Background China is one of the high burden countries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （TB） infection globally, with high incidence and mortality. We studied the molecular characteristics of rifampin （RIF） and isoniaz...Background China is one of the high burden countries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （TB） infection globally, with high incidence and mortality. We studied the molecular characteristics of rifampin （RIF） and isoniazid （INH） resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Beijing, China, in order to find out the genetic marker for rapid detection of specific drug resistance.Methods Forty pansusceptible and 81 resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Beijing, China during 2002-2005 were analyzed. The modified rifampin oligonucleotide （RIFO） assay based on reverse line blot hybridization was used to detect mutations in the 81 bp hot-spot region of rpoB gene, which is associated with RIF resistance. The INH resistance associated genes, regulatory region mab-inhA （-15C/T） and structural gene katG S315T were detected by reverse line blot hybridization and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） method respectively. All the strains were typed by spoligotying and the Beijing genotype was further subdivided by NTF locus analysis. The distribution of drug resistance associated mutations in the above genes was compared in these groups. Results Sixty-five （91.5%） of 71 RIF resistant and 52 （92.9%） of 56 multidrug-resistant （MDR, i.e. resistant to at least RIF and INH） strains were found to harbor mutations in the rpoB hot-spot region. No mutation was detected in RIF sensitive strains. The specificity and sensitivity of the modified RIFO assay were 100% and 91.5%, respectively, katG315 AGC〉ACC and inhA-15C〉T mutations were found in 40 （60.6%） and 10 （15.2%） of 66 INH resistant strains, respectively; 7.6% of INH-resistant strains had mutations in both of these genes. Therefore, a combined use of both katG315 and inhA-15 identified 68.2% of INH-resistant strains. The Beijing genotype accounted for 91.7% of total strains and was further subdivided into ＂modern＂ （76.6%） and ＂ancestral＂ （23.4%） group. There is no significant difference between ＂ancestral＂ and ＂modern＂ group in prevalance of drug resistance-associated gene mutations. Conclusions The hot-spot region of rpoB gene can be used as genetic marker for detection of RIF resistant strains; a combined use of both katG315 and inhA-15 can improve the detection rate of I NH resistant strains; the Beijing genotype is prevalent in Beijing, China; the modified RIFO assay can be a practical tool for rapid detection of RIF resistant and MDR isolates in the routine diagnostic work.展开更多
Hepatic fibrosis is a common feature of almost all chronic liver diseases. Formation of new vessels （angiogenesis） is a process strictly related to the progressive fibrogenesis which leads to cirrhosis and liver can...Hepatic fibrosis is a common feature of almost all chronic liver diseases. Formation of new vessels （angiogenesis） is a process strictly related to the progressive fibrogenesis which leads to cirrhosis and liver cancer. This review mainly concerns the relationship between angiogenesis and hepatic fibrosis, by considering the mechanism of angiogenesis, cells in angiogenesis, anti-angiogenic and Chinese medicine therapies.展开更多
Objective：To assist decision-makers interpret and choose among conflicting meta-analyses,as well as to offer treatment recommendations based on current best evidence by performing a systematic review of overlapping m...Objective：To assist decision-makers interpret and choose among conflicting meta-analyses,as well as to offer treatment recommendations based on current best evidence by performing a systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses regarding Shenyi Capsule（参一胶囊,SC） plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）.Methods：A literature search was conducted to select systematic reviews comparing SC plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy for NSCLC.Meta-analyses only composed of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） met the inclusion criteria.Two authors individually estimated the quality of meta-analysis and extracted data.The Jadad decision algorithm was applied to guarantee which meta-analysis provided the best original evidence.Results：A total of 5 meta-analyses were included.All the studies composed of RCTs or quasi-RCTs and were regarded as level-Ⅱ evidence.The scores of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews ranged from 3 to 6（median 4）.A high-quality meta-analysis with more RCTs was chosen,which suggested that SC plus chemotherapy could increase incidence of short-term efficacy,improve the quality of life and survival rate in comparison to chemotherapy.However,there was no statistically significant difference between SC plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy regarding chemotherapy-induced side effect,such as liver and kidney function obstacle,leukopenia,hemoglobin decrement and gastrointestinal adverse reaction.Conclusions：Based on the best available evidence,treatment effect of SC plus chemotherapy was better than chemotherapy and did not increase side effects.Therefore,SC plus chemotherapy may be superior to chemotherapy for treating NSCLC.However,due to some limitations,SC plus chemotherapy should be cautiously considered,and further high-quality meta-analyses are needed.展开更多
Dendritic cells （DCs） are potent antigen presenting cells （APCs）, and are able to induce tissue like kidney immune-inflammatory responses. DCs can either stimulate immune responses or induce immune tolerance, acc...Dendritic cells （DCs） are potent antigen presenting cells （APCs）, and are able to induce tissue like kidney immune-inflammatory responses. DCs can either stimulate immune responses or induce immune tolerance, according to its mature states. DCs undergo a series of maturational steps that allow them-to up-regulate surface adhesion molecules and co-stimulation molecules, as well as increase secretion of interleukin （ IL ）-12,展开更多
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30471841).
