现代名老中医哮病诊疗证候特点的文献研究

目的:基于现代百余年名老中医诊治哮病的文献,分析哮病常见证候及其临床特征,为临床辨证提供理论依据。方法:基于已建立的"现代名老中医肺病数据库"和"期刊中医肺病数据库",检索相关文献建立"现代名老中医诊治哮病文献研究数据库",利用EXCEL2007、SPSS 20. 0软件,采用频数描述、因子分析与聚类分析等方法进行分析。结果:筛选出哮病证候56种,频率≥3. 5%的证候13种,即痰热壅肺证、痰湿阻肺证、风寒袭肺证、痰饮停肺证、肺气虚证、肺肾两虚证、冷哮证、脾气虚证、肺阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、热哮证、寒饮停肺证和肺脾气虚证。对常见症状做因子分析与聚类分析,推断出常见证候8种,即痰热壅肺证、风寒袭肺证、肺气虚证、肺阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、肺脾气虚证、阳虚证。据此,总结出哮病的常见证候6种:痰热壅肺证、风寒袭肺证、肺气虚证、肺阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、肺脾气虚证。结论:本研究结果中肺阴虚证和脾肾阳虚证在现存教材及以往相关研究中少见,值得进一步讨论。

链脲佐菌素诱导Brown Norway大鼠糖尿病视网膜病变模型的建立

目的:探索在BN大鼠鼠眼建立糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)动物模型的方法。方法:40只成年健康雄性BN大鼠(80只眼)随机分为实验组和对照组,每组20只。实验组大鼠高脂饲料喂养1个月后,链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠高血糖状态,于造模前、造模后24 h、72 h、1周多次测随机血糖,筛选出糖尿病(DM)大鼠。模型建立观察1周后,开始计算DM病程。观察时间点为DM病程1、2、3、6个月,观察大鼠的一般形态学及行为学改变,测血糖、体质量,行荧光素钠眼底造影(FFA),取鼠眼行HE染色,观察其视网膜组织学改变。结果:实验组BN大鼠总成模率为100%,死亡率为15%;正常组大鼠无死亡。随着病程的进展,实验组与对照组大鼠在血糖、体质量、大体形态及视网膜微循环组织形态变化等方面,差异有统计学意义。结论:STZ诱导的BN大鼠DR模型大体表现与DM患者的临床表现相似,视网膜组织形态学改变与DR患者类似,相较于无色素SD大鼠,BN大鼠视网膜色素的存在更类似于人类视网膜,应用范围更广。

名老中医诊治胸腔积液文献分析

目的:通过整理名老中医诊治胸腔积液的文献,研究胸腔积液的病因病机与证素分布组合规律。方法:检索已有的《现代名老中医肺病数据库》和《期刊中医肺病数据库》,建立《现代名老中医诊治胸腔积液文献研究数据库》,运用SPSS22. 0软件采用频数统计、相关分析等统计方法进行分析。结果:胸腔积液常见病因有内因、内热、虚邪、内湿、水邪、饮、瘀血等,病机以痰热蕴肺、水饮内停、痰瘀互结、气阴两虚、肺脾两虚、血瘀较为常见; 13个证素中,病性证素以热、饮、痰出现频率较高;病位证素以胸膈为主,涉及肺、脾、半表半里、肾;证素组合以两证素、三证素组合为主;病性证素常见组合为痰+热、阴虚+热,病位在胸膈,病变脏腑多在肺。结论:现代名老中医对胸腔积液病因病机的认识,除与目前教材、专著论述相同外,尚可见以往少有报道的内湿等病因,肝胆湿热、肝脾不和等病机,丰富了胸腔积液的病因病机理论。

在线开放课程在《医学免疫学》教学中的应用与思考

在线开放课程是一种信息技术与教学资源融合的新型教学模式,在促进教学改革方面具有重要作用。医学免疫学是医学院校临床及相关专业的主干课程之一,具有理论抽象、内容繁杂、知识点多的特点。因此,充分利用网络平台,提供学生和相关人员能够随时在线学习的便利性对于该课程的学习及普及具有重要意义。新乡医学院的《医学免疫学》课程是首个在中国大学MOOC上线运行的免疫学在线开放课程,开课第一学期,选课总人数1 734人。本文以我校在线开放课程《医学免疫学》课程为例,从课程规划、内容设计、微课制作、推广使用及效果评价等多方面详细阐述了在线开放课程的建设情况,并对在线开放课程的建设及运行存在的问题进行了探讨。

依托慕课的形成性评价在《医学免疫学》教学中的应用与实践

课程教学评价对课程的教学目标以及专业人才培养目标的实现具有重要的引导作用。考核评价体系是课程教学评价的重要组成部分。慕课是一种信息技术与教学资源融合的新型教学模式,在促进教学改革方面具有重要的作用。依托慕课开展形成性评价既能达到标准化的评价,也能大大减轻教师的工作量。本文以我校省级高校精品在线开放课程《医学免疫学》课程为例,阐述和总结形成性评价在我校的应用效果,并对未来更好的使用进行展望。

