Rice (Oryza safiva L.) is highly susceptible to the rhizosphere salinity than other cereals. High sensitivity has been ob- served, mainly at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice. It is the duty of plant physio...Rice (Oryza safiva L.) is highly susceptible to the rhizosphere salinity than other cereals. High sensitivity has been ob- served, mainly at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice. It is the duty of plant physiologists to comprehend the growth, development, and physiological processes of rice plants under stress. This paper includes the overview of rice growth and developmental processes influenced by salt stress and the regulation pathways involved in these processes. It also includes the promising salt tolerance strategies, i.e., genetic modification techniques, agronomic practices to improve rice growth, yield; and role of phytohormones and their management, especially inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by using inhibitors 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Rice cultivation may be a first choice for improvement of salt tolerance through plant growth regulators and improved cultivation techniques. This study will significantly improve the understanding toward low rice grain yield and poor rice resistance under salt stress and will also stream scientific knowledge for effective utilization of salt affected soils by using different regulating ways.展开更多
Drought is the most important factor limiting plant production in the majority of agricultural crops of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid-agricultural fields. An experiment was conducted at the Plant physiol...Drought is the most important factor limiting plant production in the majority of agricultural crops of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid-agricultural fields. An experiment was conducted at the Plant physiology research area, Agronomic Research Institute Faisalabad, during winter 2010-11 to evaluate the effect of drought on wheat variety Lasani 2008. The experiment was comprised of following treatments. T1 Normal moisture (3 IR at CRS, Booting and grain filling), T2 No irrigation (only rainfed) control, T3 water spray (100 ppm), T4 ascorbic acid (100 ppm), T5 salicylic acid (100 ppm), T6 calcium chloride (100 ppm), T7 glycinbetain (100 ppm). According to the resulting data the treatment in which three irrigation were applied produced more no. of tillers (52%), spikelet per spike (41%), spike length (30%), grain per spike (58%), grain yield (54%), biological yield (35%) as compared to control. The treatment in which no irrigation was applied produced less no. of tillers, spikelet per spike, spike length, grain per spike, grain yield, biological yield. Thousand grain weight and harvest index were non significant among all treatments.展开更多
Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an...Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of展开更多
Catalytic activity and selectivity of prepared catalysts (Fe2O3/ and Fe2O3/AC(KOH)) were investigated for liquid phase aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, in a batch reactor, using solvent free condit...Catalytic activity and selectivity of prepared catalysts (Fe2O3/ and Fe2O3/AC(KOH)) were investigated for liquid phase aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, in a batch reactor, using solvent free condition and/or eco-friendly solvents. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTA, and surface area and pore size analysis. Experimental data revealed that Fe2O3/AC(KOH) was an efficient catalyst for the oxidation (dehydrogenation) of alcohol while was found to show catalytic activity for both dehydration and dehydrogenation of alcohols. The catalysts were recycled by simple filtration, and used several times without any loss of catalytic activity.展开更多
Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens are well-known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.However,the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N cycles in the paddy field and rice plant growth ar...Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens are well-known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.However,the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N cycles in the paddy field and rice plant growth are little known.This study investigated whether and how A.brasilense and P.fluorescens contribute to the N transformations and N supply capacities in the rhizosphere,and clarified the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N application rate in rice cultivation.Inoculations with A.brasilense and P.fluorescens coupled with N application rate trials were conducted in the paddy field in 2016 and 2017.The inoculations of rice seedlings included four treatments:sterile saline solution(M_(0)),A.brasilense(M_(b)),P.fluorescens(M_(p)),and co-inoculation with a mixture of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens(M_(bp)).The N application rate included four levels:0 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(0)),90 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(90)),180 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(180)),and 270 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(270)).The results indicated that the M_(bp) and M_(p) treatments significantly enhanced the ammonification activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_(0) treatment,especially