Background/Aims: Administration of a lactic acid bacterial strain, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805 (LC-Plasma), is reported to prevent viral infection via activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in mouse ...Background/Aims: Administration of a lactic acid bacterial strain, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805 (LC-Plasma), is reported to prevent viral infection via activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in mouse and human studies. As it is assumed that LC-Plasma is taken in excess when it is commercially provided as a supplement, we conducted a trial using capsules to give 250 mg LC-Plasma (5 times the effective anti-viral dose) every day for four weeks to healthy volunteers to investigate the safety of excessive intake of LC-Plasma. Trial Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted. Methods: Forty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the LC-Plasma group (daily intake of five capsules containing 50 mg heat-killed LC-Plasma cells per capsule) or the placebo group (daily intake of five placebo capsules with no LC-Plasma). Physical, hematological, biochemical and urinary examinations and medical interviews were used to evaluate safety. Results: No abnormal differences were observed after excessive intake of LC-Plasma capsules when compared to the intake of placebo capsules. Conclusions: There are no safety concerns associated with the excessive intake of heat-killed LC-Plasma capsules.展开更多
Background and Objectives:One major source of antibiotic contamination in the sea is from aquaculture.We monitored the concentration of commonly used antibiotic classes and antibiotic resistance genes(tet(M),sul1,sul2...Background and Objectives:One major source of antibiotic contamination in the sea is from aquaculture.We monitored the concentration of commonly used antibiotic classes and antibiotic resistance genes(tet(M),sul1,sul2 and sul3)in aquaculture farms in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:Antibiotic residues and resistance genes were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and real-time PCR respectively.Risk quotients in European technical guidance document on risk assessment was used to assess the potential environmental risk.Results:We detected 23 antibiotics with tetracyclines,sulfonamides and quinolones were the most frequently detected classes,indicating a wide distribution of antibiotics in Malaysian aquaculture farms.The dendrogram and heatmap revealed three groups of antibiotic concentration patterns but with no differences in the types of antibiotics usage among aquaculture farms.The ARGs(10^(−3)copies/16S)were detected in>90%of the sites except for sul3.Ciprofloxacin,enrofloxacin,norfloxacin and lincomycin posed risks to cyanobacteria and algae in Kelantan,Perak and Pahang.Conclusion:Relative to Asian aquaculture farms,the residues detected here were at low or moderate levels except for quinolones.This study will be useful to develop effective management of aquaculture wastewater in order to mitigate antibiotic pollution and transmission of ARGs to humans through the food chain.展开更多
文摘Background/Aims: Administration of a lactic acid bacterial strain, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805 (LC-Plasma), is reported to prevent viral infection via activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in mouse and human studies. As it is assumed that LC-Plasma is taken in excess when it is commercially provided as a supplement, we conducted a trial using capsules to give 250 mg LC-Plasma (5 times the effective anti-viral dose) every day for four weeks to healthy volunteers to investigate the safety of excessive intake of LC-Plasma. Trial Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted. Methods: Forty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the LC-Plasma group (daily intake of five capsules containing 50 mg heat-killed LC-Plasma cells per capsule) or the placebo group (daily intake of five placebo capsules with no LC-Plasma). Physical, hematological, biochemical and urinary examinations and medical interviews were used to evaluate safety. Results: No abnormal differences were observed after excessive intake of LC-Plasma capsules when compared to the intake of placebo capsules. Conclusions: There are no safety concerns associated with the excessive intake of heat-killed LC-Plasma capsules.
基金This work was supported by a research grant from the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education[HiCoE Phase II(IOES-2014D),FP048-2013A,SF022-2013]University Malaya[PG309-2016A,IF030A-2017]KAKENHI,JSPS[25257402,16H01782,17H04476]。
文摘Background and Objectives:One major source of antibiotic contamination in the sea is from aquaculture.We monitored the concentration of commonly used antibiotic classes and antibiotic resistance genes(tet(M),sul1,sul2 and sul3)in aquaculture farms in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:Antibiotic residues and resistance genes were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and real-time PCR respectively.Risk quotients in European technical guidance document on risk assessment was used to assess the potential environmental risk.Results:We detected 23 antibiotics with tetracyclines,sulfonamides and quinolones were the most frequently detected classes,indicating a wide distribution of antibiotics in Malaysian aquaculture farms.The dendrogram and heatmap revealed three groups of antibiotic concentration patterns but with no differences in the types of antibiotics usage among aquaculture farms.The ARGs(10^(−3)copies/16S)were detected in>90%of the sites except for sul3.Ciprofloxacin,enrofloxacin,norfloxacin and lincomycin posed risks to cyanobacteria and algae in Kelantan,Perak and Pahang.Conclusion:Relative to Asian aquaculture farms,the residues detected here were at low or moderate levels except for quinolones.This study will be useful to develop effective management of aquaculture wastewater in order to mitigate antibiotic pollution and transmission of ARGs to humans through the food chain.
