LACE风险模型下延伸护理对冠心病行PCI术患者自我管理能力及运动耐力的影响

目的探讨LACE风险模型下延伸护理在冠心病行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术患者中的应用效果。方法选择本院接收的60例冠心病行PCI术患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组给予常规院后护理,观察组给予常规院后护理+LACE风险模型下延伸护理。比较两组的护理效果。结果干预后,观察组的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、冠心病自我管理量表(CSMS)评分及6 min步行试验(6MWT)距离均高于对照组,左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,观察组的心功能分级优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的不良心血管事件总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论LACE风险模型下延伸护理在冠心病行PCI术患者中的应用效果显著。

高效液相色谱法测定试验鸡肉中水飞蓟宾含量

为建立试验鸡肉中水飞蓟宾含量的高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)检测方法,以乙酸乙酯为提取剂从鸡肉匀浆中提取水飞蓟宾后,采用C18色谱柱,在流动相为水∶甲醇=47∶53(体积比)、柱温30℃、流速0.65 mL/min、检测波长288 nm、进样量20μL的条件下进行分离检测。结果显示,水飞蓟宾标准品浓度在0.1~5.0μg/mL时线性关系良好,标准曲线方程为y=95.16x-0.8753,相关系数R2=0.9996,检测试验鸡肉中水飞蓟宾的平均回收率为88.45%~104.34%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为1.85%~2.94%。结果表明,该方法简单易行,精密度较高,回收率良好,可用于试验鸡肉中水飞蓟宾含量的测定。

高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中L-肉碱含量

试验旨在建立高效液相色谱(high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法检测鸡血浆中L-肉碱含量的方法。样品采用乙腈甲醇混合液(9∶1,体积比)提取,涡旋振荡,离心,定容后,经0.22μm滤膜过滤,使用ACE Excel 5Super C_(18)色谱柱进行分离。流动相为乙腈-5 mmol/L庚烷磺酸钠(加入0.1%磷酸)水溶液(15∶85,体积比),流速0.6 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长210 nm,进样量20μL。结果显示,该条件下,L-肉碱质量浓度与其峰面积在0.01~0.60 mg/mL内,具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,检测限为0.005 mg/mL,定量限为0.017 mg/mL,平均回收率为97.393%~98.703%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.8%(n=6)。使用该方法测得鸡血浆中L-肉碱峰型良好,无杂峰干扰。研究表明该方法成本低,操作简单,有较高的回收率,适用于鸡血浆中L-肉碱的含量测定。

鄂尔多斯盆地延安组低阻油藏流体类型测井评价研究

以鄂尔多斯盆地西南部地区延安组为例,利用大量岩电、测井、地层水矿化度、试油等资料,开展了低阻油藏流体类型精细测井评价。研究结果表明,延安组油藏电阻率下限可达7Ω·m,低阻与黏土组分、泥浆侵入及高地层水矿化度相关。当地层水矿化度高于50000 mg/L,油藏电阻率通常小于10Ω·m。构建了延安组地层水矿化度的测井解释方法,并确定了延安组油藏的岩电参数。

2021年青海玛多7.4级地震的同震变形分析

2021年5月22日,青海省玛多县发生了7.4级地震,该地震发生在巴颜喀拉地块北部边界东昆仑断裂带以南约70 km,属于块体内部断裂带地震.根据中国大陆构造环境监测网络提供资料,距离震源30多公里的玛多台站记录到东西向永久位移约25 cm.同时,InSAR也观测到明显的形变场,升轨和降轨的最大相对形变量分别约1.87 m和2.32 m.为了解释这些大地测量观测数据,本文利用该地震的三个断层滑动模型,基于不同地球模型的地震位错理论,计算同震变形场,并分别与GNSS观测数据和InSAR视线向形变量对比分析,结果显示基于InSAR数据反演的断层滑动模型产生的位移场与球形地球模型的理论计算结果最为吻合.进一步,利用较优断层模型计算2021年青海玛多7.4级地震的理论同震位移、大地水准面、重力和应变等变化,该结果为玛多地震的GNSS和重力观测的解释提供理论参考依据.

