床旁下肢康复器设计与实现

设计了一种床旁下肢康复器,包含系统架构设计、硬件设计和软件设计.该康复器的主要功能包括主动康复训练和被动康复训练,可以针对患者不同的康复进程进行有针对性的训练,同时当系统检测到患者痉挛或者心率异常时会发出报警提示,保证了患者康复运动过程的安全.

基于问题导向的教学法在分析化学教学中的应用

针对分析化学课程特点以及传统分析化学课程教学法中存在的问题,将基于问题导向(PBL)的教学法引入分析化学课程教学,结果表明:PBL教学法以问题为导向、以学生为中心,能充分调动学生的学习主动性与积极性、激发学生的学习兴趣、提高学生的分析问题和解决问题能力。但PBL教学法在实施过程中,因受制于各种条件因素,不能完全替代传统教学法,故在教学中应注意将PBL教学法与传统教学法有机融合,发挥最大教学效益。

基于灰色关联和混合神经网络的光伏功率预测

为了提升光伏发电功率预测模型的精度和增强其对多变天气的适应能力,提出了采用基于天气预报的灰色关联相似日样本选取与混合神经网络相结合的光伏发电功率预测模型.相似日选取以辐射强度的影响因素为依据,采用晴天理论太阳辐射强度、空气污染指数、云量、湿度4个变量,通过灰色关联选出与预测日较为接近的历史数据构成样本子集.建立混合神经网络,对选出的样本子集进行天气要素扩充并训练模型,代入预测日特征向量完成预测.为检验该模型的精确性和鲁棒性,通过实例与常见BP神经网络模型进行预测结果对比,显示了新模型在光伏发电功率预测的良好应用前景.

钠⁃钾⁃氯协同转运蛋白1相关神经系统疾病研究进展

钠⁃钾⁃氯协同转运蛋白1(NKCC1)是阳离子⁃氯化物协同转运蛋白之一,为介导钠、钾、氯离子转运的膜蛋白,对保持氯离子动态平衡至关重要。病理状态下NKCC1表达或活性发生变化,进而调节氯离子细胞内浓度和神经元兴奋性。本文拟对NKCC1表达及活性调节方式,以及NKCC1在多种神经系统疾病发病机制、治疗中的作用进行综述,以为后续相关研究提供理论线索。

太阳能-氢燃料电池系统性能研究

氢燃料电池因其来源广泛、无污染、转换率高而成为能源领域关注的焦点.以质子交换膜氢燃料电池作为研究对象,通过对其发电过程原理分析及理论计算,阐明了太阳能-氢燃料电池在太阳能发电(光能-电能转换),电解水制取氢气(电能-氢能转换),燃料电池发电(氢能-电能转换)的整个能量转换过程.结果显示:质子交换膜氢燃料电池的转换率可达36.42%,实际制氢量与理论计算值误差小于5%.

A Quick Report on a Dynamical Downscaling Simulation over China Using the Nested Model

This paper describes a dynamical downscaling simulation over China using the nested model system,which consists of the modified Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)nested with the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model(CAM).Results show that dynamical downscaling is of great value in improving the model simulation of regional climatic characteristics.WRF simulates regional detailed temperature features better than CAM.With the spatial correlation coefficient between the observation and the simulation increasing from 0.54 for CAM to 0.79 for WRF,the improvement in precipitation simulation is more perceptible with WRF.Furthermore,the WRF simulation corrects the spatial bias of the precipitation in the CAM simulation.

Future Changes of Drought and Flood Events in China under a Global Warming Scenario

This study investigates the impact of global warming on drought/flood patterns in China at the end of the 21st century based on the simulations of 22 global climate models and a regional climate model(RegCM3) under the SRES(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) A1B scenario.The standardized precipitation index(SPI),which has well performance in monitoring the drought/flood characteristics(in terms of their intensity,duration,and spatial extent) in China,is used in this study.The projected results of 22 coupled models and the RegCM3 simulation are consistent.These models project a decrease in the frequency of droughts in most parts of northern China and a slight increase in the frequency in some parts of southern China.Considering China as a whole,the spatial extents of droughts are projected to be significantly reduced.In contrast,future flood events over most parts of China are projected to occur more frequently with stronger intensity and longer duration than those prevalent currently.Additionally,the spatial extents of flood events are projected to significantly increase.

Possible Impact of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation on Extreme Hot Events in China

This paper reveals that the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) is closely related to the extreme hot event (EHE) variability in China during the period of 1979 2009, with a positive-phase (negative-phase) SNAO corresponding to less (more) EHEs in northern China. The summer circulation anomalies associated with the SNAO give further confirmation of the above relationship. In a positive-phase (negative-phase) SNAO year, there is an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) over central East Asia, which can increase (decrease) the total cloud cover over this region. Such changes of the total cloud cover can then decrease (increase) the solar radiation reaching the surface, which is consequently unfavorable (favorable) to the formation of EHEs over northern China.