for higher N applications,while the Mbp and M_(b) treatments greatly enhanced the nitrogenase activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_(0) treatments,especially for lower N applications.Azospirillum brasilense and P.fluorescens did not participate in the nitrification processes or the denitrification processes in the soil.The soil respiration rate and microbial biomass N were greatly affected by the interactions between the rhizobacteria inoculations and the N fertilizer applications.In the M_(bp) treatment,N supply capacities and rice grain yields showed no significant differences among the N_(90),N_(180),and N_(270) applications.The N application rate in the study region can be reduced to 90 kg N ha^(–1) for rice seedlings co-inoculated with a mixture of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens.展开更多
The present study was conducted to examine the distributional characteristics of floral communities along the altitudinal gradients in Hoang Lien National Park (HLNP), located in Lao Cai province, Vietnam. We recorded...The present study was conducted to examine the distributional characteristics of floral communities along the altitudinal gradients in Hoang Lien National Park (HLNP), located in Lao Cai province, Vietnam. We recorded the relatively abundant flora system with 3252 species (including 361 endemic species and 237 endangered species), belonging to 1126 genera, 230 families and 6 different phyla. Methodology of sampling, specimen collection and identification, statistical analysis are simultaneously used for investigating the complex changes of composition and richness of plant assemblages. The study results indicated the divisions in quantity and composition, especially differentiation of endemic and rare species in accordance with altitudinal gradients.展开更多
Optoelectronic applications based on the perovskites always face challenges due to the inherent chemical composition volatility of perovskite precursors. The efficiency of perovskite-based light-emitting diodes(Pe-LED...Optoelectronic applications based on the perovskites always face challenges due to the inherent chemical composition volatility of perovskite precursors. The efficiency of perovskite-based light-emitting diodes(Pe-LEDs) can be enhanced by improving the perovskite film via solvent engineering. A dual solvent post-treatment strategy was applied to the perovskite film, which provides a synchronous effect of passivating surface imperfections and reduces exciton quenching, as evidenced by improved surface morphology and photoluminance. Thus, the optimized Pe-LEDs reach 17,866 cd · m-2 maximum brightness, 45.8 cd · A-1 current efficiency, 8.3% external quantum efficiency, and relatively low turn-on voltage of2.0 V. Herein, we present a simple technique for the fabrication of stable and efficient Pe-LEDs.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LY13C130007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200801)the Basic Research Foundation of National Commonweal Research Institute,China(2014RG004-5)
文摘Rice (Oryza safiva L.) is highly susceptible to the rhizosphere salinity than other cereals. High sensitivity has been ob- served, mainly at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice. It is the duty of plant physiologists to comprehend the growth, development, and physiological processes of rice plants under stress. This paper includes the overview of rice growth and developmental processes influenced by salt stress and the regulation pathways involved in these processes. It also includes the promising salt tolerance strategies, i.e., genetic modification techniques, agronomic practices to improve rice growth, yield; and role of phytohormones and their management, especially inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by using inhibitors 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Rice cultivation may be a first choice for improvement of salt tolerance through plant growth regulators and improved cultivation techniques. This study will significantly improve the understanding toward low rice grain yield and poor rice resistance under salt stress and will also stream scientific knowledge for effective utilization of salt affected soils by using different regulating ways.
文摘Drought is the most important factor limiting plant production in the majority of agricultural crops of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid-agricultural fields. An experiment was conducted at the Plant physiology research area, Agronomic Research Institute Faisalabad, during winter 2010-11 to evaluate the effect of drought on wheat variety Lasani 2008. The experiment was comprised of following treatments. T1 Normal moisture (3 IR at CRS, Booting and grain filling), T2 No irrigation (only rainfed) control, T3 water spray (100 ppm), T4 ascorbic acid (100 ppm), T5 salicylic acid (100 ppm), T6 calcium chloride (100 ppm), T7 glycinbetain (100 ppm). According to the resulting data the treatment in which three irrigation were applied produced more no. of tillers (52%), spikelet per spike (41%), spike length (30%), grain per spike (58%), grain yield (54%), biological yield (35%) as compared to control. The treatment in which no irrigation was applied produced less no. of tillers, spikelet per spike, spike length, grain per spike, grain yield, biological yield. Thousand grain weight and harvest index were non significant among all treatments.