基于近红外光谱的条斑紫菜菌落总数快速检测技术

为了探究快速、无损地检测条斑紫菜质量的可行性,本研究开发了一种基于近红外光谱技术的条斑紫菜微生物污染程度的定量分析方法。首先对来自不同海域的紫菜样本的菌落总数进行了测定,然后采集了155组样本的原始光谱信息和菌落总数信息。用标准正态变量变换(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)、二阶导数(Secondorder derivative)等方法对光谱数据进行预处理。在完成最佳预处理方法筛选后,建立了基于光谱信息的非线性拟合(MLR)、支撑向量回归(SVR)、人工神经网络(ANN)、卷积神经网络(CNN)菌落总数预测模型。结果表明,标准正态变量变换与二阶导数的组合预处理效果最优,基于全波段下深度学习模型CNN预测效果最好(r值为0.940)。由此说明,CNN作为一种深度学习模型,可以实现针对条斑紫菜微生物品质的快速评价。

球形地球模型的地震位错理论及其应用

地震位错理论是研究地震断层滑动与地球物理场变化之间关系的理论,是震源机制、地球内部构造、地震预测等基本地球物理问题与大地测量、地球物理观测数据之间的联系纽带。被广泛使用的半无限空间介质模型的位错理论,由于其几何模型的限制,在地震变形和地球动力学等应用研究中会导致一定程度的误差。此外,现代大地测量技术可以在全球和区域尺度上精确地观测地震变形,亟需一个适用于全球地震变形研究的地震位错理论。为此,本团队基于球形地球模型,经过多年系统性研究,建立了地震位错理论新体系。所构建的球形地球模型的地震位错理论,促进了全球地震变形和地球动力学变化的研究,是近年来地球物理学领域取得的重要理论进展之一。本文简要地介绍了国内球形地球模型地震位错理论的发展及其应用研究。首先,介绍了弹性球形地球模型、三维不均匀地球模型和黏弹地球模型的位错理论;其次,介绍球形地球模型的位错理论在地球动力学变化研究、断层与地下介质结构反演和地震大地测量学研究方面的相关应用;最后,对球形地球模型的位错理论的发展方向作出展望。

Advances, Problems and Prospects of Modern Geodesy Applied in Tibetan Geodynamic Changes

Modern geodetic techniques have developed rapidly in recent years, providing reliable observation data and new effective approaches, and greatly enhancing studies of the Tibetan geodynamics. For instance, the well-known GPS technique has been employed to measure seismic slips for many faults in the Tibetan Plateau. GPS data agree well with the hypothesis of a thickening crust and eastward mass flow. Moreover, absolute gravimetric data have been applied to interpret geophysical phenomena such as crust movement, co-seismic gravity change, GIA, and ground water change. The satellite gravity mission GRACE launched in 2002 provided global gravity models with unprecedentedly high precision and high spatial resolution. It has been used in implementing temporal gravity changes and improving our knowledge of the Earth＇s interior, including lithosphere dynamics, mantle viscosity and rheology, plateau uplift, and subduction processing. It is noteworthy that gravity presents unique advantages for the study of Tibetan geodynamics because of its sensitivity to mass migration and dynamic redistribution. To date, great advances have been made in applying modern geodetic data in studying dynamic changes of Tibetan plateau. For instance, the horizontal displacement field from GPS data revealed dynamical characteristics of the present-day Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity anomalies and topographic data describe the tectonic characteristics of Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity data and GPS data show present properties of the Tibetan plateau such as crust thickening, Moho＇s subsidence, and plateau uplift. GRACE data were used to estimate the distribution of ice/snow melting. These results demonstrate that mere application of integrated geodetic data as well as geophysical methods and numerical simulations can enhance our knowledge of Tibetan plateau dynamics. It must be pointed out that GRACE data include various geophysical signals such as crust vertical movement, denudation, ice and snow melting, GIA, ground water change, and permafrost degradation. To separate the tectonic information from other impulses, each physical signal must be evaluated and corrected carefully from the GRACE data. The Tibetan geodynamic problem is a complicated and synthetic issue that must be addressed through collaboration of workers in many fields. Succinctly put, although great achievements have been made in studying Tibetan plateau dynamics from each field, the dynamical process remains unclear. Some fundamental problems remain unresolved. They should be solved with modern geodetic data, such as GRACE, GPS, and absolute gravity data, combined with meteorological and geological data, for quantitative analysis of Tibetan plateau dynamics affected by respective geophysical sources. This review article introduces and discusses the scientific importance, advances, problems, and prospects of modern geodesy applied to the study of geodynamic changes of the Tibetan plateau.