Possible Impact of the Boreal Spring Antarctic Oscillation on the North American Summer Monsoon

This study examined the relationship between the boreal spring(April?May) Antarctic Oscillation(AAO) and the North American summer monsoon(NASM)(July?September) for the period of 1979?2008.The results show that these two systems are closely related.When the spring AAO was stronger than normal,the NASM tended to be weaker,and there was less rainfall over the monsoon region.The opposite NASM situation corresponded to a weaker spring AAO.Further analysis explored the possible mechanism for the delayed impact of the boreal spring AAO on the NASM.It was found that the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature(SST) plays an important role in the connection between the two phenomena.The variability of the boreal spring AAO can produce anomalous SSTs over the tropical Atlantic.These SST anomalies can persist from spring to summer and can influence the Bermuda High,affecting water vapor transportation to the monsoon region.Through these processes,the boreal spring AAO exerts a significantly delayed impact on the amount of NASM precipitation.Thus,information about the boreal spring AAO is valuable for the prediction of the NASM.

Future changes in precipitation extremes over China using the NEX-GDDP high-resolution daily downscaled data-set

最近,NASA发布了一套基于CMIP5 21个耦合模式输出的高分辨率降尺度逐日数据集,简称NEX-GDDP。本文评估了NEX-GDDP对中国极端降水的模拟性能。研究发现:(1)相比CMIP5直接输出结果,NEX-GDDP能够更好刻画中国极端降水的空间分布;(2)未来中国极端降水事件明显增多、强度增强,NEX-GDDP在区域尺度上给出了更多的气候变化信息;(3)NEXGDDP预估的中国未来极端降水变化的不确定性范围相比CMIP5直接输出结果明显减少,使得预估结果更加可靠.

Evaluation of CORDEX regional climate models in simulating temperature and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau

区域气候模式对研究地形复杂的青藏高原地区气候具有高分辨率的优势。以前的相关研究主要基于单个区域模式,我们评估了CORDEX多区域气候模式对青藏高原气候的模拟能力。结果显示:(1)5个区域气候模式一致模拟出了相似的气温、降水空间模态,但产生了冷偏差和湿偏差。所有区域气候模式未能再现观测的气温、降水趋势空间模态,并且平均高估了气温趋势、低估了降水趋势。综合考虑模拟的气温、降水趋势,多模式集合的结果最优。就单个模式而言,Reg CM4所得趋势最为合理。(2)各区域气候模式结果之间的差异十分显著,表明青藏高原气候模拟具有很大的模式依赖性。这一结果建议当利用单个区域气候模式开展青藏高原气候变化研究时需要谨慎。(3)多区域模式集合预估显示,相对1986–2005年,到2016–2035年气温(降水)将增加1.38±0.09°C(0.8%±4.0%)(RCP4.5)和1.77±0.28°C(7.3%±2.5%)(RCP8.5)。这些结果从多模式角度提高了我们对运用区域气候模式研究青藏高原气候的认识。

The Contribution of Extreme Precipitation to the Total Precipitation in China

Using daily precipitation data from weather stations in China, the variations in the contribution of extreme precipitation to the total precipitation are analyzed. It is found that extreme precipitation accounts for approximately one third of the total precipitation based on the overall mean for China. Over the past half century, extreme precipitation has played a dominant role in the year-to-year variability of the total precipitation. On the decadal time scale, the extreme precipitation makes different contributions to the wetting and drying regions of China. The wetting trends of particular regions are mainly attributed to increases in extreme precipitation; in contrast, the drying trends of other regions are mainly due to decreases in non-extreme precipitation.

人胎球蛋白A在原发性肝癌血清中的表达及临床相关性研究

目的探讨人胎球蛋白A(AHSG)的活性与肝病严重程度的相关性及其在原发性肝癌诊断中的临床意义。方法收集61例原发性肝癌(肝癌组)、63例肝硬化(肝硬化组)及45例其他肝病(其他肝病组)患者的血清,同时采集30例体检中心健康人员的血清作为对照组。采用酶联免疫法检测AHSG活性,化学发光法检测甲胎蛋白(AFP)和癌胚抗原(CEA)水平,全自动生化分析仪检测α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)水平,通过Child-Pugh分级对肝癌组、肝硬化组及其他肝病组的AHSG水平进行对比,并比较单独检测项目与联合检测项目的敏感度和特异性。结果肝癌组的AHSG和AFP水平高于肝硬化组、其他肝病组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Child-Pugh分级结果显示肝癌组B级患者的AHSG水平高于A级,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AHSG和AFP联合检测诊断原发性肝癌的敏感度为80.3%,特异性达90.8%,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)是0.900(95%CI:0.845~0.955)。结论AHSG和AFP联合检测诊断原发性肝癌的特异性大于AFP单独检测,AHSG在诊断原发性肝癌中是具有重要意义的肿瘤标志物。

High-Resolution Hindcast of Record-Breaking Rainfall in Beijing and Impact of Topography

In this paper,a hindcast study of the record-breaking rainfall event occurring in Beijing on 21July 2012,is conducted by using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model forced by National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)Global Forecasting System(GFS)outputs,paired with an investigation of the impact of topography in this region.The results indicate that WRF can reasonably predict the salient features of orographic precipitation;the 24-h rainfall amount and spatial distribution compare reasonably well with the observations.The hindcast simulation also indicates that rainfall events can be predicted approximately 36 h ahead.When the topography is removed,the spatial distribution of rainfall changes remarkably,suggesting the importance of the topography in determining rainfall structure.These results also indicate that prediction of such city-scale heavy rainfall events would benefit from a high-resolution prediction system.

