Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dim...Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection. Methods Brain computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and magnetic resonance venography （MRV） were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography （MIRA） were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed. Results For parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes. Conclusions According to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.展开更多
Background Previously we had successfully tracked adult human neural stem cells （NSCs） labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles （SPIOs） in host human brain after transplantation in vivo non-invasively b...Background Previously we had successfully tracked adult human neural stem cells （NSCs） labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles （SPIOs） in host human brain after transplantation in vivo non-invasively by magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. However, the function of the transplanted NSCs could not be evaluated by the method. In the study, we applied manganese-enhanced MRI （ME-MRI） to detect NSCs function after implantation in brain of rats with traumatic brain injury （TBI） in vivo. Methods Totally 40 TBI rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group. In group 1, the TBI rats did not receive NSCs transplantation. MnCI2＂4H20 was intravenously injected, hyperosmolar mannitol was delivered to disrupt rightside blood brain barrier, and its contralateral forepaw was electrically stimulated. In group 2, the TBI rats received NSCs （labeled with SPIO） transplantation, and the ME-MRI procedure was same to group 1. In group 3, the TBI rats received NSCs （labeled with SPIO） transplantation, and the ME-MRI procedure was same to group 1, but diltiazem was introduced during the electrical stimulation period. In group 4, the TBI rats received phosphate buffered saline （PBS） injection, and the ME-MRI procedure was same to group 1. Results Hyperintense signals were detected by ME-MRI in the cortex areas associated with somatosensory in TBI rats of group 2. These signals, which could not be induced in TBI rats of groups 1 and 4, disappeared when diltiazem was introduced in TBI rats of group 3. Conclusion In this initial study, we mapped implanted NSCs activity and its functional participation within local brain area in TBI rats by ME-MRI technique, paving the way for further pre-clinical research.展开更多
Background Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） from human neural stem cells （hNSCs） can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct re...Background Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） from human neural stem cells （hNSCs） can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct reprogramming of adult hNSCs into iPSCs by retroviral transduction of four defined factors. Methods NSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from the hippocampus tissue of epilepsy patients. When combined with four factors （OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC）, iPSCs colonies were successfully obtained. Results Morphological characterization and specific genetic expression confirmed that these hNSCs-derived iPSCs showed embryonic stem cells-like properties, which include the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our method would be useful for generating human iPSCs from NSCs and provide an important tool for studying neurological diseases.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30872675 and No. 30901549）, Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology （No. 08411965100）, and 2011 Shanghai Medical College Young Scientist Fund of Fudan University （No. 11L-24）.
文摘Background The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions （Singapore） had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection. Methods Brain computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and magnetic resonance venography （MRV） were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography （MIRA） were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed. Results For parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes. Conclusions According to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Major State Basic Research Program （No. 2010CB945500, No. 2009CB941100 and No. 2007CB947902）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 90919002 and No. 30870805）, Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology （No. 08dj140053 and No. 2007Y39） and Postgraduate＇s Research Program of Fudan University （2010）.
文摘Background Previously we had successfully tracked adult human neural stem cells （NSCs） labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles （SPIOs） in host human brain after transplantation in vivo non-invasively by magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. However, the function of the transplanted NSCs could not be evaluated by the method. In the study, we applied manganese-enhanced MRI （ME-MRI） to detect NSCs function after implantation in brain of rats with traumatic brain injury （TBI） in vivo. Methods Totally 40 TBI rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group. In group 1, the TBI rats did not receive NSCs transplantation. MnCI2＂4H20 was intravenously injected, hyperosmolar mannitol was delivered to disrupt rightside blood brain barrier, and its contralateral forepaw was electrically stimulated. In group 2, the TBI rats received NSCs （labeled with SPIO） transplantation, and the ME-MRI procedure was same to group 1. In group 3, the TBI rats received NSCs （labeled with SPIO） transplantation, and the ME-MRI procedure was same to group 1, but diltiazem was introduced during the electrical stimulation period. In group 4, the TBI rats received phosphate buffered saline （PBS） injection, and the ME-MRI procedure was same to group 1. Results Hyperintense signals were detected by ME-MRI in the cortex areas associated with somatosensory in TBI rats of group 2. These signals, which could not be induced in TBI rats of groups 1 and 4, disappeared when diltiazem was introduced in TBI rats of group 3. Conclusion In this initial study, we mapped implanted NSCs activity and its functional participation within local brain area in TBI rats by ME-MRI technique, paving the way for further pre-clinical research.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Major State Basic Research Program （No. 2010CB945500, No. 2012CB966300, and No. 2009CB941100）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81271003 and No. 81200936）, Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology （No. 08dj140053）, and 2011 Shanghai Medical College Young Scientist Fund of Fudan University （11L-24）.Acknowledgements： We are grateful to technicians CHEN Lu-ping, SHEN Yi-wen and TANG Qi-sheng in our lab for their kind assistance in animal preparation and cell culture. We also thank Dr. SHA Hong-ying for picture processing and helpful comments and suggestions.
文摘Background Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） from human neural stem cells （hNSCs） can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct reprogramming of adult hNSCs into iPSCs by retroviral transduction of four defined factors. Methods NSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from the hippocampus tissue of epilepsy patients. When combined with four factors （OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC）, iPSCs colonies were successfully obtained. Results Morphological characterization and specific genetic expression confirmed that these hNSCs-derived iPSCs showed embryonic stem cells-like properties, which include the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our method would be useful for generating human iPSCs from NSCs and provide an important tool for studying neurological diseases.
