基质类型及烯效唑对不同秧龄晚稻机插质量和产量的影响

为明确基质类型及烯效唑对不同秧龄晚稻秧苗生理特征及本田期生长发育特性的影响,确定适宜晚稻机插育秧的基质类型、烯效唑浸种措施及秧龄,该研究以嘉58为供试晚稻品种,以2种代表性育秧介质(营养土和轻型无土育秧基质)为研究对象,采用2种(清水浸种和25 mg/L烯效唑浸种)外源生长调控措施,阐明了不同育秧介质和烯效唑浸种对不同秧龄晚稻秧苗生理特征、机插质量的影响及调控技术。结果表明,随晚稻秧龄延长,秧苗地上部分干物质量显著增加,叶片SPAD值和根系活力先增加后降低;水稻全生育期延长,大田生育期缩短。采用烯效唑浸种可提高秧苗素质,浸种处理秧苗茎基宽约增加0.1~0.2 mm,株高显著降低,叶片SPAD值和根系活力显著提高。短秧龄条件下烯效唑浸种对秧块质量和机插质量影响较小,长秧龄条件下烯效唑浸种可有效提高成苗率和大田基本苗数,降低漏插率和伤秧率。采用营养土育秧时最适机插秧龄为18 d,轻型无土基质育秧适宜机插秧龄为18~24 d。秧龄大于24 d时,烯效唑浸种可提高营养土育秧晚稻有效穗数和每穗粒数,增加晚稻产量,且秧龄越长,烯效唑浸种的增产效果越显著。烯效唑浸种对轻型无土基质育秧的产量影响较小。采用轻型无土育秧基质培育机插晚稻秧苗,产量高于常规营养土处理,适宜晚稻机插育秧。研究结果可为提升晚稻种植机械化水平提供重要参考。

Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and the regulating ways： A review

Rice （Oryza safiva L.） is highly susceptible to the rhizosphere salinity than other cereals. High sensitivity has been ob- served, mainly at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice. It is the duty of plant physiologists to comprehend the growth, development, and physiological processes of rice plants under stress. This paper includes the overview of rice growth and developmental processes influenced by salt stress and the regulation pathways involved in these processes. It also includes the promising salt tolerance strategies, i.e., genetic modification techniques, agronomic practices to improve rice growth, yield; and role of phytohormones and their management, especially inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by using inhibitors 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）. Rice cultivation may be a first choice for improvement of salt tolerance through plant growth regulators and improved cultivation techniques. This study will significantly improve the understanding toward low rice grain yield and poor rice resistance under salt stress and will also stream scientific knowledge for effective utilization of salt affected soils by using different regulating ways.

Significance of Chemical Priming on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat under Drought Stress

Drought is the most important factor limiting plant production in the majority of agricultural crops of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid-agricultural fields. An experiment was conducted at the Plant physiology research area, Agronomic Research Institute Faisalabad, during winter 2010-11 to evaluate the effect of drought on wheat variety Lasani 2008. The experiment was comprised of following treatments. T1 Normal moisture (3 IR at CRS, Booting and grain filling), T2 No irrigation (only rainfed) control, T3 water spray (100 ppm), T4 ascorbic acid (100 ppm), T5 salicylic acid (100 ppm), T6 calcium chloride (100 ppm), T7 glycinbetain (100 ppm). According to the resulting data the treatment in which three irrigation were applied produced more no. of tillers (52%), spikelet per spike (41%), spike length (30%), grain per spike (58%), grain yield (54%), biological yield (35%) as compared to control. The treatment in which no irrigation was applied produced less no. of tillers, spikelet per spike, spike length, grain per spike, grain yield, biological yield. Thousand grain weight and harvest index were non significant among all treatments.

Foliar Application of Micronutrients Enhances Wheat Growth, Yield and Related Attributes

Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of

Efficiency of Iron Supported on Porous Material (Prepared from Peanut Shell) for Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols

Catalytic activity and selectivity of prepared catalysts (Fe2O3/ and Fe2O3/AC(KOH)) were investigated for liquid phase aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, in a batch reactor, using solvent free condition and/or eco-friendly solvents. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTA, and surface area and pore size analysis. Experimental data revealed that Fe2O3/AC(KOH) was an efficient catalyst for the oxidation (dehydrogenation) of alcohol while was found to show catalytic activity for both dehydration and dehydrogenation of alcohols. The catalysts were recycled by simple filtration, and used several times without any loss of catalytic activity.

Increased ammonification,nitrogenase,soil respiration and microbial biomass N in the rhizosphere of rice plants inoculated with rhizobacteria

Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens are well-known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.However,the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N cycles in the paddy field and rice plant growth are little known.This study investigated whether and how A.brasilense and P.fluorescens contribute to the N transformations and N supply capacities in the rhizosphere,and clarified the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N application rate in rice cultivation.Inoculations with A.brasilense and P.fluorescens coupled with N application rate trials were conducted in the paddy field in 2016 and 2017.The inoculations of rice seedlings included four treatments:sterile saline solution(M_(0)),A.brasilense(M_(b)),P.fluorescens(M_(p)),and co-inoculation with a mixture of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens(M_(bp)).The N application rate included four levels:0 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(0)),90 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(90)),180 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(180)),and 270 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(270)).The results indicated that the M_(bp) and M_(p) treatments significantly enhanced the ammonification activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_(0) treatment,especially for higher N applications,while the Mbp and M_(b) treatments greatly enhanced the nitrogenase activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_(0) treatments,especially for lower N applications.Azospirillum brasilense and P.fluorescens did not participate in the nitrification processes or the denitrification processes in the soil.The soil respiration rate and microbial biomass N were greatly affected by the interactions between the rhizobacteria inoculations and the N fertilizer applications.In the M_(bp) treatment,N supply capacities and rice grain yields showed no significant differences among the N_(90),N_(180),and N_(270) applications.The N application rate in the study region can be reduced to 90 kg N ha^(–1) for rice seedlings co-inoculated with a mixture of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens.

Distribution of Vascular Plants along Altitudinal Gradients in Hoang Lien National Park, Vietnam

The present study was conducted to examine the distributional characteristics of floral communities along the altitudinal gradients in Hoang Lien National Park (HLNP), located in Lao Cai province, Vietnam. We recorded the relatively abundant flora system with 3252 species (including 361 endemic species and 237 endangered species), belonging to 1126 genera, 230 families and 6 different phyla. Methodology of sampling, specimen collection and identification, statistical analysis are simultaneously used for investigating the complex changes of composition and richness of plant assemblages. The study results indicated the divisions in quantity and composition, especially differentiation of endemic and rare species in accordance with altitudinal gradients.

Stable and high performance all-inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes with anti-solvent treatment

Optoelectronic applications based on the perovskites always face challenges due to the inherent chemical composition volatility of perovskite precursors. The efficiency of perovskite-based light-emitting diodes(Pe-LEDs) can be enhanced by improving the perovskite film via solvent engineering. A dual solvent post-treatment strategy was applied to the perovskite film, which provides a synchronous effect of passivating surface imperfections and reduces exciton quenching, as evidenced by improved surface morphology and photoluminance. Thus, the optimized Pe-LEDs reach 17,866 cd · m-2 maximum brightness, 45.8 cd · A-1 current efficiency, 8.3% external quantum efficiency, and relatively low turn-on voltage of2.0 V. Herein, we present a simple technique for the fabrication of stable and efficient Pe-LEDs.