文摘Background China is one of the high burden countries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （TB） infection globally, with high incidence and mortality. We studied the molecular characteristics of rifampin （RIF） and isoniazid （INH） resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Beijing, China, in order to find out the genetic marker for rapid detection of specific drug resistance.Methods Forty pansusceptible and 81 resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Beijing, China during 2002-2005 were analyzed. The modified rifampin oligonucleotide （RIFO） assay based on reverse line blot hybridization was used to detect mutations in the 81 bp hot-spot region of rpoB gene, which is associated with RIF resistance. The INH resistance associated genes, regulatory region mab-inhA （-15C/T） and structural gene katG S315T were detected by reverse line blot hybridization and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） method respectively. All the strains were typed by spoligotying and the Beijing genotype was further subdivided by NTF locus analysis. The distribution of drug resistance associated mutations in the above genes was compared in these groups. Results Sixty-five （91.5%） of 71 RIF resistant and 52 （92.9%） of 56 multidrug-resistant （MDR, i.e. resistant to at least RIF and INH） strains were found to harbor mutations in the rpoB hot-spot region. No mutation was detected in RIF sensitive strains. The specificity and sensitivity of the modified RIFO assay were 100% and 91.5%, respectively, katG315 AGC〉ACC and inhA-15C〉T mutations were found in 40 （60.6%） and 10 （15.2%） of 66 INH resistant strains, respectively; 7.6% of INH-resistant strains had mutations in both of these genes. Therefore, a combined use of both katG315 and inhA-15 identified 68.2% of INH-resistant strains. The Beijing genotype accounted for 91.7% of total strains and was further subdivided into ＂modern＂ （76.6%） and ＂ancestral＂ （23.4%） group. There is no significant difference between ＂ancestral＂ and ＂modern＂ group in prevalance of drug resistance-associated gene mutations. Conclusions The hot-spot region of rpoB gene can be used as genetic marker for detection of RIF resistant strains; a combined use of both katG315 and inhA-15 can improve the detection rate of I NH resistant strains; the Beijing genotype is prevalent in Beijing, China; the modified RIFO assay can be a practical tool for rapid detection of RIF resistant and MDR isolates in the routine diagnostic work.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation Project(No.81573767)Doctoral Innovation Fund from Chin Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CX201404)
文摘Hepatic fibrosis is a common feature of almost all chronic liver diseases. Formation of new vessels （angiogenesis） is a process strictly related to the progressive fibrogenesis which leads to cirrhosis and liver cancer. This review mainly concerns the relationship between angiogenesis and hepatic fibrosis, by considering the mechanism of angiogenesis, cells in angiogenesis, anti-angiogenic and Chinese medicine therapies.
文摘Objective：To assist decision-makers interpret and choose among conflicting meta-analyses,as well as to offer treatment recommendations based on current best evidence by performing a systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses regarding Shenyi Capsule（参一胶囊,SC） plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）.Methods：A literature search was conducted to select systematic reviews comparing SC plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy for NSCLC.Meta-analyses only composed of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） met the inclusion criteria.Two authors individually estimated the quality of meta-analysis and extracted data.The Jadad decision algorithm was applied to guarantee which meta-analysis provided the best original evidence.Results：A total of 5 meta-analyses were included.All the studies composed of RCTs or quasi-RCTs and were regarded as level-Ⅱ evidence.The scores of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews ranged from 3 to 6（median 4）.A high-quality meta-analysis with more RCTs was chosen,which suggested that SC plus chemotherapy could increase incidence of short-term efficacy,improve the quality of life and survival rate in comparison to chemotherapy.However,there was no statistically significant difference between SC plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy regarding chemotherapy-induced side effect,such as liver and kidney function obstacle,leukopenia,hemoglobin decrement and gastrointestinal adverse reaction.Conclusions：Based on the best available evidence,treatment effect of SC plus chemotherapy was better than chemotherapy and did not increase side effects.Therefore,SC plus chemotherapy may be superior to chemotherapy for treating NSCLC.However,due to some limitations,SC plus chemotherapy should be cautiously considered,and further high-quality meta-analyses are needed.
文摘Dendritic cells （DCs） are potent antigen presenting cells （APCs）, and are able to induce tissue like kidney immune-inflammatory responses. DCs can either stimulate immune responses or induce immune tolerance, according to its mature states. DCs undergo a series of maturational steps that allow them-to up-regulate surface adhesion molecules and co-stimulation molecules, as well as increase secretion of interleukin （ IL ）-12,
