Quantification of Steroid Receptors Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Patients: Possible Correlation with Serum Level of Adipocytokines

Background: While the role of adipocyte-derived hormones in breast cancer pathogenesis well studied, it is speculated that there is a crosstalk between adipocytokines and Esterogen receptor(ER) signaling. To test this hypothesis we evaluate the possible correlation between serum levels of adipocytokins with steroid hormone receptors gene expression in breast cancer patients. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 women with breast cancer participated with different grades of obesity (36 none obese, BMI 0.05). In case of leptin, we observed a positive correlation between leptin and ERα and PR mRNA. (r = 0.553, n = 64, p < 0.001, r = 0.359, n = 64, p = 0.002 and a reverse significant correlation between leptin and ERβ (r= –0.506, n = 64 and p < 0.001). We also observed a significant correlation between TNFα and IL6 with steroid receptors gene expression in samples (P < 0.05). Conclusion: As the presence of steroid receptors are used as the most common prognostic markers in breast cancer patients, so targeting adipocytokines as potential regulators of steroid receptorsgene expression can be a new approach in treatment of obese breast cancer subjects.

Adiponectin Can Affect ER Signaling in Obese Breast Cancer Patients

Background: While the various antitumororal activities of adiponectin as an adipocyte-derived hormone well studied, it is speculated that there is a crosstalk between adiponectin and esterogen receptor (ER) signaling. To test this hypothesis we evaluate the possible correlation between serum level of adiponectin with two estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) gene expression in breast cancer patients. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 women with breast cancer participated with different grades of obesity (36 none obese, BMI 2 and 34 obese, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).The mean age of Participants was 44.53 yr ± 1.79 yr (21 yr - 70 yr) .Serum level of adiponectin determined by ELISA. Following quantitative expression of estrogen receptors mRNA in tumor tissues was evaluated by Real-time PCR. Results: We find a significant reverse correlation between serum level of Adiponectin and ERα mRNA (r = –0.229, n = 64, p = 0.035) but no correlation was between adiponectin and ERβ in samples (p = 0.228). The lower adiponectin multiplied the odds of having higher ERα mRNA level by a factor of OR = 4.33, 1.28 - 14.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) as compared with those that displayed a moderate or higher serum level of adiponectin (>7.02 ng/ml). The same odds for next estrogen receptor, ERβ, was not greater than unity (OR = 0.31, 0.06 - 1.56, 95% CI). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is speculated that as adiponectin can affect ERs gene expression, so affecting the steroid receptor signaling can be proposed as a new underling mechanism of action for this adipokine in breast cancer pathogenesis especially in obese ones.

Epidemiologic study of traffic crash mortality among motorcycle users in Iran(2011-2017)

Purpose:Motorcycle accident is a major cause of road traffic injuries and the motorcyclists are consid ered as vulnerable road users.The present study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of fatal motorcycle crashes in Iran.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 28,356 motorcycle traffic fatalities registered in the Legal Medicine Organization of Iran were analyzed during the period between March 2011 and March 2017.The examined variables included demographic characteristics,helmet use,crash mechanisms,crash location,position state,type of counterpart vehicle,cause of death and place of death.In the study,road traffic mortalities involving drivers and/or passenger of motorcycles were included.Cases or events registered without these conditions were excluded from the study.To analyse the data,SPSS statistics 25 and GraphPad Prism 8 softwares were used.Results:Of the 122,682 fatal traffic injury cases,28,356(23.1%)were motorcycle users,of whom 95.3%were male and 4.7%were female.Most of the motorcycle fatalities belonged to the age group of 18-24 years(29.1%).Head trauma was the major cause of death(59.0%).Also,the overall proportion of safety helmet use among motorcycle crash victims was estimated at 37.4%.Most of the road traffic crash cases(46.8%)happened out of city and half of people(49.9%)died in hospital.About 77.4%of the victims were motorcycle riders and 21.1%were pillion passengers.The highest rate of mortality belonged to the selfemployed(38.4g)and then workers(21.8%)and students(10.2%).In addition,most fatalities occurred in people with low education(77.5%)and the least occurred in university graduates(5.5%).Among 31 provinces of Iran,Fars had the highest(9.3%)occurrence rate and Kohgiluyeh and Buyer-Ahmad had the lowest(0.5%).Most of the crash mechanisms were due to motorcycle-vehicle crashes(80.2%),followed by rollover(9.8%).Conclusion:Comprehensive public education and special rules are needed to reduce the rate of deaths in motorcycle crashes.