Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is nowadays considered as a main MRI investigation modality in the clinical routine jointly with conventional anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imag- ing for studying b...Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is nowadays considered as a main MRI investigation modality in the clinical routine jointly with conventional anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imag- ing for studying brain tumours. MRS provides complementary information about cellular metabolism. This allows differentiating the brain tumours from abscess, the diagnosis of the tumour type, characterization of brain tumours, as well as local study of the morphological abnormalities observed in conventional MRI. The MRS could be used in the therapeutic follow-up for evaluating the pathological active area of brain, and allows optimizing the guided biopsy as well as to differentiating recurrent tumour from a necrosis.展开更多
Thyroid diseases are common in women of childbearing age.Different factors of maternal thyroid function occur during pregnancy;therefore,guidelines recommend trimester-specific pregnancy reference range for thyroid-st...Thyroid diseases are common in women of childbearing age.Different factors of maternal thyroid function occur during pregnancy;therefore,guidelines recommend trimester-specific pregnancy reference range for thyroid-stimulating hormone.Manifestly,thyroid dysfunctions have deleterious obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.Therefore,an adequate treatment is important to prevent adverse pregnancy complications.Furthermore,iodine deficiency during pregnancy could originate maternal and fetal problems.Consequently,scientific organizations recommend prenatal iodine supplementation for all pregnant women.However,treatment of thyroid autoimmunity is intriguing,but adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed.The aim of this article was to summarize the reported results of the literature related to the management of thyroid disease during pregnancy in order to help endocrinologists in decision-making processes.展开更多
文摘Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is nowadays considered as a main MRI investigation modality in the clinical routine jointly with conventional anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imag- ing for studying brain tumours. MRS provides complementary information about cellular metabolism. This allows differentiating the brain tumours from abscess, the diagnosis of the tumour type, characterization of brain tumours, as well as local study of the morphological abnormalities observed in conventional MRI. The MRS could be used in the therapeutic follow-up for evaluating the pathological active area of brain, and allows optimizing the guided biopsy as well as to differentiating recurrent tumour from a necrosis.
文摘Thyroid diseases are common in women of childbearing age.Different factors of maternal thyroid function occur during pregnancy;therefore,guidelines recommend trimester-specific pregnancy reference range for thyroid-stimulating hormone.Manifestly,thyroid dysfunctions have deleterious obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.Therefore,an adequate treatment is important to prevent adverse pregnancy complications.Furthermore,iodine deficiency during pregnancy could originate maternal and fetal problems.Consequently,scientific organizations recommend prenatal iodine supplementation for all pregnant women.However,treatment of thyroid autoimmunity is intriguing,but adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed.The aim of this article was to summarize the reported results of the literature related to the management of thyroid disease during pregnancy in order to help endocrinologists in decision-making processes.
