基于观测数据和作物模型相同化的田块尺度作物生长监测,对于农田精准管理具有重要意义。为构建能准确模拟旱区春小麦长势和产量的同化模拟模型,该研究利用SWAP(soil-water-atmosphere-plant)模型和迭代集合平滑器算法(iterative ensembl...基于观测数据和作物模型相同化的田块尺度作物生长监测,对于农田精准管理具有重要意义。为构建能准确模拟旱区春小麦长势和产量的同化模拟模型,该研究利用SWAP(soil-water-atmosphere-plant)模型和迭代集合平滑器算法(iterative ensemble smoother,IES),构建了适合旱区春小麦的SWAP-IES同化模拟系统,并利用2019—2020年田间观测试验数据,评估了同化叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、土壤水分(soil water content,SW)及其组合在旱区春小麦生长模拟和估产中的作用。结果表明,相较于无同化情景,在吸收6次土壤水分观测数据后,模型对土壤水分模拟的R^(2)从0.48提升到0.87。同化LAI时,各水分胁迫处理下LAI的模拟精度均最高,R^(2)从无同化的0.35~0.62提升到0.76~0.96。同化LAI+SW时,各处理对生物量模拟的精度均最高,R^(2)从无同化的0.40~0.67提升到0.73~0.96。轻度水分胁迫处理(T4~T5)下,仅同化LAI即可达到较好的估产效果,相对误差为4.05%~9.17%,而在中度或重度水分胁迫处理(T1~T3)下,准确的产量估算需同时吸收LAI和SW,相对误差为3.87%~8.38%。开花期和拔节期的观测数据对提高SWAP-IES系统估产精度的作用最大,同时吸收开花期和拔节期LAI+SW观测数据时估产的R^(2)可从无同化的0.45提高到0.79。说明所构建的SWAP-IES同化模拟系统,在融入开花期和拔节期等关键生育期的观测数据后能有效模拟不同水分处理下春小麦生长和产量形成过程,可为田块尺度下旱区春小麦精准监测提供技术参考。展开更多
【目的】研究山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中花青苷成分与含量,结合花色表型分析,明确其花色形成的物质基础,揭示其花青苷成分与花色关系,为山茶花色芽变育种提供依据。【方法】按照CIE L^*a^*b^*表色系法测量山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品...【目的】研究山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中花青苷成分与含量,结合花色表型分析,明确其花色形成的物质基础,揭示其花青苷成分与花色关系,为山茶花色芽变育种提供依据。【方法】按照CIE L^*a^*b^*表色系法测量山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花色,利用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)和超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术定性定量分析其花瓣中花青苷成分与含量,运用多元线性回归方法研究花青苷成分与花色之间的关系。【结果】山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中共检测到7种花青苷,分别是矢车菊素-3-O-β-半乳糖苷(Cy3Ga)、矢车菊素-3-O-β-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G)、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-咖啡酰]-β-半乳糖苷(Cy3Ga E Caf)、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-咖啡酰]-β-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G E Caf)、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(Z)-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G Zp C)、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-香豆酰]-β-半乳糖苷(Cy3Ga Ep C)和矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G Ep C)。山茶‘玉丹’花瓣中未检测到花青苷,山茶‘金碧辉煌’中未检测到Cy3G E Caf。【结论】山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣的花色随其总花青苷及主要花青苷成分含量增大而加深;粉红色和红色花瓣中主要花青苷成分为Cy3G和Cy3G Ep C,黑红色花瓣中主要花青苷成分为Cy3G和Cy3Ga;随着花瓣中Cy3Ga和Cy3G比例的增大花色加深。Cy3G和Cy3G Ep C是决定山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花色的主要花青苷,其含量的增大显著增加花瓣的红色程度。展开更多
A method of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation for perennial ryegrass was developed using the calli of ryegrass derived from mature enrbryos. The calli were inoculated with a disarmed A. tumefaciens str...A method of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation for perennial ryegrass was developed using the calli of ryegrass derived from mature enrbryos. The calli were inoculated with a disarmed A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring binary vector p2328. Vector p2328 contained transcription factor DREB1B and neomycin phosphotransferase (npt H) genes which were driven by promoters of rd29B and CaMV35S, respectively. The inoculated calli were selected on paromomycin- or kanamycin-containing media till the established plants being transferred to soil. Six tmnsgenic plants with DREB1B had been obtained from perennial ryegrass strain Tove. PCR and Southern-blotting showed that npt Ⅱ and DREBIB genes were integrated in perennial ryegrass genome. Stress treatment confirmed that transgenic plants with higher drought tolerance were obtained.展开更多
