Productive functional evolution of rural settlements:analysis of livelihood strategy and land use transition in eastern China

In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of three rural settlements, i.e.,Hetaoyuan, Dawengshan, and Gaoqiao, in the Yimeng Mountain in Shandong province of eastern China.Residents lived in this three types of rural settlements were all involved in agricultural production(i.e., grain threshing, drying and storage), which had remained dominant in Hetaoyuan. Dawengshan became an industrial-oriented settlement, while Gaoqiao became a commercial-oriented settlement. This evolution was reflected in the livelihood strategy changes of rural households and the transition of rural settlements changes. The choice of livelihood strategy was affected by the livelihood assets and policies, which resulted in the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of rural settlements. This study can provide references for the implementation and adjustment of rural residential land consolidation policies and the improvement of production and the quality of rural life in future.

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of changes in rural settlements in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin： a case study of Zhangjiakou city, Hebei Province

The rural settlement is one of important aspects to understand regional human-environment relationships. Zhangjiakou city, located in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin, was used as an example to analyze the evolution of rural settlements during 1985–2010 through the use of statistical and spatial analysis methods. The results demonstrate the following:(1) the area of rural settlements expanded from 665.76 to 928.14 km2 during 1985–2010. Rural settlements in prefecture city of Zhangjiakou were significantly agglomerated in terms of their spatial distribution, which presented an approximately normal distribution over the entire period. Rural settlements were usually distributed within regions where the terrain niche had an elevation of between 900 and 1500 m, and a slope from 5? to 20?;(2) there were significant regional differences in the density and size distribution of rural settlements in Zhangjiakou. The density of rural settlements in 2010 was higher than that in 1985, while there was a clustered distribution of rural settlements in 2010. There was a significant high value cluster in the size distribution, and a local negative correlation between the size and density distribution of rural settlements in Zhangjiakou;(3) rural economic development, investment in agricultural technology, and infrastructure improvement played important roles in the evolution of rural settlements. There were spatial differences in the relationship between the distribution of rural settlements and socio-economic factors in Zhangjiakou. This study provides practical guidance for the achievement of urban and rural integration development and the promotion of a new form of countryside construction.

土地生态功能与经济发展水平的耦合协调关系研究——以鲁南经济带为例

以山东省鲁南经济带为例,运用耦合协调模型与双变量空间自相关分析法综合测度了2000—2018年该经济带土地生态功能与经济发展耦合协调度的时空演变特征。结果表明:①2000—2018年鲁南经济带县域经济发展水平总体呈现"中部高、四周低"的空间格局,土地生态功能水平呈现"东高西低"的空间格局。②土地生态功能与经济发展具有明显局部空间关联性,高—高型县区集中分布于鲁南经济带中部济宁市与枣庄市交界地区,低—低型县区集中分布于西部地区并呈现收缩态势,高—低型县域分布于低—低型县区边缘,低—高型县区呈现向中部收缩的态势。③土地生态功能与经济发展耦合协调度呈现波动上升,整体协调度有所提升,空间差异增大。

The Application of Scenario Analysis in the Overall Planning of Land Use:A Case Study of Shangluo City in Shaanxi Province

The overall planning of land use is a complex process of joint action of social system, natural and economic conditions. On the basis of summarizing the existing researches, we select Shaanxi's Shangluo City, located in the Qinba mountainous area as the study object, to expound the concept and steps of scenario analysis based on land use change data, under the guidance of ecological safety and sustainable development theory. We design four different scenarios of land use planning program in Shangluo City during the period 2006-2020, and use grey linear programming model to analyze each scenario. The results show that the scenario analysis is feasible in the adjustment of land use structure in Shangluo City; operable in the determining of land use planning program on a macro-municipal scale.

生态退耕前后张家口市耕地变化及影响因素识别

耕地变化与相关土地政策密切相关,为揭示生态退耕政策实施前后,耕地变化特征及其影响因素的差异性,该研究以北方农牧交错区——张家口市为例,分析了生态退耕前后(1989—2000年和2000—2015年)耕地变化特征。在此基础上,应用多项Logistic回归模型研究了耕地变化的影响因素。研究结果表明:1)耕地面积由1989年的1 090 031.02 hm^2减少到2015年的924 647.32 hm^2,持续减少了15.17%,特别是生态退耕后,耕地减少速度加快;但耕地仍然集中分布在张北县、康保县、沽源县。2)生态退耕前后,耕地转出与转入并存。与生态退耕前相比,生态退耕后耕地转换变化总面积增加121 695.72 hm^2,其中转出面积增加占88.72%;耕地主要转换去向由草地(17 063.59 hm^2)、建设用地(9 007.00 hm^2)、林地(8 932.72 hm^2)和园地(5 981.19 hm^2),变为林地(51 902.41 hm^2)、园地(40 311.23 hm^2)、草地(32 292.66 hm^2)和建设用地(23 152.11 hm^2)。3)生态退耕前后,耕地转换变化的影响因素不同。退耕前,海拔和坡度分别是耕地转为园地、林地和转为草地、建设用地的主导因素;退耕后,耕地转化的影响因素多样化,海拔仍是耕地向园地转换的主导影响因素,人均GDP变化和到最近道路距离分别成为耕地转为林地、草地和转为建设用地的首要因素。基本农田保护区和自然保护区对耕地转为园地、林地和草地也起着重要作用。研究结果能为张家口市耕地保护、生态环境保护及经济社会协调发展提供科学依据。