Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) thin film has attracted increasing attention due to their potential applications in the new generation of nano-electronics and opto-electronics devices. The physical and chemical properties of ZnS h...Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) thin film has attracted increasing attention due to their potential applications in the new generation of nano-electronics and opto-electronics devices. The physical and chemical properties of ZnS have outstanding quality for different applications. Moreover, ZnS doped with various elements are creating a new era for both academic research and industrial applications. So, the optical properties of modified ZnS thin film will help us to find a suitable doping element for convenient deposition which may enhance the conductance and transmitting properties of the film. This review work has been carried out to explore the four-modification elements that constitute Cu, Ni, Co & Fe as descending order of atomic number corresponding to Zn, along with some potential applications considering the recent research work with other doping elements too such as Al, C, Pt etc. For example, FE, FET, Catalytic, Solar cell, Electroluminescence, Fuel cell, different sensors (Chemical sensors, Bio-sensors, Humidity sensors, light sensors, UV light sensors) and nanogenerators use ZnS thin film.展开更多
This paper presents a performance study of silicon-based multi-junction (MJ) solar cell which is produced by Spectrolab is the most efficient solar cell in the world, with a record efficiency of over 40%. The I-V char...This paper presents a performance study of silicon-based multi-junction (MJ) solar cell which is produced by Spectrolab is the most efficient solar cell in the world, with a record efficiency of over 40%. The I-V characteristics of solar cells were investigated for different environmental conditions (both at indoor and outdoor). Photovoltaic (PV) parameters like short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (?) were evaluated for the fabricated cell. The fabricated cell provides I-V characteristics curve which shows that the maximum efficiency of the cell is obtained when the cell temperature is lower. It was also observed that, efficiencies of the cells are about 17% to 24% at indoor and 7% to 20% at outdoor and fill factors are 0.40 to 0.71. From the result, it can also be found that fill factor is directly affected by the values of the cells series and shunt resistance.展开更多
In this paper,we consider Marshall and Olkin’s family of distributions.The parent(baseline)distribution is taken to be a scaled family of distributions.Two models:(i)modified proportional hazard rate scale and(ii)mod...In this paper,we consider Marshall and Olkin’s family of distributions.The parent(baseline)distribution is taken to be a scaled family of distributions.Two models:(i)modified proportional hazard rate scale and(ii)modified proportional reversed hazard rate scale,are considered.Some stochastic comparison results in terms of the usual stochastic,hazard rate and reversed hazard rate orders are studied to compare order statistics formed from two sets of independent observations following these models.Most of the sufficient conditions are obtained depending on various majorizationtype partial orderings.Further,the setup with multiple-outlier model is taken.Various stochastic orders between the smallest and largest order statistics are developed.Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the established theoretical results.展开更多
文摘Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) thin film has attracted increasing attention due to their potential applications in the new generation of nano-electronics and opto-electronics devices. The physical and chemical properties of ZnS have outstanding quality for different applications. Moreover, ZnS doped with various elements are creating a new era for both academic research and industrial applications. So, the optical properties of modified ZnS thin film will help us to find a suitable doping element for convenient deposition which may enhance the conductance and transmitting properties of the film. This review work has been carried out to explore the four-modification elements that constitute Cu, Ni, Co & Fe as descending order of atomic number corresponding to Zn, along with some potential applications considering the recent research work with other doping elements too such as Al, C, Pt etc. For example, FE, FET, Catalytic, Solar cell, Electroluminescence, Fuel cell, different sensors (Chemical sensors, Bio-sensors, Humidity sensors, light sensors, UV light sensors) and nanogenerators use ZnS thin film.
文摘This paper presents a performance study of silicon-based multi-junction (MJ) solar cell which is produced by Spectrolab is the most efficient solar cell in the world, with a record efficiency of over 40%. The I-V characteristics of solar cells were investigated for different environmental conditions (both at indoor and outdoor). Photovoltaic (PV) parameters like short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (?) were evaluated for the fabricated cell. The fabricated cell provides I-V characteristics curve which shows that the maximum efficiency of the cell is obtained when the cell temperature is lower. It was also observed that, efficiencies of the cells are about 17% to 24% at indoor and 7% to 20% at outdoor and fill factors are 0.40 to 0.71. From the result, it can also be found that fill factor is directly affected by the values of the cells series and shunt resistance.
基金Suchandan Kayal gratefully acknowledges the partial financial support for this research work under a grant MTR/2018/000350 SERB,India.
文摘In this paper,we consider Marshall and Olkin’s family of distributions.The parent(baseline)distribution is taken to be a scaled family of distributions.Two models:(i)modified proportional hazard rate scale and(ii)modified proportional reversed hazard rate scale,are considered.Some stochastic comparison results in terms of the usual stochastic,hazard rate and reversed hazard rate orders are studied to compare order statistics formed from two sets of independent observations following these models.Most of the sufficient conditions are obtained depending on various majorizationtype partial orderings.Further,the setup with multiple-outlier model is taken.Various stochastic orders between the smallest and largest order statistics are developed.Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the established theoretical results.
