虚假数据注入(false data injection,FDI)攻击是对电力系统运行影响较为严重的一种攻击。目前已有对交直流混联电网的FDI攻击方法的研究,但仍缺乏对交直流混联电网攻击策略的优化研究。为此,文中提出了面向交直流混联电网的FDI攻击策略...虚假数据注入(false data injection,FDI)攻击是对电力系统运行影响较为严重的一种攻击。目前已有对交直流混联电网的FDI攻击方法的研究,但仍缺乏对交直流混联电网攻击策略的优化研究。为此,文中提出了面向交直流混联电网的FDI攻击策略优化方法。首先,建立以FDI攻击损失最大为目标的双层优化模型,上层模型以电力系统经济损失最大为目标对FDI攻击策略进行优化;下层模型以发电机出力调整量和切负荷量最小为目标计算FDI攻击下的最大经济损失,考虑交直流混联电网安全约束和换相失败风险。然后,采用遗传算法对优化模型进行求解,生成最优攻击策略。最后,以改进的IEEE 14节点系统为例验证了模型的有效性。仿真结果表明,优化后的攻击策略能够显著提高安全约束经济调度(security constrained economic dispatch,SCED)的运行成本。展开更多
Chinese cuisine is world famous because of its unique features of colour, fragrance, taste and shape and careful selection of tableware. The earliest material for making Chinese tableware was bronze. Then appeared sil...Chinese cuisine is world famous because of its unique features of colour, fragrance, taste and shape and careful selection of tableware. The earliest material for making Chinese tableware was bronze. Then appeared silver and tin alloy tableware. Silverware was the most precious. Although tin-made tableware was not as precious as silverware, its craftsmanship was equally exquisite. Some have a facility in the bottom to hold hot water to keep food warm at the table. This展开更多
First business: to clean a tea pot. Income: RMB 0.20 (less than 10 US cents at the time). Second business: to clean a boiler. Income: RMB 1, 200. Three months later, incomereached RMB 240, 000. Ten years later, the co...First business: to clean a tea pot. Income: RMB 0.20 (less than 10 US cents at the time). Second business: to clean a boiler. Income: RMB 1, 200. Three months later, incomereached RMB 240, 000. Ten years later, the company had 350 subsidiaries across China and four joint ventures abroad, with an annual output value of more than RMB 300 million. The data are simple but intriguing, recording the history of the Blue展开更多
The Chinese-made musical instruments, qin, zheng, bamboo flute and xiao, enjoy an irreplaceable position in the international instrument market, for their time-honored history, unique musical effect and delicate craft...The Chinese-made musical instruments, qin, zheng, bamboo flute and xiao, enjoy an irreplaceable position in the international instrument market, for their time-honored history, unique musical effect and delicate craftsmanship. Ancient zheng, named after its sound, is one of the oldest musical instruments of China. According to ancient records, zheng was popular in the Qin region (Shaanxi today) in 400 B.C. At that time, a zheng had 10 swings and was made of wood. In 900 B.C., the展开更多
Once a foreign businessmen who set up a colour TV joint venture in China said that he would force Changhong—China’s first namebrand TV set—into bankruptcy within three years. The three years have passed, and the Si...Once a foreign businessmen who set up a colour TV joint venture in China said that he would force Changhong—China’s first namebrand TV set—into bankruptcy within three years. The three years have passed, and the Sichuan Changhong electrical appliance Co. Ltd. has kept its first place in China with its RMB 10.7 billion of sales value among the hundred largest electronic enterprises identified by the the Ministry of electronics Industry in 1997. for the value appraisal of television products on China’s market, Chonghong also ranks first.The power for展开更多
In 1993, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward a plan to resume the financial function of the Shanghai Bund which was called "the Far-East Wall Street" in the past. It evoked repercussions all over t...In 1993, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward a plan to resume the financial function of the Shanghai Bund which was called "the Far-East Wall Street" in the past. It evoked repercussions all over the international finance circles. Personnel from the Chinese and foreign financial institutions have come here to make investigation one after another. Those overseas investors formerly engaged in financial business in the Bund think展开更多
In the modern world, the prerequisite conditions for sightseeing touring and spending holidays are sunshine, sea water, beaches and green. Ranked first among 12 national tourist attraction areas, Dalian Golden Stone B...In the modern world, the prerequisite conditions for sightseeing touring and spending holidays are sunshine, sea water, beaches and green. Ranked first among 12 national tourist attraction areas, Dalian Golden Stone Beach fully satisfies these requirements. Experts from the world over have demonstrated time and again that the geology and landscape of the Golden Stone Beach is second to none in China and for that matter in the world. It is really a sculptured garden which展开更多
文摘Chinese cuisine is world famous because of its unique features of colour, fragrance, taste and shape and careful selection of tableware. The earliest material for making Chinese tableware was bronze. Then appeared silver and tin alloy tableware. Silverware was the most precious. Although tin-made tableware was not as precious as silverware, its craftsmanship was equally exquisite. Some have a facility in the bottom to hold hot water to keep food warm at the table. This
文摘First business: to clean a tea pot. Income: RMB 0.20 (less than 10 US cents at the time). Second business: to clean a boiler. Income: RMB 1, 200. Three months later, incomereached RMB 240, 000. Ten years later, the company had 350 subsidiaries across China and four joint ventures abroad, with an annual output value of more than RMB 300 million. The data are simple but intriguing, recording the history of the Blue
文摘The Chinese-made musical instruments, qin, zheng, bamboo flute and xiao, enjoy an irreplaceable position in the international instrument market, for their time-honored history, unique musical effect and delicate craftsmanship. Ancient zheng, named after its sound, is one of the oldest musical instruments of China. According to ancient records, zheng was popular in the Qin region (Shaanxi today) in 400 B.C. At that time, a zheng had 10 swings and was made of wood. In 900 B.C., the
文摘Once a foreign businessmen who set up a colour TV joint venture in China said that he would force Changhong—China’s first namebrand TV set—into bankruptcy within three years. The three years have passed, and the Sichuan Changhong electrical appliance Co. Ltd. has kept its first place in China with its RMB 10.7 billion of sales value among the hundred largest electronic enterprises identified by the the Ministry of electronics Industry in 1997. for the value appraisal of television products on China’s market, Chonghong also ranks first.The power for
文摘In 1993, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward a plan to resume the financial function of the Shanghai Bund which was called "the Far-East Wall Street" in the past. It evoked repercussions all over the international finance circles. Personnel from the Chinese and foreign financial institutions have come here to make investigation one after another. Those overseas investors formerly engaged in financial business in the Bund think
文摘In the modern world, the prerequisite conditions for sightseeing touring and spending holidays are sunshine, sea water, beaches and green. Ranked first among 12 national tourist attraction areas, Dalian Golden Stone Beach fully satisfies these requirements. Experts from the world over have demonstrated time and again that the geology and landscape of the Golden Stone Beach is second to none in China and for that matter in the world. It is really a sculptured garden which
