组170例;②Mate分析结果显示,在术后颈椎功能方面,与传统C3椎板成形相比,C3椎板切除术后颈椎活动度丢失较少[SMD=-5.89,95%CI(-7.25,-4.70),P <0.05]、术后轴性症状发生率低[SMD=-0.23,95%CI(0.12,0.46),P<0.05];③在神经功能恢复方面,2组术后日本骨科协会评分差异无显著性意义[SMD=-0.02,95%CI(-0.55,0.51),P=0.95> 0.05];④结果表明,采用椎管扩大成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病时C3椎板的2种处理方式(椎板切除或椎板成形)均能取得较好的临床效果,但椎板切除能有效防止颈椎活动度丢失、降低术后轴性症状发生率。
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB755904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41276036)。
文摘Using observations in an applied cruise of the submersible Jiaolong,water characteristics,geostrophic transport,and turbulent mixing in abyssal and hadal zones of the southern Yap Trench were studied.The spatial structures of deep water show that the abyssal water is cold,saline,and oxygen rich.The hadal water has very small changes in potential temperature and potential density,and a little decrease in salinity and obvious decrease in oxygen.The isotherm,isopycnal,and isohaline are depressed in abyss over the central trench.The turbulent mixing is enhanced in the near-bottom zone and the hadal water on the trench slope,especially at the steep slope,the dissipation rate and diffusivity is strong,which weakens the stratification.The geostrophic flows move southward in the western region of the trench and northward in the eastern region,indicating cyclonic circulation.In the central region of the trench,the water transport is^1.74 Sv southward.In the hadal zone,the northward and southward transports are balanced.Our analysis suggests that the abyssal water in the southern Yap Trench is from Lower Circumpolar Water(LCPW)and the hadal water seems to be of the isolated local water rather than LCPW.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB755904)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0601302)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41676067)the Fundamental Funds for Central Universities(No.201762030)。
文摘In this study,cored sediment samples collected by the Jiaolong Submersible at 6779 m depth from the hadal zone of the Yap Trench in May 2016 were sliced in 1-cm interval from top to bottom,and lipids in each sediment layer were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.The vertical distribution profiles of the lipids in the sediment sample,their main existing forms,and their possible sources were investigated.The results show that the concentration of lipid in the surface sediment was the highest with the carbon number from 12 to 27,dominated by medium and short-chain lipids.The total concentration of fatty acids in surface sediment was much higher than those in the offshore and deep-sea areas,being up to 325.77μg/g due to the funnel effect caused by the“V”terrain of the trench.Fatty acid 18:0 was the most abundant lipids in the sediment sample.Abnormal high concentrations of fatty acid 18:1ω7 and alkanes indicated the existence of hydrothermal fluids in the study area.In addition,saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids existed mainly in free form,and polyunsaturated fatty acids existed mainly in bound form.Most of the alkanes were in bound form,and their major source was autochthounous input.The carbon number of alcohols in the sediment sample ranged from 12 to 20,mainly existed in bound form.The source of fatty acids was mainly autochthonous input,and the neutral lipids had both marine and terrestrial origin.This is the first study of lipids in hadal sediment of the Yap Trench.The results will promote deeper understanding of organic carbon cycle in marine environment.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1404504)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB755904)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project financially supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Nos.2015ASKJ02,2016ASKJ14)the Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2016LMFS-B08)
文摘To identify the pathogen that causes scuticociliatosis in farmed-raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus , we isolated a ciliate from the brain tissue of an infected turbot and identifi ed it as Uronema marinum based on morphological and molecular evidence. We then infected the turbots in artifi cial laboratory settings with pure cultured U . marinum . The infected turbots showed syndromes similar to those observed in naturally infected ones. Furthermore, microscopic examination and PCR detection confi rmed the presence of the ciliate in the tissues of those laboratory-infected turbots. To our best knowledge, this is the fi rst report of scuticociliatosis caused by U . marinum in farm-raised turbot S . maximus in China.