Drought Response to Air Temperature Change over China on the Centennial Scale

来自为时期的气候的研究单位(CRU ) 的气候数据 19012013 被用来调查干旱反应在一百年的规模上在中国上让温度变化通风。干旱被观察越过中国显然增加了，除了在东方中国的一些区域。这增加在与南部的中国相比的北中国是猛烈得多的，特别在西北和诺思中国。干旱的这些变化特征仔细与空气温度变化被联系，与在通常与更高的温度与一致的最后世纪的主要干旱事件的严重干旱。当认为空气温度的效果变化时，在中国的干旱的显著地增加的趋势仅仅基于观察出现，它能在联合模型 Intercomparison 工程阶段 5 在干旱的观察和 30%65% 解释 49% 干旱(CMIP5 ) 为模拟建模。而且，当干旱时间规模增加，到空气温度变化的干旱的反应通常增加。而且，干旱在一百年的规模上在中国在春天和早夏天显示出相对高的敏感。

Sensitivity of Climate Changes to CO_2 Emissions in China

In this study, the authors demonstrate that the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) models project a robust response in changes of mean and climate extremes to warming in China. Under a scenario of a 1% CO2 increase per year, surface temperature in China is projected to increase more rapidly than the global average, and the model ensemble projects more precipitation(2.2%/°C). Responses in changes of climate extremes are generally much stronger than that of climate means. The majority of models project a consistent response, with more warm events but fewer cold events in China due to CO2 warming. For example, the ensemble mean indicates a high positive sensitivity for increasing summer days(12.4%/°C) and tropical nights(26.0%/°C), but a negative sensitivity for decreasing frost days(-4.7%/°C) and ice days(-7.0%/°C). Further analyses indicate that precipitation in China is likely to become more extreme, featuring a high positive sensitivity. The sensitivity is high(2.4%/°C) for heavy precipitation days(> 10 mm d-1) and increases dramatically(5.3%/°C) for very heavy precipitation days(> 20 mm d-1), as well as for precipitation amounts on very wet days(10.8%/°C) and extremely wet days(22.0%/°C). Thus, it is concluded that the more extreme precipitation events generally show higher sensitivity to CO2 warming. Additionally, southern China is projected to experience an increased risk of drought and flood occurrence, while an increased risk of flood but a decreased risk of drought is likely in other regions of China.

How Large Precipitation Changes over Global Monsoon Regions by CMIP5 Models?

Future changes in precipitation over global monsoon domains and their adjacent dry regions are investigated using present-day climate simulations(1986–2005)and future climate simulations under the Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP4.5)scenario by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)models.In the present-day climate simulations,high reproducibility of the extents of global monsoon domains and dry regions is observed from the multi-model ensemble(MME)result;the associated local summer precipitation variation and its interannual variability are also successfully reproduced.In the future,the global monsoon domains are projected to be expanded,while the dry regions are expected to initially increase and then decrease.The summer precipitation and its variability show significant increases over most global monsoon domains and obvious decreases over their adjacent dry regions.These results indicate that currently wet regions will become wetter and dry areas will be dryer under global warming conditions.Further analysis indicates that changes in summer precipitation over global monsoon and dry regions can be interpreted as moisture convergence changes associated with changes in horizontal moisture transport.

Robustness of Precipitation Projections in China:Comparison between CMIP5 and CMIP3 Models

Three sources of uncertainty in model projections of precipitation change in China for the 21st century were separated and quantified: internal variability,inter-model variability,and scenario uncertainty.Simulations from models involved in the third phase and the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP3 and CMIP5) were compared to identify improvements in the robustness of projections from the latest generation of models.No significant differences were found between CMIP3 and CMIP5 in terms of future precipitation projections over China,with the two datasets both showing future increases.The uncertainty can be attributed firstly to internal variability,and then to both inter-model and internal variability.Quantification analysis revealed that the uncertainty in CMIP5 models has increased by about 10%–60% with respect to CMIP3,despite significant improvements in the latest generation of models.The increase is mainly due to the increase of internal variability in the initial decades,and then mainly due to the increase of inter-model variability thereafter,especially by the end of this century.The change in scenario uncertainty shows no major role,but makes a negative contribution to begin with,and then an increase later.

超高层建筑高支模关键施工技术应用要点

针对超高层建筑高支模关键施工技术展开研究,分析工程不同阶段的施工要点,强调高支模技术在实际应用过程中需要注意的相关事项,总结相关工作经验,说明高支模施工技术特点,通过对工程实例的针对性分析,明确施工建设期间的建设标准要求,提出混凝土浇筑作业技术要点、高支模架构拆除作业要点,希望能够为同领域工作者提供合理参考。