Hybrid Color Texture Features Classification Through ANN for Melanoma

Melanoma is of the lethal and rare types of skin cancer.It is curable at an initial stage and the patient can survive easily.It is very difficult to screen all skin lesion patients due to costly treatment.Clinicians are requiring a correct method for the right treatment for dermoscopic clinical features such as lesion borders,pigment networks,and the color of melanoma.These challenges are required an automated system to classify the clinical features of melanoma and non-melanoma disease.The trained clinicians can overcome the issues such as low contrast,lesions varying in size,color,and the existence of several objects like hair,reflections,air bubbles,and oils on almost all images.Active contour is one of the suitable methods with some drawbacks for the segmentation of irre-gular shapes.An entropy and morphology-based automated mask selection is pro-posed for the active contour method.The proposed method can improve the overall segmentation along with the boundary of melanoma images.In this study,features have been extracted to perform the classification on different texture scales like Gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)and Local binary pattern(LBP).When four different moments pull out in six different color spaces like HSV,Lin RGB,YIQ,YCbCr,XYZ,and CIE L*a*b then global information from different colors channels have been combined.Therefore,hybrid fused texture features;such as local,color feature as global,shape features,and Artificial neural network(ANN)as classifiers have been proposed for the categorization of the malignant and non-malignant.Experimentations had been carried out on datasets Dermis,DermQuest,and PH2.The results of our advanced method showed super-iority and contrast with the existing state-of-the-art techniques.

Assessment of Nutrients in Seaweed Tank from Land Based Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture Module

Aquaculture industry is often generating waste that negatively impact to the environment. These wastes are rich in nutrients. Seaweed can utilize these waste nutrients. This experiment was conducted in a flow-through system (FTS) and a recirculation system (RS) in land-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture module using seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii as one of the components. The aim was to access the efficiency of the removal of nutrients in the integrated culture. Kappaphycus alvarezii was stocked at the density of 1 kg/tank in the rectangular plastic tank with 500 L of seawater. The waste generated from integrated multi-trophic aquaculture tanks was directed towards K. alvarezii culture tank. Water samples from inlet, outlet and inside of the culture tanks were drawn to determine the nutrients, namely, total nitrogen (mg/L) and total phosphorus (mg/L). Total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the seaweed sample and from the sediment of culture tanks were also analyzed. The total nitrogen amounting to 59.5% and 61.6% nitrogen was taken up by K. alvarezii in FTS and RS culture tank, respectively. The phosphorus showed the highest deposition of 61.1% and 31.6% in the sediment of in FTS and RS culture tanks respectively, whereas only 5.5% and 3.4% of phosphorus were taken up by K. alvarezii from FTS and RS culture tanks, respectively. The percentage of nitrogen remained in water was comparatively higher by 14.2% and 27.5% than phosphorus by 8.3% and 23.0% in water of both FTS and RS culture tanks, respectively. These results indicated that this species seaweed is efficient in the removal of nitrogen from both FTS and RS culture tank.

Application of Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies to Marine Aquaculture for Future Food:Imperatives,Challenges and Prospects

This study was undertaken to examine the options and feasibility of deploy­ing new technologies for transforming the aquaculture sector with the ob­jective of increasing the production efficiency.Selection of technologies to obtain the expected outcome should,obviously,be consistent with the crite­ria of sustainable development.There is a range of technologies being sug­gested for driving change in aquaculture to enhance its contribution to food security.It is necessary to highlight the complexity of issues for systems approach that can shape the course of development of aquaculture so that it can live-up to the expected fish demand by 2030 in addition to the current quantity of 82.1 million tons.Some of the Fourth Industrial Revolution(IR4.0)technologies suggested to achieve this target envisage the use of re­al-time monitoring,integration of a constant stream of data from connected production systems and intelligent automation in controls.This requires ap­plication of mobile devices,internet of things(IoT),smart sensors,artificial intelligence(AI),big data analytics,robotics as well as augmented virtual and mixed reality.AI is receiving more attention due to many reasons.Its use in aquaculture can happen in many ways,for example,in detecting and mitigating stress on the captive fish which is considered critical for the success of aquaculture.While the technology intensification in aquaculture holds a great potential but there are constraints in deploying IR4.0 tools in aquaculture.Possible solutions and practical options,especially with re­spect to future food choices are highlighted in this paper.

Oceans and COVID-19:Perspectives,Reflections,Recovery and Regulatory Frameworks

COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented public health crisis,taken about 1.4 million lives so far,infected almost 70 million people around the world,battered the global economy and paralyzed the normal activity.This situation is evolving so rapidly that the data on numbers of infections and deaths are changing daily and the economic impacts are difficult to evaluate at this stage and probably will not be exactly known in the near future.It is important to determine the genesis of the outbreak to understand the root causes of COVID-19 and to prevent such pandemics from occurring in the future.It is believed that the virus originated in a seafood market in Wuhan(China)that was also trading in wildlife for human consumption.Such practices are associated with the habitat degradation and biodiversity loss,leading to an imbalance of the natural ecosystems.The zoonotic spillover of this infectious outbreak is a reflection of the impairment of natural systems.Scientific and anecdotal evidences demonstrate the significance of marine critical habitats in combating and containing human diseases.There are many other ways in which the oceans can help in human health.In addition to providing an analysis of the COVID-19 outbreak,this paper also suggests knowledge-based and informed measures that need to be applied to prevent a repeat of such catastrophic events while highlighting the role of oceans in this context.Plans and strategies for recovering the global economy and ensuring its resilience will require incorporating nature-based solutions and ecosystem restoration.The sustainability of the ocean is a key consideration in the development of a framework for post-COVID-19 recovery and this aspect is the major focus of this paper.