BACKGROUND Music has been used to reduce stress and improve task performance during medical therapy.AIM To assess the effects of music on colonoscopy performance outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients w...BACKGROUND Music has been used to reduce stress and improve task performance during medical therapy.AIM To assess the effects of music on colonoscopy performance outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent colonoscopy performed by four endoscopists with popular music.Colonoscopy performance outcomes,such as insertion time,adenoma detection rate(ADR),and polyp detection rate(PDR),were compared between the music and non-music groups.To reduce selection bias,propensity score matching was used.RESULTS After one-to-one propensity score matching,169 colonoscopies were selected from each group.No significant differences in insertion time(4.97 vs 5.17 min,P=0.795)and ADR(39.1%vs 46.2%,P=0.226)were found between the two groups.Subgroup analysis showed that the insertion time(3.6 vs 3.8 min,P=0.852)and ADR(51.1%vs 44.7%,P=0.488)did not significantly differ between the two groups in experts.However,in trainees,PDR(46.9%vs 66.7%,P=0.016)and ADR(25.9%vs 47.6%,P=0.006)were significantly lower in the music than in the nonmusic group.CONCLUSION The current study found that listening to music during colonoscopy did not affect procedure performance.Moreover,it suggested that music may distract trainees from appropriately detecting adenomas and polyps.展开更多
Malawi has one of the highest rates of HIV prevalence in the world, and accounts for 4% of the total number of people living in sub-Saharan Africa with HIV. Approximately one million people in Malawi were living with ...Malawi has one of the highest rates of HIV prevalence in the world, and accounts for 4% of the total number of people living in sub-Saharan Africa with HIV. Approximately one million people in Malawi were living with HIV in 2016, with 24,000 HIV-related deaths. The Option B+ program, first implemented in Malawi, aimed to initiate ART for all pregnant women, regardless of their CD4 cell count or disease stage. This study serves to analyze and assess the effectiveness of Option B+ retention, in relation to the facilitation of how various social and cultural barriers were handled. A literature review of 29 publications was conducted. Careful evaluation of various studies indicates that although there is a myriad of reasons explaining low levels of retention, the women who were at the highest risk for low retention were young pregnant women who were treated on the same day of HIV-diagnosis. Solutions focused around women and their partners or communities showed promising evidence of success in increasing adherence, as these strategies likely provided women reliable social and emotional support to address major barriers to retention such as a lack of support from male partners, ineffective education from healthcare workers, or stigma towards their HIV disclosure statue.展开更多
The current study reports the evidence of enhancement in power generation from cellulosic biomass in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems by supplementing dried Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots powder. Mediator-les...The current study reports the evidence of enhancement in power generation from cellulosic biomass in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems by supplementing dried Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots powder. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were prepared using rumen fluid as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. Dried Doraji roots were ground to pass 1 mm sieve and added to the anode of MFC at 0.1% w/v dosage for treatment. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d10, collected gases were measured for total gas volume and analyzed for gas composition on gas chromatography. Supplementation of Doraji roots powder to MFC anode chamber increased power generation and CO2 production. Over the 10d experimental period, power density normalized to anode surface area were between 17.0 and 37.7 with average of 32.5 mW/m2 in Doraji MFCs, and between 16.8 and 19.8 with average of 18.2 mW/m2 in control group. CO2 production increased and methane to CO2 ratio decreased in Doraji root treatment comparing to control group. These observations imply that Doraji root components would inhibit methanogenesis and alter microbial fermentation of cellulose compounds favorable to produce bioenergy efficiently in MFC.展开更多
AIM: To identify whether the forceps estimation is more useful than visual estimation in the measurement of colon polyp size.METHODS: We recorded colonoscopy video clips that included scenes visualizing the polyp and ...AIM: To identify whether the forceps estimation is more useful than visual estimation in the measurement of colon polyp size.METHODS: We recorded colonoscopy video clips that included scenes visualizing the polyp and scenes using open biopsy forceps in association with the polyp, which were used for an exam. A total of 40 endoscopists from the Busan Ulsan Gyeongnam Intestinal Study Group Society(BIGS) participated in this study. Participants watched 40 pairs of video clips of the scenes for visual estimation and forceps estimation, and wrote down the estimated polyp size on the exam paper. When analyzing the results of the exam, we assessed interobserver differences, diagnostic accuracy, and error range in the measurement of the polyp size.R E S U LT S : The overall intra-class correlation coefficients(ICC) of inter-observer agreement for forceps estimation and visual estimation were 0.804(95%CI: 0.731-0.873, P < 0.001) and 0.743(95%CI: 0.656-0.828, P < 0.001), respectively. The ICCs of each group for forceps estimation were higher than those for visual estimation(Beginner group, 0.761 vs 0.693; Expert group, 0.887 vs 0.840, respectively). The overall diagnostic accuracy for visual estimation was 0.639 and for forceps estimation was 0.754(P < 0.001). In the beginner group and the expert group, the diagnostic accuracy for the forceps estimation was significantly higher than that of the visual estimation(Beginner group, 0.734 vs 0.613, P < 0.001; Expert group, 0.784 vs 0.680, P < 0.001, respectively). The overall error range for visual estimation and forceps estimation were 1.48 ± 1.18 and 1.20 ± 1.10, respectively(P < 0.001). The error ranges of each group for forceps estimation were significantly smaller than those for visual estimation(Beginner group, 1.38 ± 1.08 vs 1.68 ± 1.30, P < 0.001; Expert group, 1.12 ± 1.11 vs 1.42 ± 1.11, P < 0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION: Application of the open biopsy forceps method when measuring colon polyp size could help reduce inter-observer differences and error rates.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Music has been used to reduce stress and improve task performance during medical therapy.AIM To assess the effects of music on colonoscopy performance outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent colonoscopy performed by four endoscopists with popular music.Colonoscopy performance outcomes,such as insertion time,adenoma detection rate(ADR),and polyp detection rate(PDR),were compared between the music and non-music groups.To reduce selection bias,propensity score matching was used.RESULTS After one-to-one propensity score matching,169 colonoscopies were selected from each group.No significant differences in insertion time(4.97 vs 5.17 min,P=0.795)and ADR(39.1%vs 46.2%,P=0.226)were found between the two groups.Subgroup analysis showed that the insertion time(3.6 vs 3.8 min,P=0.852)and ADR(51.1%vs 44.7%,P=0.488)did not significantly differ between the two groups in experts.However,in trainees,PDR(46.9%vs 66.7%,P=0.016)and ADR(25.9%vs 47.6%,P=0.006)were significantly lower in the music than in the nonmusic group.CONCLUSION The current study found that listening to music during colonoscopy did not affect procedure performance.Moreover,it suggested that music may distract trainees from appropriately detecting adenomas and polyps.
