采用宏基因组学技术对8种中日酒曲中微生物群落结构进行解析。研究表明,邛崃米曲MB和清香型小曲QX中主要有根霉属(Rhizopus);2种黄酒麦曲TH和FHC物种组成相对丰富,主要为糖多孢菌属(Saccharopolyspora)和横梗霉属(Lichtheimia)等;4种日...采用宏基因组学技术对8种中日酒曲中微生物群落结构进行解析。研究表明,邛崃米曲MB和清香型小曲QX中主要有根霉属(Rhizopus);2种黄酒麦曲TH和FHC物种组成相对丰富,主要为糖多孢菌属(Saccharopolyspora)和横梗霉属(Lichtheimia)等;4种日本酒曲(NP_MS、NP_SJR、NP_SJW和NP_SY)均主要为曲霉属(Aspergillus,均>91%),其中主要为米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、白曲霉(Aspergillus kawachii)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。8种中日酒曲理化指标检测结果显示,日本酒曲的平均糖化力、液化力和还原糖含量均高于中国酒曲,中国酒曲的平均发酵力略高于日本酒曲。8种中日酒曲理化指标与其微生物种群结构具有明显相关性。此外,根据8种中日酒曲KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)功能注释发现,中日酒曲内部微生物代谢活动均较为活跃,其中有关碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢的相关基因表达量占比最高,且碳水化合物代谢在8种中日酒曲之间具有显著性差异。研究结果揭示了8种中日酒曲之间微生物种群结构的差异,为后续解析中日酒曲中微生物代谢机理,并筛选特定功能微生物,开发功能型强化酒曲提供了理论基础。展开更多
The authors numerically investigated the characteristics of surface plasmons excited on a thin metal grating placed in planer or conical mounting. After formulating the problem, the solution method, Yasuura's method ...The authors numerically investigated the characteristics of surface plasmons excited on a thin metal grating placed in planer or conical mounting. After formulating the problem, the solution method, Yasuura's method (a modal expansion approach with least-squares boundary matching) was described. Although the grating is periodic in one direction, coupling between TE and TM waves Occurs because arbitrary incidence is assumed. This requires the employment of both TE and TM vector modal functions in the analysis. Numerical computations showed: (l) the excitation of surface plasmons with total or partial absorption of incident light; (2) the resonance character of the coefficient of an evanescent order that couples the plasmon surface wave; (3) the field profile and Poynting's vector. The plasmons excited on the surfaces of a thin metal grating are classified into three types: SISP, SRSP, and LRSP, different from each other in the feature of field profile and energy flow. In addition, the eigenvalue of a plasmon mode was obtained by solving a sequence of diffraction problems with complex-valued angles of incidence and using the quasi-Newton algorithm to predict the real angle of incidence at which the absorption occurs.展开更多
文摘采用宏基因组学技术对8种中日酒曲中微生物群落结构进行解析。研究表明,邛崃米曲MB和清香型小曲QX中主要有根霉属(Rhizopus);2种黄酒麦曲TH和FHC物种组成相对丰富,主要为糖多孢菌属(Saccharopolyspora)和横梗霉属(Lichtheimia)等;4种日本酒曲(NP_MS、NP_SJR、NP_SJW和NP_SY)均主要为曲霉属(Aspergillus,均>91%),其中主要为米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、白曲霉(Aspergillus kawachii)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。8种中日酒曲理化指标检测结果显示,日本酒曲的平均糖化力、液化力和还原糖含量均高于中国酒曲,中国酒曲的平均发酵力略高于日本酒曲。8种中日酒曲理化指标与其微生物种群结构具有明显相关性。此外,根据8种中日酒曲KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)功能注释发现,中日酒曲内部微生物代谢活动均较为活跃,其中有关碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢的相关基因表达量占比最高,且碳水化合物代谢在8种中日酒曲之间具有显著性差异。研究结果揭示了8种中日酒曲之间微生物种群结构的差异,为后续解析中日酒曲中微生物代谢机理,并筛选特定功能微生物,开发功能型强化酒曲提供了理论基础。
基金Project supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research fromJapan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 17560313), and theNational Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB719801)
文摘The authors numerically investigated the characteristics of surface plasmons excited on a thin metal grating placed in planer or conical mounting. After formulating the problem, the solution method, Yasuura's method (a modal expansion approach with least-squares boundary matching) was described. Although the grating is periodic in one direction, coupling between TE and TM waves Occurs because arbitrary incidence is assumed. This requires the employment of both TE and TM vector modal functions in the analysis. Numerical computations showed: (l) the excitation of surface plasmons with total or partial absorption of incident light; (2) the resonance character of the coefficient of an evanescent order that couples the plasmon surface wave; (3) the field profile and Poynting's vector. The plasmons excited on the surfaces of a thin metal grating are classified into three types: SISP, SRSP, and LRSP, different from each other in the feature of field profile and energy flow. In addition, the eigenvalue of a plasmon mode was obtained by solving a sequence of diffraction problems with complex-valued angles of incidence and using the quasi-Newton algorithm to predict the real angle of incidence at which the absorption occurs.