A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in intensive pear orchards in the Tai Lake Basin.Nitrogen and phosp...A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in intensive pear orchards in the Tai Lake Basin.Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff over a whole year were measured by using successional runoff water collection devices.The four experimental treatments were conventional fertilization(CK),drip fertigation(DF),conventional fertilization combined with plant hedgerows(C+H),and drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows(D+H).The results from one year of continuous monitoring showed a significant positive correlation between precipitation and surface runoff discharge.Surface runoff discharge under the treatments without plant hedgerows totaled 15.86%of precipitation,while surface runoff discharge under the treatments with plant hedgerows totaled 12.82%of precipitation.Plant hedgerows reduced the number of runoff events and the amount of surface runoff.Precipitation is the main driving force for the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff,and fertilization is an important factor affecting the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus.In CK,approximately 7.36%of nitrogen and 2.63%of phosphorus from fertilization entered the surface water through runoff.Drip fertigation reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil and lowered the runoff loss concentrations of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows significantly reduced the overall TN and TP losses by 45.38 and 36.81%,respectively,in comparison to the CK totals.Drip fertigation increased the vertical migration depth of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil,which increased the pear yield.The promotion of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows will greatly reduce the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus to runoff and maintain the high fruit yields in the intensive orchards of the Tai Lake Basin.展开更多
为了抵抗量子计算机的攻击,相关的后量子密码算法被先后提出.NTRU(Number Theory Research Unit)密码算法是基于格理论的典型算法之一,在NTRU密码方案的硬件设计及实现过程中,主要会面临格攻击、简单能量攻击、差分能量攻击及相关能量...为了抵抗量子计算机的攻击,相关的后量子密码算法被先后提出.NTRU(Number Theory Research Unit)密码算法是基于格理论的典型算法之一,在NTRU密码方案的硬件设计及实现过程中,主要会面临格攻击、简单能量攻击、差分能量攻击及相关能量攻击等风险.为了解决NTRU算法在实现过程中的侧信道攻击安全隐患,提出一种新的全同态掩码防御方案,并给出电路设计参考模型,所提出方案能够对NTRU算法所有系数执行掩码操作并防范能量攻击.本方案的密钥生成部分采用高斯抽样算法,解密部分采用同态加密实现密文间的全同态运算.设计的全同态掩码方案电路模型中,根据算法功能分为数据采样区、存储区及运算区.本方案通过高斯取样生成密钥,能防范格攻击;通过密文之间的同态运算,可以实现多项式所有系数同时掩码;通过分析算法的同态性,验证了本方案的正确性;通过分析方案的实现过程,论证了该方案能够有效防御选择密文攻击、差分能量攻击、零值攻击及相关能量攻击.展开更多
基金supported by the International S&T Cooperation Program of Shanghai,China(20390731200)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment,China(2017ZX07205)。
文摘A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in intensive pear orchards in the Tai Lake Basin.Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff over a whole year were measured by using successional runoff water collection devices.The four experimental treatments were conventional fertilization(CK),drip fertigation(DF),conventional fertilization combined with plant hedgerows(C+H),and drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows(D+H).The results from one year of continuous monitoring showed a significant positive correlation between precipitation and surface runoff discharge.Surface runoff discharge under the treatments without plant hedgerows totaled 15.86%of precipitation,while surface runoff discharge under the treatments with plant hedgerows totaled 12.82%of precipitation.Plant hedgerows reduced the number of runoff events and the amount of surface runoff.Precipitation is the main driving force for the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff,and fertilization is an important factor affecting the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus.In CK,approximately 7.36%of nitrogen and 2.63%of phosphorus from fertilization entered the surface water through runoff.Drip fertigation reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil and lowered the runoff loss concentrations of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows significantly reduced the overall TN and TP losses by 45.38 and 36.81%,respectively,in comparison to the CK totals.Drip fertigation increased the vertical migration depth of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil,which increased the pear yield.The promotion of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows will greatly reduce the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus to runoff and maintain the high fruit yields in the intensive orchards of the Tai Lake Basin.
文摘为了抵抗量子计算机的攻击,相关的后量子密码算法被先后提出.NTRU(Number Theory Research Unit)密码算法是基于格理论的典型算法之一,在NTRU密码方案的硬件设计及实现过程中,主要会面临格攻击、简单能量攻击、差分能量攻击及相关能量攻击等风险.为了解决NTRU算法在实现过程中的侧信道攻击安全隐患,提出一种新的全同态掩码防御方案,并给出电路设计参考模型,所提出方案能够对NTRU算法所有系数执行掩码操作并防范能量攻击.本方案的密钥生成部分采用高斯抽样算法,解密部分采用同态加密实现密文间的全同态运算.设计的全同态掩码方案电路模型中,根据算法功能分为数据采样区、存储区及运算区.本方案通过高斯取样生成密钥,能防范格攻击;通过密文之间的同态运算,可以实现多项式所有系数同时掩码;通过分析算法的同态性,验证了本方案的正确性;通过分析方案的实现过程,论证了该方案能够有效防御选择密文攻击、差分能量攻击、零值攻击及相关能量攻击.
