Mitochondrial transplantation strategies as potential therapeutics for central nervous system trauma

Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles critical for generating adenosine triphosphate for cellular homeostasis, as well as various mechanisms that can lead to both necrosis and apoptosis. The field of "mitochondrial medicine" is emerging in which injury/disease states are targeted therapeutically at the level of the mitochondrion, including specific antioxidants, bioenergetic substrate additions, and membrane uncoupling agents. Consequently, novel mitochondrial transplantation strategies represent a potentially multifactorial therapy leading to increased adenosine triphosphate production, decreased oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA replacement, improved bioenergetics and tissue sparing. Herein, we describe briefly the history of mitochondrial transplantation and the various techniques used for both in vitro and in vivo delivery, the benefits associated with successful transference into both peripheral and central nervous system tissues, along with caveats and pitfalls that hinder the advancements of this novel therapeutic.

Targeting mitoNEET with pioglitazone for therapeutic neuroprotection after spinal cord injury

There is mounting evidence that targeting mitochondrial dysfunction following neurotrauma could be key in developing effective therapeutic strategies since mitochondria are known to play a major role in cellular bioenergetics,function,and survival following traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)