浅谈室外景观照明工程的高质量发展

高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。城市室外景观照明的高质量发展应从多维度、多角度、深层次、跨学科系统性解决。本文从浅析学科教育、剖析工程各阶段各角色现状、深入典型质量案例解读等方面,挖掘通往高质量发展道路的难点,并提出三点策略:1)学科教育先行;2)政策重视,规范提升;3)工程建设前中后阶段的数据共享。

聚苯乙炔衍生物的纳米力学性质

基于原子力显微镜技术的单分子力谱方法及圆二色谱法,从单分子水平定量研究了侧链带有酰胺键的聚苯乙炔衍生物所形成的螺旋结构稳定性及影响因素.单分子力谱实验结果表明,向体系中掺杂碘单质后,高分子主链螺旋结构稳定性下降,力谱拉伸曲线平台力值降低;升高溶液pH值后,高分子主链螺旋结构完整性下降,力谱拉伸曲线平台长度缩短.

三级医院护士下背和下肢工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患及其影响因素分析

目的调查三级医院护士下背部和下肢不同部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的患病情况,分析工效学危险因素与护士下背部和下肢各部位WMSDs患病风险之间的关联。方法2018—2020年,采用分层整群抽样,以15家三级医院3060名护士为研究对象,使用《中文版肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》电子问卷系统收集医院护士WMSDs患病及相关危险因素的信息,采用logistic回归模型分析工效学危险因素与护士下背部及下肢不同部位WMSDs患病风险之间的关系。结果护士下背部WMSDs患病率最高,为29.1%;腿部、足或踝部WMSDs患病率分别为21.6%和19.6%;膝部WMSDs患病率最低,为15.3%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,每周工作时长超过40 h、总工龄≥10年、长时间屈膝、搬运重物、以不舒服的姿势工作、多次的重复性操作工作、在同一场所完成工作、大学本科及以上学历会增加护士下背部WMSDs患病风险(OR=1.20~2.26,P<0.05),体育锻炼会降低护士下背部WMSDs患病风险(OR=0.64~0.75,P<0.05);周工作时长超过40 h、长时间屈膝工作、经常和患者进行沟通会增加护士下肢各部位WMSDs患病风险(OR=1.30~2.36,P<0.05);长时间站立、以不舒服的姿势工作、每天从事同样的工作会增加护士腿部WMSDs患病风险(OR=1.82~2.05,P<0.05);搬运重物、以不舒服的姿势工作、每天从事同样的工作会增加护士足或踝部WMSDs患病风险(OR=1.35~1.90,P<0.05);年龄≥30岁、搬运重物会增加护士膝部WMSDs患病风险(OR=1.36、1.36,P<0.05);长时间坐位工作可以降低护士腿部、膝部和足或踝部WMSDs的患病风险(OR=0.60~0.70,P<0.05)。结论三级医院护士下背部及下肢各部位均有不同程度的WMSDs患病风险,应通过加强教育培训、制定相关制度以及提供适宜的操作工具来改善。

90Y树脂微球治疗在临床应用中的放射防护研究

目的探讨90Y树脂微球治疗在临床应用中的放射防护措施。方法模拟90Y树脂微球治疗手术流程,通过监测术前药物分装准备、药物转运、术中药物操作和输注、术后患者住院观察各个阶段周围剂量当量率水平,分析临床应用中所应采取的放射防护措施。结果活性室周围剂量当量率水平为0.12~0.42μSv/h,通风橱周围剂量当量率为1.04~3.32μSv/h。数字减影血管造影(DSA)室在90Y+DSA扫描时最高为0.78μSv/h,在99 Tc^(m)+DSA时最高为036μSv/h;透视防护区在90Y药物时在第一术者位155 cm高度为13.19μSv/h,而在90Y+DSA扫描时最高为80 cm高度处315.01μSv/h。第二术者位在90Y药物时最高为155 cm高度为628μSv/h,90Y+DSA扫描时最高为155 cm高度处291.03μSv/h。患者病房周围剂量当量率为0.11~0.58μSv/h。结论核医学科及介入室等原有屏蔽措施能够满足90Y树脂微球治疗的放射防护要求,但仍需根据实际情况进行科学评估,同时应加强药物操作中的放射防护及表面污染处理措施。

