Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few years.In this comprehensive review,we summa...Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few years.In this comprehensive review,we summarize the main results from our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behavior of carbon nanotubes in biological systems.Ultrasensitive detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of biomolecules on the hydrophobic nanotube surface.Electrical nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological detection.Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/L.In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that highly water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible,nontoxic,and potentially useful for biomedical applications.In vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also size of nanotubes,with a tendency to accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system(RES),including the liver and spleen,after intravenous administration.If well functionalized,nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in feces.Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promise in various In vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery of small interfering RNA(siRNA),paclitaxel and doxorubicin.Moreover,single-walled carbon nanotubes with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminescence,Raman,and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and animals.Further multidisciplinary explorations in this field may bring new opportunities in the realm of biomedicine.展开更多
Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)with five different C13/C12 isotope compositions and well-separated Raman peaks have been synthesized and conjugated to five targeting ligands in order to impart molecular specific...Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)with five different C13/C12 isotope compositions and well-separated Raman peaks have been synthesized and conjugated to five targeting ligands in order to impart molecular specificity.Multiplexed Raman imaging of live cells has been carried out by highly specific staining of cells with a five-color mixture of SWNTs.Ex vivo multiplexed Raman imaging of tumor samples uncovers a surprising up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)on LS174T colon cancer cells from cell culture to in vivo tumor growth.This is the first time five-color multiplexed molecular imaging has been performed in the near-infrared(NIR)region under a single laser excitation.Near zero interfering background of imaging is achieved due to the sharp Raman peaks unique to nanotubes over the low,smooth autofluorescence background of biological species.展开更多
文摘Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few years.In this comprehensive review,we summarize the main results from our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behavior of carbon nanotubes in biological systems.Ultrasensitive detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of biomolecules on the hydrophobic nanotube surface.Electrical nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological detection.Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/L.In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that highly water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible,nontoxic,and potentially useful for biomedical applications.In vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also size of nanotubes,with a tendency to accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system(RES),including the liver and spleen,after intravenous administration.If well functionalized,nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in feces.Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promise in various In vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery of small interfering RNA(siRNA),paclitaxel and doxorubicin.Moreover,single-walled carbon nanotubes with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminescence,Raman,and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and animals.Further multidisciplinary explorations in this field may bring new opportunities in the realm of biomedicine.
基金This work was supported partially by CCNE-TR at Stanford University,NIH-NCI R01 CA135109-02,and Ensysce Biosciences Inc.
文摘Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)with five different C13/C12 isotope compositions and well-separated Raman peaks have been synthesized and conjugated to five targeting ligands in order to impart molecular specificity.Multiplexed Raman imaging of live cells has been carried out by highly specific staining of cells with a five-color mixture of SWNTs.Ex vivo multiplexed Raman imaging of tumor samples uncovers a surprising up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)on LS174T colon cancer cells from cell culture to in vivo tumor growth.This is the first time five-color multiplexed molecular imaging has been performed in the near-infrared(NIR)region under a single laser excitation.Near zero interfering background of imaging is achieved due to the sharp Raman peaks unique to nanotubes over the low,smooth autofluorescence background of biological species.