文摘Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of
文摘Catalytic activity and selectivity of prepared catalysts (Fe2O3/ and Fe2O3/AC(KOH)) were investigated for liquid phase aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, in a batch reactor, using solvent free condition and/or eco-friendly solvents. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTA, and surface area and pore size analysis. Experimental data revealed that Fe2O3/AC(KOH) was an efficient catalyst for the oxidation (dehydrogenation) of alcohol while was found to show catalytic activity for both dehydration and dehydrogenation of alcohols. The catalysts were recycled by simple filtration, and used several times without any loss of catalytic activity.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200801,2016YFD0200805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872857)+1 种基金the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute(2017ZZKT10404)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY16C130007).
文摘Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens are well-known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.However,the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N cycles in the paddy field and rice plant growth are little known.This study investigated whether and how A.brasilense and P.fluorescens contribute to the N transformations and N supply capacities in the rhizosphere,and clarified the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N application rate in rice cultivation.Inoculations with A.brasilense and P.fluorescens coupled with N application rate trials were conducted in the paddy field in 2016 and 2017.The inoculations of rice seedlings included four treatments:sterile saline solution(M_(0)),A.brasilense(M_(b)),P.fluorescens(M_(p)),and co-inoculation with a mixture of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens(M_(bp)).The N application rate included four levels:0 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(0)),90 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(90)),180 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(180)),and 270 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(270)).The results indicated that the M_(bp) and M_(p) treatments significantly enhanced the ammonification activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_(0) treatment,especially for higher N applications,while the Mbp and M_(b) treatments greatly enhanced the nitrogenase activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_(0) treatments,especially for lower N applications.Azospirillum brasilense and P.fluorescens did not participate in the nitrification processes or the denitrification processes in the soil.The soil respiration rate and microbial biomass N were greatly affected by the interactions between the rhizobacteria inoculations and the N fertilizer applications.In the M_(bp) treatment,N supply capacities and rice grain yields showed no significant differences among the N_(90),N_(180),and N_(270) applications.The N application rate in the study region can be reduced to 90 kg N ha^(–1) for rice seedlings co-inoculated with a mixture of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens.
文摘The present study was conducted to examine the distributional characteristics of floral communities along the altitudinal gradients in Hoang Lien National Park (HLNP), located in Lao Cai province, Vietnam. We recorded the relatively abundant flora system with 3252 species (including 361 endemic species and 237 endangered species), belonging to 1126 genera, 230 families and 6 different phyla. Methodology of sampling, specimen collection and identification, statistical analysis are simultaneously used for investigating the complex changes of composition and richness of plant assemblages. The study results indicated the divisions in quantity and composition, especially differentiation of endemic and rare species in accordance with altitudinal gradients.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2018YFE0125500 and 2016YFB0401600)Program 1112.0 in China (BP0719013), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61775034, 51879042, 61674029, and 12005038)+4 种基金Research Fund for International Young Scientists (No. 62050410350)International Cooperative Research Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BZ2018056)Leading Technology of Jiangsu Basic Research Plan (No. BK20192003)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No. 201951069001)Jiangsu Province College Graduate Research Innovation Program (No. KYLX160213)。
文摘Optoelectronic applications based on the perovskites always face challenges due to the inherent chemical composition volatility of perovskite precursors. The efficiency of perovskite-based light-emitting diodes(Pe-LEDs) can be enhanced by improving the perovskite film via solvent engineering. A dual solvent post-treatment strategy was applied to the perovskite film, which provides a synchronous effect of passivating surface imperfections and reduces exciton quenching, as evidenced by improved surface morphology and photoluminance. Thus, the optimized Pe-LEDs reach 17,866 cd · m-2 maximum brightness, 45.8 cd · A-1 current efficiency, 8.3% external quantum efficiency, and relatively low turn-on voltage of2.0 V. Herein, we present a simple technique for the fabrication of stable and efficient Pe-LEDs.