风电齿轮箱的结构复杂且运行环境恶劣,是风电机组中故障率最高的部件,其性能直接影响风电机组的稳定性和安全性,严重时可能会造成财产损失甚至人员伤亡。为此,基于静电监测原理,采用多个静电传感器对风电齿轮箱摩擦磨损产生的二次效应...风电齿轮箱的结构复杂且运行环境恶劣,是风电机组中故障率最高的部件,其性能直接影响风电机组的稳定性和安全性,严重时可能会造成财产损失甚至人员伤亡。为此,基于静电监测原理,采用多个静电传感器对风电齿轮箱摩擦磨损产生的二次效应同时进行监测;基于提取到的时域特征参数和复杂度度量参数,运用移动窗局部离群因子(moving window local outlier factor,MWLOF)算法分别对负荷试验和破坏试验中风电齿轮箱磨损状态的静电监测信号的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:在负荷试验中,静电监测方法可在部分故障发生前提前监测到风电齿轮箱早期的性能退化;在破坏试验中,静电监测方法比振动监测方法提前200~1000个样本点监测到风电齿轮箱的故障。研究表明,静电监测方法作为一种新型的状态监测技术,能够有效提高对风电齿轮箱磨损状态的监测能力,可对其早期故障的产生作出较准确的预警,这可为大型设备关键部件的状态监测提供参考。展开更多
The Bashang area is a water source area and ecological barrier zone for Beijing and Tianjin. The area is located at 200 km from Beijing and Tianjin and is a typical agriculture pasture interlacing zone, in which th...The Bashang area is a water source area and ecological barrier zone for Beijing and Tianjin. The area is located at 200 km from Beijing and Tianjin and is a typical agriculture pasture interlacing zone, in which the eco environment is vulnerable and hence it is sensitive to environmental change. The area is relatively lagged in social and economic development, where the traditional cultivation mode is predominated in agriculture and animal husbandry, but the disturbance by human activity is relatively small. Therefore, in order to reveal the interrelation between eco environmental change in the area and environmental change in Beijing and Tianjin area, it is fairly necessary to study the effect of land use and land cover change on nutrients in soil in this area. According to the actual situation of changed land use for the limited time period, five series of changed land plots were selected and 4 samples were collected from each series for the study. The samples were collected from different soil forming levels at the same site in different time. Analysis of the collected samples indicates that in the process of change of land use and land cover, the nutrients in soil, such as organic matter, total N, total P, total K, and available N, P, K, and B, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe, have regularly changed. When the land had changed from grassland and non irrigated farmland into woodland, and from non irrigated farmland into irrigated field, the nutrients in soil totally increased. But there exists some exception, i.e. quick acting N, P, K, and some microelements have appeared to be inconsistent with the mentioned above regularity in some cases.展开更多
The best protocol of perioperative beta-blockers remains uncertain.Previous studies have demonstrated that tight heart rate control by beta-blockers reduced perioperative myocardial ischemia and improved clinical outc...The best protocol of perioperative beta-blockers remains uncertain.Previous studies have demonstrated that tight heart rate control by beta-blockers reduced perioperative myocardial ischemia and improved clinical outcomes.However,the recent studies have failed to provide evidence to support perioperative beta blockers,with potential increased mortality as showed in the POISE trial.In this paper,perioperative use of beta-blockers will be discussed,especially about the evolution of their perioperative therapeutic application and current status.展开更多
The Bashang region is a typical vulnerable eco-environmental zone. Our analysis of paleodunes, paleosol profiles, and lake changes taking place during last ten thousands years indicated that: (1) 10 - 6.9 ka B. P. was...The Bashang region is a typical vulnerable eco-environmental zone. Our analysis of paleodunes, paleosol profiles, and lake changes taking place during last ten thousands years indicated that: (1) 10 - 6.9 ka B. P. was a post-glacial temperature-increasing stage, in which lakes had their high water level; (2) 6.9 - 3.0 ka B. P. was a large warm stage, during which four paleosol layers were developed and climate fluctuation has assumed 4 - 5 small cold-humid and cold-dry alternations. Since 5.4 ka B. P, the lakes tended to gradually shrink; and by 2.1 ka B. P., water level has fallen by 2.7 m; (3) since 3.0 ka B. P. a general trend of the region was to change into a dry, warm-dry and cold-dry environment.展开更多