三级医院临床医生工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的特征及影响因素研究

目的研究三级医院临床医生工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的流行病学特征,探讨影响WMSDs发生的危险因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,使用中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所提供的中文版《肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》电子问卷系统,对我国15家三级医院1121名在职临床医生(内科医生412人、外科医生709人)的肌肉骨骼疾患发生情况及其相关因素进行调查分析。结果临床医生WMSDs发生率为55.9%,其中内科医生为59.0%、外科医生为54.2%,主要累及颈部、肩部和背部。长时间坐姿工作、搬运重物>20 kg/次、以不舒服的姿势工作及多次重复性操作是内科医生WMSDs发生的危险因素;长时间跪姿作业、搬运重物(>5 kg/次和>20 kg/次)、需要上肢或手部用力、使用振动工具是外科医生WMSDs发生的危险因素,以不舒服姿势工作时间越长、重复操作频率越高,WMSDs发生危险越高(OR有时=1.57,95%CI 1.17~2.11;OR很频繁=2.46,95%CI 1.83~3.32),而偶尔长时间站立是外科医生WMSDs发生的保护因素。与同事轮流完成工作是内科医生(OR=0.82,95%CI 0.67~0.97)和外科医生(OR=0.78,95%CI 0.67~0.90)发生WMSDs的共同保护因素,每月至少2~3次体育锻炼(OR=0.78,95%CI 0.63~0.98)可降低内科医生WMSDs的发生危险。结论不良工效学因素与临床医生WMSDs的发生密切相关,应通过优化手术器械、改善个人生活方式及制定相关组织制度加以改进。

2016—2021年参加全国个人剂量监测能力考核结果分析

目的分析湖北省职业病医院2016—2021年参加全国个人剂量监测比对考核结果,了解监测结果的影响因素,提高个人剂量监测水平。方法依据全国个人剂量监测能力比对方案及《外照射个人剂量系统性能检验规范》(GBZ 207—2016)完成考核。结果2016—2017年、2020年考核结果为合格,2018—2019年、2021年考核结果为优秀。结论本实验室个人剂量监测能力不断提高,监测结果准确,数据处理规范,满足外照射个人剂量监测相关标准的要求。

Preparation and self-assembly of amphiphilic polymer with aggregation-induced emission characteristics

An amphiphilic polymer bearing tetraphenylethene (TPE) moiety was synthesized by convenient reactions. The polymer exhibits unique aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics and can self-assemble to size-tunable particles in DMF/water mixtures. The polymer nanoparticles can be used for cell imaging, which provides a potential stable fluorescent tool to monitor the distribution of drugs and bioconjugates in living cells.

Facile synthesis of poly(aroxycarbonyltriazole)s with aggregation-induced emission characteristics by metal-free click polymerization

Regioseletive 1,3-dipolar polycycloadditions of 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenyl dipropiolate (1) and tetraphenylethene (TPE)-containing diazides (2) are carried out in polar solvents such as DMF/toluene at a moderate temperature of 100℃ for 6 h,producing poly(aroxycarbonyltriazole)s (PACTs) P3 with high molecular weights (Mw up to 23900) and regioregularities (F1,4 up to ～90%) in high yields (up to ～99%).These metal-free click polymerizations can propagate smoothly in an open atmosphere without protection from oxygen and moisture.The obtained polymers are soluble in common organic solvents and thermally stable at temperatures up to 375℃.Thanks to their contained TPE moieties,the PACTs show aggregation-induced emission and can serve as fluorescent chemosensors for superamplified detection of explosives.

Room temperature phosphorescence from natural products: Crystallization matters

Efficient room temperature phosphorescence is observed in natural compounds and polymers such as starch, cellulose, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and some other carbohydrates. Whereas being practically nonluminescent in solutions and TLC plates, they emit bright phosphorescence in the crystalline states with lifetime up to microseconds, exhibiting crystallization-induced phosphorescence (CIP) characteristics. The CIP of these natural products without any conventional chromophores offers a new platform for the exploration of conceptually novel luminogens.

Crystallization-induced phosphorescence of benzils at room temperature

Efficient room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is rarely observed in pure organic luminogens. However, we have newly observed that benzil and its derivatives are nonluminescent in solvents and thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates, but become highly phosphorescent in crystal state at room temperature, exhibiting typical crystallization-induced phosphorescence (CIP) characteristics. The CIP phenomenon is ascribed to the restriction of intramolecular rotations in crystals owing to effective intermolecular interactions. Such intermolecular interactions greatly rigidify the molecular conformation and significantly decrease the nonradiative deactivation channels of the triplet excitons, thus giving boosted phosphorescent emission at room temperature.

