PM2.5 and PM2.5 lo concentrations, elemental constituents, and sources in a densely populated coastal industrial area （Trombay, Mumbai） were investigated in 2010 and 2011.The PM2.s and PM2.s lo concentra- tions were...PM2.5 and PM2.5 lo concentrations, elemental constituents, and sources in a densely populated coastal industrial area （Trombay, Mumbai） were investigated in 2010 and 2011.The PM2.s and PM2.s lo concentra- tions were 13.50-71.60 and 22.40-127.78 p^g/m3, respectively. The daily PM25 concentrations exceeded the Indian Central Pollution Control Board limit （60 μg/m3） several days in winter. Of the elements analyzed, Si then Al had the highest concentrations in PM2.5- 10, but black carbon then Si had the highest concentrations in PM2.s. The element concentrations varied widely by season. Al, Ca, Fe, Si, and Ti con- centrations were highest in summer, Cl, Mg, and Na concentrations were highest in the monsoon season, and the other trace metal concentrations in both PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were highest in winter. The PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 sources were apportioned by positive matrix factorization. PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 had six dominant sources, crustal material （8.7% and 25.3%, respectively）, sea salt spray （6.1% and 15.0%, respectively）, coal/biomass combustion （25.5% and 13.8%, respectively）, fuel oil combustion （19.0% and 11.2%, respectively）, road traffic （ 17.7% and 12.6%, respectively）, and the metal industry （ 10.6% and 7.0%, respectively）. Anthropogenic sources clearly contributed most to PM2.5 but natural sources contributed most to PM2.5-10.展开更多
文摘PM2.5 and PM2.5 lo concentrations, elemental constituents, and sources in a densely populated coastal industrial area （Trombay, Mumbai） were investigated in 2010 and 2011.The PM2.s and PM2.s lo concentra- tions were 13.50-71.60 and 22.40-127.78 p^g/m3, respectively. The daily PM25 concentrations exceeded the Indian Central Pollution Control Board limit （60 μg/m3） several days in winter. Of the elements analyzed, Si then Al had the highest concentrations in PM2.5- 10, but black carbon then Si had the highest concentrations in PM2.s. The element concentrations varied widely by season. Al, Ca, Fe, Si, and Ti con- centrations were highest in summer, Cl, Mg, and Na concentrations were highest in the monsoon season, and the other trace metal concentrations in both PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were highest in winter. The PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 sources were apportioned by positive matrix factorization. PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 had six dominant sources, crustal material （8.7% and 25.3%, respectively）, sea salt spray （6.1% and 15.0%, respectively）, coal/biomass combustion （25.5% and 13.8%, respectively）, fuel oil combustion （19.0% and 11.2%, respectively）, road traffic （ 17.7% and 12.6%, respectively）, and the metal industry （ 10.6% and 7.0%, respectively）. Anthropogenic sources clearly contributed most to PM2.5 but natural sources contributed most to PM2.5-10.