文摘The water column in the open ocean can be divided into epipelagic(photic),mesopelagic,bathyal,abyssal and hadal zones by depth.In recent years,more and more research has been focusing on the marine environment below photic zone,especially the deep ocean.Oceanic trenches are considered as the deepest part of the ocean,providing ideal places for studying the physical,chemical,biological,and geological aspects of the marine environment from sea surface to the deep sea fl oor.However,limited by the high diffi culty to access and high cost in exploration,our understanding about oceanic trenches is still limited.Recently,with the development of series of manned and unmanned submersibles,we now have more opportunities to study the trench area.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB755904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41676067)+2 种基金the Fundamental Funds for Central Universities(No.201762030)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018GSF117044)the 111 Project(No.B13030)。
文摘The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides(MCHO),polysaccharides(PCHO),and total carbohydrates(TCHO)in the seawater samples collected from the north of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean were measured by 2,4,6-tripyridine-s-triazine(TPTZ)spectrophotometry method.The results show that the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO ranged from 4.6 to 22.1μmol C/L,3.5 to 27.3μmol C/L,and 13.8 to 36.3μmol C/L,respectively.In different sampling stations,the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO with water depth showed complex variation patterns.In the study area,the maximum concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO occurred in the euphotic layer and the minimum concentrations occurred in mesopelagic seawater layer.Generally,the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO decreased with water depth from the euphotic layer to the hadal zone.The average value of PCHO/TCHO was higher than the average value of MCHO/TCHO,indicating that PCHO was the main component of TCHO in north of the Yap Trench.
基金The Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China under contract Nos 2017Q09 and2016Q02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41776176+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2017YFC1404604the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under contract No.ZR2015PD003the 2012 Taishan Scholar
文摘Biological CO2 sequestration by microalgae is a promising and environmentally friendly technology applied to sequester CO2. The characteristics of neutral lipid accumulation by two marine oil-rich microalgal strains,namely, Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis sp., through CO2 enrichment cultivation were investigated in this study. The optimum culture conditions of the two microalgal strains are 10% CO2 and f medium. The maximum biomass productivity, total lipid content, maximum lipid productivity, carbon content, and CO2 fixation ability of the two microalgal strains were obtained. The corresponding parameters of the two strains were as follows：（（142.42±4.58） g/（m^2·d）,（149.92±1.80） g/（m^2·d））,（（39.95±0.77）%,（37.91±0.58）%）,（（84.47±1.56） g/（m^2·d）,（89.90±1.98） g/（m^2·d））,（（45.98±1.75）%,（46.88±2.01）%）, and（（33.74±1.65） g/（m^2·d）,（34.08±1.32） g/（m^2·d））. Results indicated that the two marine microalgal strains with high CO2 fixation ability are potential strains for marine biodiesel development coupled with CO2 emission reduction.
基金Supported by the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(Nos.GY02-2011T10,2015P07)the Qingdao Talent Program(No.13-CX-20)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31100567,41176061)the National Natural Science Foundation for Creative Groups(No.41521064)
文摘Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not meet the requirements of analysis for time-sensitive samples and/or complicated environmental samples. Since energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) can be used to simultaneously detect multiple elements in a sample, including sulfur, with minimal sample treatment, this technology was applied to detect sulfur-oxidizing bacteria using their high sulfur content within the cell. This article describes the application of scanning electron microscopy imaging coupled with EDS mapping for quick detection of sulfur oxidizers in contaminated environmental water samples, with minimal sample handling. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the existence of dense granules within the bacterial cells, while EDS identified large amounts of sulfur within them. EDS mapping localized the sulfur to these granules. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacteria detected in our samples belonged to the genus Chromatium, which are sulfur oxidizers. Thus, EDS mapping made it possible to identify sulfur oxidizers in environmental samples based on localized sulfur within their cells, within a short time(within 24 h of sampling). This technique has wide ranging applications for detection of sulfur bacteria in environmental water samples.
