马来西亚未尽利用热带水果概况(英文)

未尽利用热带水果,即在当地消费和医用的非贸易热带水果,未普及化,生长于野外,季节性强,但富含多酚类化合物、类胡萝卜素、花青素、脂肪酸、矿物质和氨基酸,因而具有一定的开发潜力。在马来西亚,热带水果丰富多样,主要有普通水果、观赏水果、特有水果、野生水果和高地水果,但大部分水果都未能充分利用,其中,典型的有罗望子、巴杖果、砂拉越芒果、钮扣山竹、榴莲、莲雾、挂尼芒果、野红毛丹和蛇皮果。这些水果可以分为3个类型:具有贸易开发潜力的主要包括无花果(Ficus sp.)、罗望子(Garcinia atroviridis)、尖必达(Artocarpus integer)、鲜花木果(Lepisan-thes alata)、野榴莲(Durio sp.)、橄榄木(Spondias cytherea)、菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophullus)、槟榔(Areca catechu)、野红毛丹(Nephelium ramboutan-ake)、蛇皮果(Salacca zalacca)和面包果(Artocarpus altilis);具有适于当地人们利用潜力的水果种类包括木胡瓜(Averrhoe bilimbi)、榔拜果(Baccaurea motteyana)、单贝果Baccaurea macrocarpa)、喃喃果属(Cynometra cauliflora)、西柚(Dialum indum)、黄肉榴莲(Durio kutejensis)、野生山竹(Garcinia hombroiniana)、野檬果(Garcinia parvifolia)、巴杖果(Mangifera feotida)、醋栗(Phyllanthus emblica)、蒲桃(Syzygium jambos);不具有经济利用开发潜力的水果种类包括哥露比(Salacca conferta)、青枣(Zizyphus mauritiana)、木奶果属(Baccaurea polyneura)、野檬果(Garcinia parvifolia)、番龙眼(Pometia sp.)、赤才果(Leppisanthes rubiginosa)、波漆果(Bouea microphylla)、蛋黄果(Pouteria campechiana)和仙都果(Sandoricum koetjape)。目前,有关未尽利用水果研究仍处于初期阶段,有必要使这些水果更为普及并得到有效利用,因此,政府和私人组织须采取一些措施以促进这些水果的消费。今后需对这些水果的营养成分、抗氧化作用以及疗效进行深入研究。

Conservation and Utilization of Crop Genetic Resources in Malaysia： Mardi＇s Effort

Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute （MARDI） is the country＇s major custodian of the nation＇s crops genetic resources. It has a global responsibility in the conservation of genetic resources of banana, sweet potato and citrus, and national responsibility for the conservation of crops, such as rice, tropical fruits and some herbs and medicinal plant species. MARDI rice seed genebank at Seberang Prai in the state of Penang was established in 1984 and currently holds 12,770 registered rice accessions, of which 53% are of local origin. In addition, MARDI also conserves genes in the field, mostly for underutilized tropical fruit genetic resources. At present, about 168 species of underutilized, rare and wild tropical fruit species consisting of about 2,000 accessions, the largest in the country, are being conserved. The species include ＂kuini＂ （Mangifera odorata）, ＂bacang＂ （Mangifera foetida）, ＂binjai＂ （Mangifera caesia）, ＂cerapu＂ （ Garcinia praniana）, ＂rambai＂ （Baccaurea motleyana）, ＂asam gelugor＂ （ Garcinia atroviridis）, ＂terap＂ （drthocarpus odoratissimus） and ＂pulasan＂ （Nephellium rambutan-ake）. The accessions are mostly conserved ex situ in field genebanks located at the various MARDI stations throughout the country. Although the conservation of the various crop species genetic resources is important, the real challenge is enhancing its utilisation. The main objective of the paper was to share and disseminate information related to works conducted and strategies opted by MARDI on the conservation and utilization of crop genetic resources. Information on species of crops that are available in MARDI＇s genebank was also highlighted together with brief information of some of the associated traits of significant importance posses by those genetic resources.