文摘风电齿轮箱的结构复杂且运行环境恶劣,是风电机组中故障率最高的部件,其性能直接影响风电机组的稳定性和安全性,严重时可能会造成财产损失甚至人员伤亡。为此,基于静电监测原理,采用多个静电传感器对风电齿轮箱摩擦磨损产生的二次效应同时进行监测;基于提取到的时域特征参数和复杂度度量参数,运用移动窗局部离群因子(moving window local outlier factor,MWLOF)算法分别对负荷试验和破坏试验中风电齿轮箱磨损状态的静电监测信号的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:在负荷试验中,静电监测方法可在部分故障发生前提前监测到风电齿轮箱早期的性能退化;在破坏试验中,静电监测方法比振动监测方法提前200~1000个样本点监测到风电齿轮箱的故障。研究表明,静电监测方法作为一种新型的状态监测技术,能够有效提高对风电齿轮箱磨损状态的监测能力,可对其早期故障的产生作出较准确的预警,这可为大型设备关键部件的状态监测提供参考。
文摘The Bashang area is a water source area and ecological barrier zone for Beijing and Tianjin. The area is located at 200 km from Beijing and Tianjin and is a typical agriculture pasture interlacing zone, in which the eco environment is vulnerable and hence it is sensitive to environmental change. The area is relatively lagged in social and economic development, where the traditional cultivation mode is predominated in agriculture and animal husbandry, but the disturbance by human activity is relatively small. Therefore, in order to reveal the interrelation between eco environmental change in the area and environmental change in Beijing and Tianjin area, it is fairly necessary to study the effect of land use and land cover change on nutrients in soil in this area. According to the actual situation of changed land use for the limited time period, five series of changed land plots were selected and 4 samples were collected from each series for the study. The samples were collected from different soil forming levels at the same site in different time. Analysis of the collected samples indicates that in the process of change of land use and land cover, the nutrients in soil, such as organic matter, total N, total P, total K, and available N, P, K, and B, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe, have regularly changed. When the land had changed from grassland and non irrigated farmland into woodland, and from non irrigated farmland into irrigated field, the nutrients in soil totally increased. But there exists some exception, i.e. quick acting N, P, K, and some microelements have appeared to be inconsistent with the mentioned above regularity in some cases.
文摘The best protocol of perioperative beta-blockers remains uncertain.Previous studies have demonstrated that tight heart rate control by beta-blockers reduced perioperative myocardial ischemia and improved clinical outcomes.However,the recent studies have failed to provide evidence to support perioperative beta blockers,with potential increased mortality as showed in the POISE trial.In this paper,perioperative use of beta-blockers will be discussed,especially about the evolution of their perioperative therapeutic application and current status.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.49872094andNo.40072097)
文摘The Bashang region is a typical vulnerable eco-environmental zone. Our analysis of paleodunes, paleosol profiles, and lake changes taking place during last ten thousands years indicated that: (1) 10 - 6.9 ka B. P. was a post-glacial temperature-increasing stage, in which lakes had their high water level; (2) 6.9 - 3.0 ka B. P. was a large warm stage, during which four paleosol layers were developed and climate fluctuation has assumed 4 - 5 small cold-humid and cold-dry alternations. Since 5.4 ka B. P, the lakes tended to gradually shrink; and by 2.1 ka B. P., water level has fallen by 2.7 m; (3) since 3.0 ka B. P. a general trend of the region was to change into a dry, warm-dry and cold-dry environment.