Detection of the critical micelle concentration of cationic and anionic surfactants based on aggregation-induced emission property of hexaphenylsilole derivatives

We report a fluorescence "turn-on" method to detect the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants. This method works well for both cationic and anionic surfactants. It employs an unprecedented mechanism (aggregation-induced emission, or AIE) to determine the CMC values, and the results are consistent with the data obtained by the classical techniques. In addition, this method renders the convenient detection of the CMC values. Any large and professional instruments are unnecessary, instead, a portable UV lamp and an ultrasonic generator are enough to carry out the detection in an ordinary laboratory. Considering that micelles are interesting entities and have found applications in many important fields such as emulsion polymerization, template of nanosized materials synthesis, controllable drug delivery and macromolecular self-assembling. Our experimental results may offer a facile, sensitive and promising method to detect the formation of micelles constructed by the new amphiphilic molecules and macromolecules.

Biocompatible organic dots with aggregation-induced emission for in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging

Fluorescent probes play a key role in modern biomedical research. As compared to inorganic quantum dots (QDs) composed with heavy metal elements, organic dye-based fluorescent nanoparticles have higher biocompatibility and are richer in variety. However, traditional organic fluorophores tend to quench fluorescence upon aggregation, which is known as aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect that hinders the fabrication of highly emissive fluorescent nanoparticles. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of organic fluorescent dots with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in far-red/near-infrared (FA/NIR) region. A conventional ACQ-characteristic fluorescent dye, 3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic perylene bisimide (PBI), is converted into an AIE fluorogen through attaching two tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moieties. The fluorescent dots with surface folic acid groups are fabricated from PBI derivative (DTPEPBI), showing specific targeting effect to folate receptor-overexpressed cancer cells. In vivo studies also suggest that the folic acid-functionalized AIE dots preferentially accumulate in the tumor site through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and folate receptor-mediated active targeting effect. The low cyto-toxicity, good FR/NIR contrast and excellent targeting ability in in vitro/in vivo imaging indicate that the AIE dots have great potentials in advanced bioimaging applications.

Thiol-yne click polymerization

The research on using thiol-ene click reaction to synthesize sulfur-containing polymers with topological structures and advanced functional properties is a hot topic. However, the application of the thiol-yne reaction in the functional polymer preparation is limited and the thiol-yne click polymerization is to be further developed. In this review, we summarized recent research efforts on using thiol-yne click polymerization to synthesize polymers with topological structures. The sulfur-containing polymers were facilely prepared by photo-and thermo-initiated, amine-mediated, and transition-metal-catalyzed thiol-yne click polymerizations. These polymers are promising to be used as drug-delivery vehicles, high refractive index optical materials, photovoltaic materials, and biomaterials etc.

New tetraphenylpyridinium-based luminogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristics

The research on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has drawn increasing interests in the past decade. With the efforts scientists paid, a variety of AIE systems have been developed, among which the tetraphenylethelene and silole derivatives are the most studied. Development of new AIE systems could further enrich the AIE molecules and promote the development of AIE area. In this communication, we prepared a new AIE system based on 1,2,4,6-tetraphenylpyridinium ions according to the restriction of intramolecular rotation mechanism. These molecules could be facilely synthesized via one-step and one-pot reaction. The ionic AIE-active molecules could find wide application in sensing and optoelectronic areas.

Probing the pH-dependent chain dynamics of poly(acrylate acid) in concentrated solution by using a cationic AIE fluorophore

We report a novel strategy to study the chain dynamics of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in a relative concentrated solution (1.0 g/L). The strategy is based on the fluorescent probe (DCTPE) with unique aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Free DCTPE molecules are non-emissive in aqueous solution, but they become highly emissive when trapped in polymer coils. The fluorescence intensity is proportional to the efficiency of trapping DCTPE molecules in polymer coils. By correlation the change of fluorescence intensity with the variation of pH value (from 1.78 to 12.06), the PAA chain's dynamics in the relatively concentrated solution have been elucidated into three processes. In the pH range from 12.06 to 6.0, PAA chains take an extended and non-folding conformation. Changing pH from 6.0 to 3.86, PAA chains are partially protonated and loosely packed polymer coils are formed. Further lowering the pH value of the solution (from 3.86 to 1.78), protonated segments dominate the PAA chains, and at the same time, the intermolecular hydrogen bonding takes effect, thus the polymer chains posses in the conformation of more compact coils.

