Prostate Cancer Characteristics and Associated Factors in Northern Cameroon

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer in Cameroon has been increasing in an alarming rate. The aim of this study is to characterize the form of prostate cancer and associated factors in patients from Cameroon Northern Regions. Methods: All patients with positive prostate biopsy (cancer+) from June 2018 to November 2019 were studied (n = 177). The followings were retrieved: digital rectal examination, standard clinical examinations, laboratory data such as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and the Gleason score. Patients self-administered a questionnaire assessing prostate cancer’s risk factors. Results: Patients were mainly from the Far North region (36.72%), and were either farmers or breeders (48.01%). Only prostate adenocarcinoma was present, with predominance of aggressive forms (Gleason score ≥ 7). Significant relationships were observed between Gleason score and 1) patients’ age (P = 0.006), 2) history of urinary tract infections (P = 0.015) and of exposure to agricultural products (P = 0.049), 3) clinical signs (nycturia, pollakiuria, poor acute urine retention, and dysuria) (P = 0.019), 4) prostate weight, and 5) serum PSA levels (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Aggressive forms of adenocarcinoma are the main prostate cancer in these regions, underlining the need for strategies aimed at raising prostate cancer awareness and early detection.

Fourteen Days Post-Ovariectomy Estrogens Decline Is Associated with Anxiogenic Effects on Wistar Rats

On study of the effects of estrogen deficiency on anxiety disorder by using ovariectomised animals, one discrepancy was the difference in behavioral testing delay following ovariectomy and the paradigms used. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiogenic effects of fourteen-day estrogen decline subsequent to ovariectomy on Wistar rats using EPM （elevated plus-maze） and open field tests. As results, fourteen days of estrogens decline has induced an increase of anxiety-related behaviour by a reduction of the percentage of the number of entries into the open arm （p 〈 0.01） and an increase of the percentage of the number of entries into the closed arm （/9 〈 0.01） during the elevated plus-maze test. This anxiety-like behaviour was confirmed on the open field test by a reduction of time spent in the centre of the arena （p 〈 0.05） as well as a reduction of crossing （p 〈 0.05） and an increase of the weight of faecal boli （p 〈 0.05） and grooming （p 〈 0.01）. Meanwhile, the administration of diazepam or estradiol valerate （1 mg/kg BW each） has corrected the anxious-like behaviour in both tests paradigms. These results suggest that fourteen days of estrogens decline was associated with an anxiety-related behaviour. This experimental model can constitute an excellent tool for the study of anxiolytic substances in menopause-related anxiety.