沧州化工类职业教育与产业深度融合研究

为了更好地发挥产教融合在促进职业教育健康发展和产业转型升级中的重要作用,探讨了深化产教融合的方式方法,提出通过深化校企合作等方式不断加大产教融合的力度和深度,实现校企双赢,为区域经济发展提供强劲动力。

Dan Huang Ming Mu Recipe Suppresses the Progression of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Retinopathy After Retinal Laser Photocoagulation in Brown Norway Rats via Down-regulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Up-regulating Pigment Epithelium-derived

Objective To analyze the effects of Dan Huang Ming Mu Recipe(DHMMR)(a pharmaceutical preparation from herbs and having the function of replenishing vital essence,removing heat,promoting blood circulation and excreting pathogenic water) on diabetic retinopathy(DR) after retinal laser photocoagulation through regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF).Methods Forty male Brown Norway(BN) rats were randomly divided into blank group(group A,10 BN rats) and model group(30 BN rats).DR models were induced by 40 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ) and the body weight and blood glucose of rats were monitored.After 12-week injection,fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA) and histopathological examination were detected to confirm the successful establishment of DR models.Subsequently,the right eyes of model group rats were conducted retinal laser photocoagulation with the left eyes having no retinal laser photocoagulation and rats of the model group were randomly divided into group B(the model control group),group C(the positive control group),and group D(the DHMMR group),with 10 rats in each group.Rats of the group A and the group B were given vehicle,and the group C were given calcium dobesilate suspension by gavage,and the group D were given DHMMR by gavage.After 4-week gavage,FFA was carried out to observe the fundus microvascular change.Then,the rats were sacrificed to do histopathological examinations and the serum levels of P-selectin,cAMP,cGMP,and the relative expression of the protein of VEGF and PEDF in retina were detected.Results After 12-week STZ injection,the blood glucose of the model group were pronouncedly higher than the blank group(P < 0.01).Fundus micro-hemangioma changes were observed in the rats of the model group through FFA,and the rats of the blank group did not see any changes.The pictures of HE staining showed that the retinal structure of the model group was more disordered than the blank group.After 4-week gavage,treatments with DHMMR showed dramatic reduction of serum levels of Pselectin,cAMP and cGMP compared with the group B(P < 0.01).FFA and histopathological examinations of DHMMR-treated rats revealed significantly suppression of retinal edema,fundus microvascular destruction and retinal destruction distinguishing from the group B.And the relative expression of VEGF protein of the group D and the group A was markedly lower than that of the group B(P < 0.01).The relative expression of PEDF protein of the group D and the group A was dramatically higher than that of the group B to the contrary(P < 0.01).Conclusions DHMMR demonstrates pronounced suppressive effects on the progression of DR after retinal laser photocoagulation,through down-regulating VEGF and upregulating PEDF.

丹黄明目汤对糖尿病视网膜病变激光术后大鼠VEGF表达的影响

目的:探讨丹黄明目汤对糖尿病视网膜病变激光术后大鼠血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的影响。方法:采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)一次性腹腔注射诱发大鼠糖尿病视网膜病变模型,并将造模成功的80只大鼠随机分为激光造模组(60只)、D组(20只);激光造模组应用532氩激光对大鼠行全视网膜激光光凝治疗,可见明显激光斑形成即为激光造模成功。大鼠造模成功后随机分为A、B、C组。A、B、C组大鼠分别予丹黄明目汤、羟苯磺酸钙混悬液、蒸馏水灌胃,D组大鼠予蒸馏水灌胃。给药前后分别观察眼底,采用RT-PCR、Western-blotting法检测VEGF的相对表达量。结果:RT-PCR显示A组大鼠VEGF的表达水平显著低于B组、C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Western-blotting蛋白印迹示踪法显示A组大鼠VEGF表达明显低于B组、C组、D组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:丹黄明目汤可抑制糖尿病视网膜病变激光术后大鼠VEGF的表达。

热休克蛋白与红系发育

热休克蛋白(heat shock protein, HSP)是一类广泛存在且高度保守的分子伴侣蛋白质,参与生物体多种生理生化过程的调控。红细胞生成起源于造血干细胞,发育调控高度特化且机制复杂。在生理性红细胞发育过程中,红系细胞的增殖与分化、血红蛋白的合成与降解及线粒体自噬等生命活动都需要热休克蛋白的参与。不仅如此,越来越多的证据表明,地中海贫血、纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血及骨髓异常增生综合征等红细胞异常相关疾病的发生与热休克蛋白的异常表达有关。因此,全面了解红系发育中热休克蛋白的作用与机制将有助于阐明这些红细胞异常相关疾病的发生机理,并由此探索更多的治疗策略。该文就目前热休克蛋白与红系发育相关的研究进行综述,并对相关疾病诊疗研究新方向提出展望。