Biocompatible organic dots with aggregation-induced emission for in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging

Fluorescent probes play a key role in modern biomedical research.As compared to inorganic quantum dots(QDs)composed with heavy metal elements,organic dye-based fluorescent nanoparticles have higher biocompatibility and are richer in variety.However,traditional organic fluorophores tend to quench fluorescence upon aggregation,which is known as aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)effect that hinders the fabrication of highly emissive fluorescent nanoparticles.In this work,we demonstrate the synthesis of organic fluorescent dots with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)in far-red/near-infrared(FA/NIR)region.A conventional ACQ-characteristic fluorescent dye,3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic perylene bisimide(PBI),is converted into an AIE fluorogen through attaching two tetraphenylethylene(TPE)moieties.The fluorescent dots with surface folic acid groups are fabricated from PBI derivative(DTPEPBI),showing specific targeting effect to folate receptor-overexpressed cancer cells.In vivo studies also suggest that the folic acid-functionalized AIE dots preferentially accumulate in the tumor site through enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect and folate receptor-mediated active targeting effect.The low cytotoxicity,good FR/NIR contrast and excellent targeting ability in in vitro/in vivo imaging indicate that the AIE dots have great potentials in advanced bioimaging applications.

Post-functionalization of disubstituted polyacetylenes via click chemistry

We report a synthetic design and the experimental exploration of preparation of disubstituted polyacetylenes(PAs,P3) through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides with precursor PA bearing alkyne pendants.The precursor PA(P2) was derived by desilylation of the pristine PA with trimethylethynylsilane side chains(P1).P1 was obtained by polymerization of a dual-alkyne containing monomer with one of the alkynes end-capping by trimethylsilane(M) under the promotion of WCl6-Ph4Sn catalyst.Two synthetic routes,i.e.two-steps(from P1 to P3 via precursor P2) and one-pot(from P1 to P3 without separation and purification of P2) were tried and the results indicated that one-pot strategy is more facile and resultant P3-1 showed higher purity and higher molecular weight than the resultant of P3-2.By using the techniques such as GPC,FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy the polymerization behavior and the structures of the polymers were well characterized.

Probing the pH-dependent chain dynamics of poly(acrylate acid) in concentrated solution by using a cationic AIE fluorophore

We report a novel strategy to study the chain dynamics of poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)in a relative concentrated solution(1.0 g/L).The strategy is based on the fluorescent probe(DCTPE)with unique aggregation-induced emission(AIE)characteristics.Free DCTPE molecules are non-emissive in aqueous solution,but they become highly emissive when trapped in polymer coils.The fluorescence intensity is proportional to the efficiency of trapping DCTPE molecules in polymer coils.By correlation the change of fluorescence intensity with the variation of pH value(from1.78 to 12.06),the PAA chain’s dynamics in the relatively concentrated solution have been elucidated into three processes.In the pH range from 12.06 to 6.0,PAA chains take an extended and non-folding conformation.Changing pH from 6.0 to 3.86,PAA chains are partially protonated and loosely packed polymer coils are formed.Further lowering the pH value of the solution(from 3.86 to 1.78),protonated segments dominate the PAA chains,and at the same time,the intermolecular hydrogen bonding takes effect,thus the polymer chains posses in the conformation of more compact coils.

Crystallization-induced phosphorescence of benzils at room temperature

Efficient room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)is rarely observed in pure organic luminogens.However,we have newly observed that benzil and its derivatives are nonluminescent in solvents and thin layer chromatography(TLC)plates,but become highly phosphorescent in crystal state at room temperature,exhibiting typical crystallization-induced phosphorescence(CIP)characteristics.The CIP phenomenon is ascribed to the restriction of intramolecular rotations in crystals owing to effective intermolecular interactions.Such intermolecular interactions greatly rigidify the molecular conformation and significantly decrease the nonradiative deactivation channels of the triplet excitons,thus giving boosted phosphorescent emission at room temperature.

New tetraphenylpyridinium-based luminogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristics

The research on aggregation-induced emission(AIE)has drawn increasing interests in the past decade.With the efforts scientists paid,a variety of AIE systems have been developed,among which the tetraphenylethelene and silole derivatives are the most studied.Development of new AIE systems could further enrich the AIE molecules and promote the development of AIE area.In this communication,we prepared a new AIE system based on1,2,4,6-tetraphenylpyridinium ions according to the restriction of intramolecular rotation mechanism.These molecules could be facilely synthesized via one-step and one-pot reaction.The ionic AIE-active molecules could find wide application in sensing and optoelectronic areas.