多因素logistic回归分析眶下间隙感染的影响因素及五水头孢唑林钠的干预效果研究

目的:探讨多因素logistic回归分析眶下间隙感染的影响因素及五水头孢唑林钠干预效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年5月-2021年2月庄河市中心医院口腔科收治的532例患者的临床资料,根据患者是否为眶下间隙感染分为感染组(n=47)和非感染组(n=485)。查阅医院的档案资料,记录两组性别、年龄、侵入性操作、高血压史、糖尿病史、预防性抗生素使用、低蛋白血症、体重指数(BMI)、误吸等情况,并进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析。按照治疗方法将感染组患者分为观察组(n=25)和对照组(n=22),对照组采用头孢唑林钠治疗,观察组采用五水头孢唑林钠干预,用药7 d后,比较两组干预效果。结果:532例口腔科患者参考眶下间隙感染标准最终确诊47例,确诊率为8.83%。单因素分析结果表明,感染组与非感染组患者的年龄、侵入性操作、预防性抗生素使用、低蛋白血症、误吸情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic分析结果表明,年龄、侵入性操作、未预防性使用抗生素、低蛋白血症、误吸是发生眶下间隙感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。观察组给予五水头孢唑林钠干预后患者体温恢复、肿胀消失、住院时间、疼痛消失时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:口腔科眶下间隙感染率较高,且受到的影响因素较多,且不同因素能相互作用及影响,给予患者五水头孢唑林钠干预能缩短患者恢复时间。

Dynamic changes of gravity fields before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake(Ms8.0)

The pattern evolution and dynamic mechanism of the dynamic changes of regional gravity fields occurring before and after the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake are analyzed, based on five epochs of 1998 -2007 mobile gravity data from the middle-south section of the north-south seismic belt, and two epochs of field research data collected after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in combination with GPS data, leveling observations, and geotectonic environment data. The regional dynamic gravity changes demonstrate the effects of the eastward flow of solid matter in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and the preparation of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake （2- 10 yr）. The two most meaningful gravity indicators of the Wcnchuan earthquake preparation are the positive （increasing） gravity changes occurring over many years in the southwest epicenter and the largescale gradient zone of gravity variation, with the cumulative difference between the two sides of the gradient zone of gravity exceeding 200 μGal. The positive gravity changes may facilitate a constant energy accumulation and the gradient belt may support seismic shear breakage. Overall, the gravity changes associated with the earthquake preparation indicate a pattern of accelerating increase-decelerating increase-earthquake occurrence. The Songpan-Ganzi block generally displays a negative gravity change, providing evidence for a local upwarp- ing of the deep crust-mantle and an interior expansion of the deep crust attributable to high temperatures. The viewpoint is consistent with the dilatant mechanism for earthquake preparation.

Co-seismic Earth's rotation caused by the 2012 Sumatra earthquake

Earthquakes heavily deform the crust in the vicinity of the fault, which leads to mass redistribution in the earth interior. Then it will produce the change of the Earth＇s rotation （ polar motion and length of day） due to the change of Earth inertial moment. This paper adopts the elastic dislocation to compute the co-seismic polar motion and variation in length of day （LOD） caused by the 2011 Sumatra earthquake. The Earth＇s rota- tional axis shifted about 1 mas and this earthquake decreased the length of day of 1 p,s, indicating the tendency of earthquakes make the Earth rounder and to pull the mass toward the centre of the Earth. The result of varia- tion in length of day is one order of magnitude smaller than the observed results that are available. We also compared the results of three fault models and find the co-seismic change is depended on the fault model.

浅谈“逆作法”钢结构安装技术

钢结构工程施工“逆作法”与普通施工相同的是先安装竖向通长结构钢柱,再由上至下逆向安装钢梁;不同点为:1)室内安装钢支撑回顶支护原结构梁板;2)在新建钢柱部位将原结构梁板及混凝土柱上下贯通式拆除,形成上下通透式安装洞口;3)新建外墙并安装钢梁预埋件;4)安装新建地下一层顶钢梁,实现逆作法第一个节点目标;5)由上至下逐层进行原结构室内拆除,再由上至下逐层完成室内逆作法钢梁安装。安装钢柱过程中,上下贯通式安装洞口的尺寸将直接影响钢柱能否顺利安装,安装难度极大;由于室内无法满足大型起重机械的使用要求,因此钢梁的安装过程也十分复杂。采用“逆作法”施工,顺利完成了钢结构工程,取得了满意的效果。