文摘Malawi has one of the highest rates of HIV prevalence in the world, and accounts for 4% of the total number of people living in sub-Saharan Africa with HIV. Approximately one million people in Malawi were living with HIV in 2016, with 24,000 HIV-related deaths. The Option B+ program, first implemented in Malawi, aimed to initiate ART for all pregnant women, regardless of their CD4 cell count or disease stage. This study serves to analyze and assess the effectiveness of Option B+ retention, in relation to the facilitation of how various social and cultural barriers were handled. A literature review of 29 publications was conducted. Careful evaluation of various studies indicates that although there is a myriad of reasons explaining low levels of retention, the women who were at the highest risk for low retention were young pregnant women who were treated on the same day of HIV-diagnosis. Solutions focused around women and their partners or communities showed promising evidence of success in increasing adherence, as these strategies likely provided women reliable social and emotional support to address major barriers to retention such as a lack of support from male partners, ineffective education from healthcare workers, or stigma towards their HIV disclosure statue.
文摘The current study reports the evidence of enhancement in power generation from cellulosic biomass in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems by supplementing dried Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots powder. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were prepared using rumen fluid as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. Dried Doraji roots were ground to pass 1 mm sieve and added to the anode of MFC at 0.1% w/v dosage for treatment. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d10, collected gases were measured for total gas volume and analyzed for gas composition on gas chromatography. Supplementation of Doraji roots powder to MFC anode chamber increased power generation and CO2 production. Over the 10d experimental period, power density normalized to anode surface area were between 17.0 and 37.7 with average of 32.5 mW/m2 in Doraji MFCs, and between 16.8 and 19.8 with average of 18.2 mW/m2 in control group. CO2 production increased and methane to CO2 ratio decreased in Doraji root treatment comparing to control group. These observations imply that Doraji root components would inhibit methanogenesis and alter microbial fermentation of cellulose compounds favorable to produce bioenergy efficiently in MFC.
文摘AIM: To identify whether the forceps estimation is more useful than visual estimation in the measurement of colon polyp size.METHODS: We recorded colonoscopy video clips that included scenes visualizing the polyp and scenes using open biopsy forceps in association with the polyp, which were used for an exam. A total of 40 endoscopists from the Busan Ulsan Gyeongnam Intestinal Study Group Society(BIGS) participated in this study. Participants watched 40 pairs of video clips of the scenes for visual estimation and forceps estimation, and wrote down the estimated polyp size on the exam paper. When analyzing the results of the exam, we assessed interobserver differences, diagnostic accuracy, and error range in the measurement of the polyp size.R E S U LT S : The overall intra-class correlation coefficients(ICC) of inter-observer agreement for forceps estimation and visual estimation were 0.804(95%CI: 0.731-0.873, P < 0.001) and 0.743(95%CI: 0.656-0.828, P < 0.001), respectively. The ICCs of each group for forceps estimation were higher than those for visual estimation(Beginner group, 0.761 vs 0.693; Expert group, 0.887 vs 0.840, respectively). The overall diagnostic accuracy for visual estimation was 0.639 and for forceps estimation was 0.754(P < 0.001). In the beginner group and the expert group, the diagnostic accuracy for the forceps estimation was significantly higher than that of the visual estimation(Beginner group, 0.734 vs 0.613, P < 0.001; Expert group, 0.784 vs 0.680, P < 0.001, respectively). The overall error range for visual estimation and forceps estimation were 1.48 ± 1.18 and 1.20 ± 1.10, respectively(P < 0.001). The error ranges of each group for forceps estimation were significantly smaller than those for visual estimation(Beginner group, 1.38 ± 1.08 vs 1.68 ± 1.30, P < 0.001; Expert group, 1.12 ± 1.11 vs 1.42 ± 1.11, P < 0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION: Application of the open biopsy forceps method when measuring colon polyp size could help reduce inter-observer differences and error rates.
