Groundwater Solution Techniques: Environmental Applications

Groundwater models provide a scientific tool for various groundwater studies which include groundwater flow, solute transport, heat transport and deformation. However, without a good understanding of a model, modeling studies are not well designed or the model does not represent the natural system which being modeled long term effects may results. Thus, this review has focused and reviewed the types of solution techniques in terms of advantages and limitations. The findings are vital to improve the model conceptualization and understanding of the uncertainty in model results. On the same hand, it acts as guide and reference to groundwater modeler, reduces the time spent in understanding the solution technique and complexity of groundwater models, as well as focus ways to address the groundwater problems and deliver modeling output more efficiently.

Groundwater Resources of a Small Tropical Island,Sabah,Malaysia:Numerical and Simulation Analysis

Groundwater occurs as a thin lens of freshwater floating over seawater in small islands aquifers.The impacts of climate change and pressure on island resources have been the greatest threats faced by the small islands.This paper represents a case study of groundwater response towards the climate change and pressure on island resources in Manukan Island of Sabah,Malaysia.A modeling software SEAW-

Saturation states of carbonate minerals in a freshwater-seawater mixing zone of small tropical island’s aquifer

Groundwater is a crucial resource on the Manukan Island as it is the only source of freshwater available on the island. The aquifer has deteriorated to a high degree, during the last decade. Nine domestic wells were sampled from March 2006 to January 2007 to probe the hydrochemical components that influence the water quality. Geochemical data on dissolved major constituents in groundwater samples from the Manukan Island revealed the main processes responsible for their geochemical evolution. The results using statistical analyses, graphical method and numerical model output (PHREEQC) showed that the groundwater was chemically highly enriched in Na and Cl, indicative of seawater intrusion into the aquifer as also supported from the Na-Cl signature on the Piper diagram. From the PHREEQC simulation model, calcite, dolomite and aragonite solubility showed positive values of the saturation indices (SI), indicating supersaturation which led to mineral precipitation condition of water by these minerals.

Land use change in highland area and its impact on river water quality:a review of case studies in Malaysia

The policy of encouraging agriculture and development for mass tourism has led to environmental problems in Cameron Highlands,Malaysia.Rampant development and land clearing have significantly altered the land cover of Cameron Highlands for the past 30 years.Sensitive highlands areas are prone to landslides and soil erosion which then contributed to the main water pollution issues in the network of river system,sedimentation and siltation.The continuous trend of river water quality deterioration in Cameron Highlands has raised the issues for discussion in this review article.The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the land use change,agriculture practices,agro-tourism,and agriculture policy and management toward water quality of the river system network in Cameron Highlands specifically in the downtown where most of the development and agriculture activities are concentrated.A rigorous review has been done on the existing literature to determine the relationship between land use change and agriculture practices toward river water quality in Cameron Highlands from 2001 to 2017.The total number of reviewed papers was 68.The outcomes established from previous researchers have highlighted factors such as soil erosion,landslides,agriculture activities,urbanization,and unplanned development associated with land use change have significantly influenced the river water quality in the highland areas.Continuous land use changes without proper development plan and law enforcement may critically threaten the sustainability of river network in the highlands area.