金属蒸汽和飞溅图像特征分类的大功率盘形激光焊稳定性分析(英文)

采用对金属蒸汽图像特征进行分类的方法来评估焊接过程的稳定性。使用高速摄像机实时获取大功率盘形激光焊接过程中金属蒸汽和飞溅图像,定义并提取飞溅面积和个数、飞溅灰度图像平均灰度和熵、金属蒸汽质心与焊接点的坐标比以及金属蒸汽质心的极坐标(矢径和极角)等7个金属蒸汽和飞溅特征。为实现降维,使用Karhunen-Loeve变换法将7维特征向量转换为3维特征向量,同时使用K近邻法将图像分成焊接质量较好与较差两类。实验结果表明,金属蒸汽及飞溅与焊接稳定性有密切的联系,使用K近邻法对Karhunen-Loeve变换后的图像进行分类可以获得较好的效果,实现焊接状况的评估。

Online Monitoring of Welding Status Based on a DBN Model During Laser Welding

In this research,an auxiliary illumination visual sensor system,an ultraviolet/visible(UVV)band visual sensor system(with a wavelength less than 780 nm),a spectrometer,and a photodiode are employed to capture insights into the high-power disc laser welding process.The features of the visible optical light signal and the reflected laser light signal are extracted by decomposing the original signal captured by the photodiode via the wavelet packet decomposition(WPD)method.The captured signals of the spectrometer mainly have a wavelength of 400-900 nm,and are divided into 25 sub-bands to extract the spectrum features by statistical methods.The features of the plume and spatters are acquired by images captured by the UVV visual sensor system,and the features of the keyhole are extracted from images captured by the auxiliary illumination visual sensor system.Based on these real-time quantized features of the welding process,a deep belief network(DBN)is established to monitor the welding status.A genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of the proposed DBN model.The established DBN model shows higher accuracy and robustness in monitoring welding status in comparison with a traditional back-propagation neural network(BPNN)model.The effectiveness and generalization ability of the proposed DBN are validated by three additional experiments with different welding parameters.

Novel inspection of welded joint microstructure using magneto-optical imaging technology

A novel method for measuring differences of microstructure by advanced use of the Faraday magneto-optical effect is proposed. Two groups of YAG laser welds on Q235 have been investigated in order to compare MO imaging and traditional methods. Microstructure images have been compared with MO images, and MO diagrams display different colors and gray scales for the base metal, the weld zone, and the heat affected zone. Experimental results indicate that the welded joint microstructure can be inspected by MO imaging without metallographic preparation.

Interpretation of Laser Weld Penetration and Welding Phenomena (Invited Paper)

Deeply penetrated welds can be produced with high-power-density lasers.Thus the factors affecting laser weld penetration,laser-induced plume behavior and the interaction between a laser beam and a plume,keyhole behavior,melt flows in the molten pool,and the generation and prevention of bubbles and porosity were investigated.Consequently,the effects of plasma and plume on the weld penetration were interpreted in CO2 and fiber lasers welding,respectively.The formation of spattering,underfilled beads,and humping was understood.It was confirmed that porosity was easily formed at high powers and low welding speeds due to the generation of many bubbles from the tip of a keyhole.

The mechanism of penetration increase in A-TIG welding

The mechanism of the increasing of A-TIG welding penetration is studied by using the activating flux we developed for stainless steel, The effect of fluxon the flow and temperature fields of weld pool is simulated by the PHOENICS software, It shows that without flux, the fluid flow will be outward along the surface of the weld pool and then down, resulting in a flatter weld pool shape. With the flux, the oxygen, which changes the temperature dependence of surface tehsion grads froma negative value toa positive value, can cause significant changes onthe Weld penetration. Fluid flow will be inward along the surface of the weld pool toward the center and then down. This fluid flow pattern efficiently transfers heat to the weld root and produces a relatively deep and narrow weld.This change is the main cause of penetration increase. Moreover, arc construction can cause the weld width to become narrower and the penetration to become deeper, but this is not the main cause of penetration increase. The effects Of flux on fluid flow of the weld pool surface and arc profiles were observed in conventiOnai TIG welding and in A-TIG welding by using high-speed video camera; The fluid flow behavior was visualized in realtime scale by micro focused X-ray transmission video observation system. The result indicated that stronger inward fluid flow patterns leading to weld beads with narrower width and deeper penetration could be apparently identified in the case of A-TIG welding.The flux couldchange the direction of fluid flow i-n welding pool. It has a good agreement with the simulation result.