Ethnicity is a carrier of language and culture.Spatial distribution of ethnic diversity is fundamental for identifying and reconstructing the migration patterns and evolution histories of cultures and languages.Utiliz...Ethnicity is a carrier of language and culture.Spatial distribution of ethnic diversity is fundamental for identifying and reconstructing the migration patterns and evolution histories of cultures and languages.Utilizing the Chinese 4th National Census (1990) data,we investigated the specific time geographical patterns of population and diversity of Chinese ethnicminorities.As anticipated,results show that Chineseminorities are chiefly concentrated in dis-tant plateaus and mountains in the southwest,northwest and northeast of China.Further,population density centers of the 10 majorminorities are rather scattered,alternatively dominating at different parts of the country.This study pro-vides a first comprehensive quantitative test on a prevailing notion of 'six plates and three corridors' on the empirical clustering patterns of Chinese ethnicminorities.There are more consistent evidences supporting this notion in the north of China,with the central and southern regions showing more complex patterns,potentially transformed by processes such as migration,fragmentation,and percolation.The results of this study suggest that a geographical ap-proach can provide heuristic and complementary information for better understanding of historical social processes.展开更多
按照一种高质高效、自上而下的纳米硅制备方法,以P型重掺杂晶体硅和N型重掺杂晶体硅为原料,探究不同重掺杂类型对电化学性能的影响。采用脉冲放电和高能球磨组合法制备纳米硅颗粒,获得平均粒径(D50)约为100 nm且尺寸分布均匀的硅颗粒。...按照一种高质高效、自上而下的纳米硅制备方法,以P型重掺杂晶体硅和N型重掺杂晶体硅为原料,探究不同重掺杂类型对电化学性能的影响。采用脉冲放电和高能球磨组合法制备纳米硅颗粒,获得平均粒径(D50)约为100 nm且尺寸分布均匀的硅颗粒。结果表明:P型重掺杂纳米硅的首次充电比容量为1646.5 m Ah/g、库伦效率为65.92%,经过50圈循环,其可逆比容量保持为1353.7 m Ah/g;N型重掺杂纳米硅的首次充电比容量为1730.7 m Ah/g、库伦效率为66.04%,经50圈循环,其可逆比容量保持为1400.1 m Ah/g。展开更多
To establish a classification on the basis of genetic linguistics requires two indispensible conditions: common retention, including cognate lexical retention and cognate morphological retention, and common innovation...To establish a classification on the basis of genetic linguistics requires two indispensible conditions: common retention, including cognate lexical retention and cognate morphological retention, and common innovation in a language group. The first condition is primary, and is the motivation for classification and the evidence of a genetic relationship. The second condition is secondary and supportive, and is the feature,approach and sign of a language group. This article focuses on common innovations in the Sino-Tibetan language family. Tone, voiceless aspirated stops, affricates, classifiers, noun prefixes for kinship and overlap are six common innovations that are proposed for defining the Sino-Tibetan language family.展开更多
Ordering the minority languages in China in terms of their vitality can help decide what priorities are in securing the most endangered ethnic languages. In view of the actual condition of the Chinese ethnic languages...Ordering the minority languages in China in terms of their vitality can help decide what priorities are in securing the most endangered ethnic languages. In view of the actual condition of the Chinese ethnic languages, this paper proposes some corresponding comprehensive indexes and ranks over 100 ethnic languages of China in terms of their vitality.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30870432)
文摘Ethnicity is a carrier of language and culture.Spatial distribution of ethnic diversity is fundamental for identifying and reconstructing the migration patterns and evolution histories of cultures and languages.Utilizing the Chinese 4th National Census (1990) data,we investigated the specific time geographical patterns of population and diversity of Chinese ethnicminorities.As anticipated,results show that Chineseminorities are chiefly concentrated in dis-tant plateaus and mountains in the southwest,northwest and northeast of China.Further,population density centers of the 10 majorminorities are rather scattered,alternatively dominating at different parts of the country.This study pro-vides a first comprehensive quantitative test on a prevailing notion of 'six plates and three corridors' on the empirical clustering patterns of Chinese ethnicminorities.There are more consistent evidences supporting this notion in the north of China,with the central and southern regions showing more complex patterns,potentially transformed by processes such as migration,fragmentation,and percolation.The results of this study suggest that a geographical ap-proach can provide heuristic and complementary information for better understanding of historical social processes.
文摘按照一种高质高效、自上而下的纳米硅制备方法,以P型重掺杂晶体硅和N型重掺杂晶体硅为原料,探究不同重掺杂类型对电化学性能的影响。采用脉冲放电和高能球磨组合法制备纳米硅颗粒,获得平均粒径(D50)约为100 nm且尺寸分布均匀的硅颗粒。结果表明:P型重掺杂纳米硅的首次充电比容量为1646.5 m Ah/g、库伦效率为65.92%,经过50圈循环,其可逆比容量保持为1353.7 m Ah/g;N型重掺杂纳米硅的首次充电比容量为1730.7 m Ah/g、库伦效率为66.04%,经50圈循环,其可逆比容量保持为1400.1 m Ah/g。
文摘To establish a classification on the basis of genetic linguistics requires two indispensible conditions: common retention, including cognate lexical retention and cognate morphological retention, and common innovation in a language group. The first condition is primary, and is the motivation for classification and the evidence of a genetic relationship. The second condition is secondary and supportive, and is the feature,approach and sign of a language group. This article focuses on common innovations in the Sino-Tibetan language family. Tone, voiceless aspirated stops, affricates, classifiers, noun prefixes for kinship and overlap are six common innovations that are proposed for defining the Sino-Tibetan language family.
文摘Ordering the minority languages in China in terms of their vitality can help decide what priorities are in securing the most endangered ethnic languages. In view of the actual condition of the Chinese ethnic languages, this paper proposes some corresponding comprehensive indexes and ranks over 100 ethnic languages of China in terms of their vitality.