Characteristics of gravity signal and loading effect in China

The complex geographical environment in China makes its gravity signals miscellaneous.This work gives a comprehensive representation and explanation in secular trend of gravity change in different regions,the key features of which include positive trend in inner Tibet Plateau and South China and negative trend in North China plain and high mountain Asia（HMA）.We also present the patterns of amplitudes and phases of annual and semiannual change.The mechanism underlying the semiannual period is explicitly discussed.The displacement in three directions expressed in terms of geo-potential spherical coefficients and load Love numbers are given.A case study applied with these equations is presented.The results show that Global Positioning System（GPS） observations can be used to compare with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） derived displacement and the vertical direction has a signal-noise-ratio of about one order of magnitude larger than the horizontal directions.

环境损害鉴定评估关键技术问题探讨

环境损害鉴定评估是针对环境损害问题的技术支持手段,通过对环境损害的鉴定评估,采取相应措施对损害环境的人员或企业进行法律处罚,可有效打击环境破坏行为。在调查取证困难,且没有明确的技术支持下,环境损害鉴定评估工作的开展是非常困难的,面对这一现状,本文中提出了几点建议,用以解决这一难题。

低温高磁感取向硅钢板坯后续工艺流程中的织构演变

基于采用低温加热工艺制备的高磁感取向硅钢板坯,利用EBSD技术分析了热轧、常化、冷轧和初次再结晶阶段织构的主要组成和Goss织构的分布。结果表明,热轧板的表层是高斯织构的起源,在过渡区{100}、{110}和{111}三种面织构都有一定的占比,中心形变区域占比最多的是{100}<110>立方织构。常化板的表层存在较多的{110}<112>黄铜织构和{110}<001>Goss织构,过渡区和中心形变区都有较多的{114}<418>织构,中心形变区占比最多的是{112}<110>α线织构。冷轧织构以{112}<110>α织构为主,还有较多的{100}<110>织构。经过脱碳退火和渗氮工艺后,初次再结晶以{114}<418>织构和{111}<112>γ线织构为主。

基于近红外光谱与深度学习的紫菜水分无损检测

为探索近红外光谱结合深度学习网络对紫菜水分定量检测的可行性,本研究检测并收集了479组干条斑紫菜的光谱数据和水分含量数据,分别使用四种方法对其中的光谱数据进行了预处理,并在全波段下建立了四种传统定量水分预测模型和一种卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Networks,CNN)深度学习水分预测模型。对比五种模型预测结果后发现,在S-G平滑结合二阶导数的预处理方法下所建立的CNN模型预测效果最佳,其预测均方根误差(Root-Mean-Square Error of Prediction,RMSEP)值为0.456,预测集决定系数(Coefficient of Determination of Prediction,R_(p)^(2))值为0.990,优化后,该模型的RMSEP值降至0.342,R_(p)^(2)值可以达到0.994(>0.8),同时,外部验证相对误差(Ratio of Performance to Deviation for Validation,RPD)值达6.155(>3),证明了模型实际应用于农业和食品工业的可能性。该CNN模型能够快速、准确、无损地预测条斑紫菜的水分含量,提高了紫菜水分检测的效率和准确性,为相关干制水产品的质量控制提供了重要的参考依据。

从科教融合到科学引领――中国特色的行星科学建设思路

行星科学是一门新兴交叉学科,形成于20世纪60—70年代的第一次国际深空探测热潮。行星科学是研究太阳系内与系外行星、卫星、彗星等天体和行星系的基本特征,以及它们形成和演化过程的科学。行星科学以深空探测为主要研究手段,由地球科学、空间科学、天文学等学科交叉产生。当今世界美国成为独一无二的行星科学强国,缘于其率先建立了行星科学学科和人才培养体系,以及科学引领深空探测的发展思路。当前国际上处于第二次深空探测热潮的上升期,我国的深空探测事业迅猛发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,已然成为崛起中的深空探测大国。但是,我国的行星科学学科尚未建立,亦无人才培养体系,无法匹配和支撑国家深空探测战略规划的实施。行星科学学科建设的滞后已成为制约我国成为深空探测强国和行星科学强国的瓶颈。因此,行星科学一级学科建设迫在眉睫。中国科学院大学等高校有条件、有能力、有优势率先建成行星科学一级学科,继而带动相关高校共建中国行星科学人才培养体系,服务和引领未来深空探测计划,推动我国成为行星科学强国。对比美国行星科学发展历程和当今我国国情,我们认为,充分发挥中国科学院大学科教融合办学模式的优势,有望探索出一条有中国特色的行星科学一级学科建设之路。

