A robust water balance model has been tested for predicting soil moisture levels and supplemental irrigation requirement of a rainfed region of Bangladesh. The predictions were used for improving the understanding of ...A robust water balance model has been tested for predicting soil moisture levels and supplemental irrigation requirement of a rainfed region of Bangladesh. The predictions were used for improving the understanding of the impacts of rainwater harvesting on rainfed agriculture. The climate data (i.e., rainfall, temperature, evaporation, and evapotranspiration) were used as inputs for predicting the variations in soil moisture. Soil moisture levels under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions were compared. Results showed that rainwater harvesting i.e., rain water storage tanks during rainy seasons can be potentially useful for storing rainwater, which can be utilized for enhancing crop land soil moisture during dry seasons for enhancing crop yield. The study presented here will be useful for improving and disseminating rainwater harvesting approaches for enhancing water availability in rainfed regions.展开更多
We have investigated the different optical properties such as confinement loss, waveguide dispersion of a five rings hexagonal photonic crystal fiber under varied air hole diameter (d), lattice pitch (Λ), and air hol...We have investigated the different optical properties such as confinement loss, waveguide dispersion of a five rings hexagonal photonic crystal fiber under varied air hole diameter (d), lattice pitch (Λ), and air hole diameter to lattice pitch ratio for three different materials fused quartz glass, borosilicate glass and sapphire glass. We observed low confinement loss and high negative dispersion at higher d/Λ. Achieving high d/Λ can be done in two ways: increasing the air hole diameter or decreasing the lattice pitch. It has been observed, increasing the air hole diameter has significant effect over reducing lattice pitch in achieving low confinement loss. On the other hand, decreasing the lattice pitch over increasing the air hole diameter has significant effect in achieving high negative dispersion. It has also been found that, effective refractive index (neff) decreases significantly when lattice pitch decreases.展开更多
This paper presents the investigation of relative sensitivity profile of Alcohol through Photonic Crystal fiber at different temperature. Here, 15%, 40%, 60%, 75% of Ethyl Alcohol-water mixture is inserted through the...This paper presents the investigation of relative sensitivity profile of Alcohol through Photonic Crystal fiber at different temperature. Here, 15%, 40%, 60%, 75% of Ethyl Alcohol-water mixture is inserted through the core of Photonic crystal fiber at temperature like 20°C, 25°C and 30°C. COMSOL Multiphysics is used as simulation software and the simulation process is done at wavelength range 600 nm to 1600 nm. From this work, the relative sensitivity is obtained approximately 44, 44.59, 44.85, 45 in percentage at temperature 20°C, 42, 44.2, 44.8, 44.9 in percentage at temperature 25°C, and 42, 43.8, 44.5, 44.85 in percentage at temperature 30°C for 15%, 40%, 60%, 75% of Ethyl Alcohol-water mixture at wavelength 1500 nm respectively. Again, higher sensitivity is achieved when this sensor is operated at lower temperature.展开更多
文摘A robust water balance model has been tested for predicting soil moisture levels and supplemental irrigation requirement of a rainfed region of Bangladesh. The predictions were used for improving the understanding of the impacts of rainwater harvesting on rainfed agriculture. The climate data (i.e., rainfall, temperature, evaporation, and evapotranspiration) were used as inputs for predicting the variations in soil moisture. Soil moisture levels under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions were compared. Results showed that rainwater harvesting i.e., rain water storage tanks during rainy seasons can be potentially useful for storing rainwater, which can be utilized for enhancing crop land soil moisture during dry seasons for enhancing crop yield. The study presented here will be useful for improving and disseminating rainwater harvesting approaches for enhancing water availability in rainfed regions.
文摘We have investigated the different optical properties such as confinement loss, waveguide dispersion of a five rings hexagonal photonic crystal fiber under varied air hole diameter (d), lattice pitch (Λ), and air hole diameter to lattice pitch ratio for three different materials fused quartz glass, borosilicate glass and sapphire glass. We observed low confinement loss and high negative dispersion at higher d/Λ. Achieving high d/Λ can be done in two ways: increasing the air hole diameter or decreasing the lattice pitch. It has been observed, increasing the air hole diameter has significant effect over reducing lattice pitch in achieving low confinement loss. On the other hand, decreasing the lattice pitch over increasing the air hole diameter has significant effect in achieving high negative dispersion. It has also been found that, effective refractive index (neff) decreases significantly when lattice pitch decreases.
文摘This paper presents the investigation of relative sensitivity profile of Alcohol through Photonic Crystal fiber at different temperature. Here, 15%, 40%, 60%, 75% of Ethyl Alcohol-water mixture is inserted through the core of Photonic crystal fiber at temperature like 20°C, 25°C and 30°C. COMSOL Multiphysics is used as simulation software and the simulation process is done at wavelength range 600 nm to 1600 nm. From this work, the relative sensitivity is obtained approximately 44, 44.59, 44.85, 45 in percentage at temperature 20°C, 42, 44.2, 44.8, 44.9 in percentage at temperature 25°C, and 42, 43.8, 44.5, 44.85 in percentage at temperature 30°C for 15%, 40%, 60%, 75% of Ethyl Alcohol-water mixture at wavelength 1500 nm respectively. Again, higher sensitivity is achieved when this sensor is operated at lower temperature.