文摘基于观测数据和作物模型相同化的田块尺度作物生长监测,对于农田精准管理具有重要意义。为构建能准确模拟旱区春小麦长势和产量的同化模拟模型,该研究利用SWAP(soil-water-atmosphere-plant)模型和迭代集合平滑器算法(iterative ensemble smoother,IES),构建了适合旱区春小麦的SWAP-IES同化模拟系统,并利用2019—2020年田间观测试验数据,评估了同化叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、土壤水分(soil water content,SW)及其组合在旱区春小麦生长模拟和估产中的作用。结果表明,相较于无同化情景,在吸收6次土壤水分观测数据后,模型对土壤水分模拟的R^(2)从0.48提升到0.87。同化LAI时,各水分胁迫处理下LAI的模拟精度均最高,R^(2)从无同化的0.35~0.62提升到0.76~0.96。同化LAI+SW时,各处理对生物量模拟的精度均最高,R^(2)从无同化的0.40~0.67提升到0.73~0.96。轻度水分胁迫处理(T4~T5)下,仅同化LAI即可达到较好的估产效果,相对误差为4.05%~9.17%,而在中度或重度水分胁迫处理(T1~T3)下,准确的产量估算需同时吸收LAI和SW,相对误差为3.87%~8.38%。开花期和拔节期的观测数据对提高SWAP-IES系统估产精度的作用最大,同时吸收开花期和拔节期LAI+SW观测数据时估产的R^(2)可从无同化的0.45提高到0.79。说明所构建的SWAP-IES同化模拟系统,在融入开花期和拔节期等关键生育期的观测数据后能有效模拟不同水分处理下春小麦生长和产量形成过程,可为田块尺度下旱区春小麦精准监测提供技术参考。
文摘【目的】研究山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中花青苷成分与含量,结合花色表型分析,明确其花色形成的物质基础,揭示其花青苷成分与花色关系,为山茶花色芽变育种提供依据。【方法】按照CIE L^*a^*b^*表色系法测量山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花色,利用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)和超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术定性定量分析其花瓣中花青苷成分与含量,运用多元线性回归方法研究花青苷成分与花色之间的关系。【结果】山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣中共检测到7种花青苷,分别是矢车菊素-3-O-β-半乳糖苷(Cy3Ga)、矢车菊素-3-O-β-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G)、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-咖啡酰]-β-半乳糖苷(Cy3Ga E Caf)、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-咖啡酰]-β-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G E Caf)、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(Z)-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G Zp C)、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-香豆酰]-β-半乳糖苷(Cy3Ga Ep C)和矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G Ep C)。山茶‘玉丹’花瓣中未检测到花青苷,山茶‘金碧辉煌’中未检测到Cy3G E Caf。【结论】山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花瓣的花色随其总花青苷及主要花青苷成分含量增大而加深;粉红色和红色花瓣中主要花青苷成分为Cy3G和Cy3G Ep C,黑红色花瓣中主要花青苷成分为Cy3G和Cy3Ga;随着花瓣中Cy3Ga和Cy3G比例的增大花色加深。Cy3G和Cy3G Ep C是决定山茶‘赤丹’及其芽变品种花色的主要花青苷,其含量的增大显著增加花瓣的红色程度。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30170589)and the National Special Project for Research and Industrialization of Transgenic Plants (J-2002-B-006). Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Dr. Zhang Xiao-dong of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences for donating gene DRB1B and Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105. We thank Ms. Yang Hong of Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for conducting much work of tissue culture. We also thank Center for Application of Molecular Biology to International A griculture (CAMBIA), Australia for permission of use pCAMBIA2301.
文摘A method of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation for perennial ryegrass was developed using the calli of ryegrass derived from mature enrbryos. The calli were inoculated with a disarmed A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring binary vector p2328. Vector p2328 contained transcription factor DREB1B and neomycin phosphotransferase (npt H) genes which were driven by promoters of rd29B and CaMV35S, respectively. The inoculated calli were selected on paromomycin- or kanamycin-containing media till the established plants being transferred to soil. Six tmnsgenic plants with DREB1B had been obtained from perennial ryegrass strain Tove. PCR and Southern-blotting showed that npt Ⅱ and DREBIB genes were integrated in perennial ryegrass genome. Stress treatment confirmed that transgenic plants with higher drought tolerance were obtained.