地球重力场及其地学应用研究进展--2020中国地球科学联合学术年会专题综述

地球重力场及其地学应用是地球科学领域的重要内容之一,在国家基础测绘、灾害监测、资源勘探、地表圈层耦合作用和航空航天等方面等都具有不可替代的重要作用。近年来,随着重力场观测技术的不断革新,重力测量以及相应的理论、方法及应用的发展迅速,取得了丰硕的研究成果。2020年中国地球科学联合学术年会重力场专题报告(包括42个口头报告和10个张贴报告)就是这些成果的集中展示。基于年会重力场专题报告内容,综述了我国近年来在地球重力场及其地学应用方面的最新研究进展。

Viscous lithospheric structure beneath Sumatra inferred from post-seismic gravity changes detected by GRACE

Satellite gravity data of the regional rheological structure of the lithosphere in the vicinity of Sumatra is used as evidence to enable a better understanding of the regional geodynamic environment.The data is interpreted using the theory of post-seismic viscoelastic relaxation.Coand post-seismic changes in the gravity field resulting from the 2004 M w 9.3 Sumatra earthquake were calculated from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data.A spatial Gaussian filter,500 km wide,was used in the calculation.The results indicate that there were significant co-seismic jumps in both uplifted and subducted regions.The magnitude of the jump in the subducted zone was ～9 10 8 m/s 2,more significant than the ～2 10 8 m/s 2 jump observed in the uplifted zone.However,a positive gravity change occurred in the uplifted zone very soon after the earthquake.The rheological structure of the lithosphere has a great effect on deformation and its determination is a fundamental part of developing reliable numerical simulations in geodynamics.Based on the temporally-variable gravity field observed by GRACE,the viscous lithospheric structure of the Sumatra area is investigated with a self-gravitating,half space,viscoelastic earth model.The estimated viscosity is of the order of 1.0 10 18 Pa·s and there are differences in the rheological parameters on the two sides of the fault.The factors that affect the viscosity are discussed in connection with the tectonic structure of the Sumatra area.

Effects of Gaussian filter in processing GRACE data: Gravity rate of change at Lhasa,southern Tibet

In this paper, the spatial gravity distribution over Tibetan Plateau and the gravity rate of change at Lhasa for different Gaussian filter radii are computed using GRACE data. Results show that the estimate of the gravity rate of change is spatialradius-dependent of the Ganssian filter. The GRACE-estimated gravity rate of change agrees well with the surface measured one. In other words, the GRACE-estimated gravity rate of change has a limited value as that obtained by surface measurement when the spatial filter radius reaches zero. Then numerical simulations are made for different spatial radii of the Gaussian filter to investigate its behaviors when applied to surface signals. Results show that the estimate of a physical signal is filter-radius dependent. If the computing area is equal to or less than the mass area, especially for a uniformly distributed mass, the estimate gives an almost correct result, no matter what filter radius is used. The estimate has large error because of the signal leakage caused by harmonic truncation if the computing area is much bigger than the mass distribution （or inverse for a small mass anomaly）. If a mass anomaly is too small, it is difficult to recover it from space observation unless the filter radius is extremely small. If the computing point （or area） is outside the mass distribution, the estimated result is almost zero, particularly for small filter radii. These properties of the Gaussian filter are helpful in applying GRACE data in different geophysical problems with different spatial position and geometrical size. We further discuss physical sources causing the scalar gravity change at Lhasa. Discussions indicate that the gravity rate of change at Lhasa is not caused by the present-day ice melting （PDIM） （or Little Ice Age, LIA） effect because no ice melting occurs in Lhasa city and nearby. The gravity rate of change is attributable mainly to tectonic deformation associated with the Indian Plate collision. Simultaneous surface displacement, surface denudation, and GIA effects are not negligible.