Excessive nitrate in water is harmful to the ecological environment and human health.Electrocatalytic reduction is a promising technology for nitrate removal.Herein,a Pd-Cu modified carbon nanotube membrane was fabric...Excessive nitrate in water is harmful to the ecological environment and human health.Electrocatalytic reduction is a promising technology for nitrate removal.Herein,a Pd-Cu modified carbon nanotube membrane was fabricated with an electrodeposition method and used to reduce nitrate in a flowthrough electrochemical reactor.The optimal potential and duration for codeposition of Pd and Cu were-0.7 V and 5 min,respectively,according to linear scan voltammetry results.The membrane obtained with a Pd:Cu ratio of 1:1 exhibited a relatively high nitrate removal efficiency and N_(2)selectivity.Nitrate was almost completely reduced(~99%)by the membrane at potentials lower than-1.2 V.However,-0.8 V was the optimal potential for nitrate reduction in terms of both nitrate removal efficiency and product selectivity.The nitrate removal efficiency was 56.2%,and the N_(2)selectivity was 23.8%for the Pd:Cu=1:1 membrane operated at-0.8 V.Nitrate removal was enhanced under acidic conditions,while N_(2)selectivity was decreased.The concentrations of Cl-ions and dissolved oxygen showed little effect on nitrate reduction.The mass transfer rate constant was greatly improved by 6.6 times from 1.14×10^(-3)m/h at a membrane flux of 1 L/(m^(2)·h)to 8.71×10^(-3)m/h at a membrane flux of 15 L/(m^(2)·h),which resulted in a significant increase in the nitrate removal rate from 13.6 to 133.5 mg/(m^(2)·h).These findings show that the Pd-Cu modified CNT membrane is an efficient material for nitrate reduction.展开更多
In recent decades,nanofiltration(NF)is considered as a promising separation technique to produce drinking water from different types of water source.In this paper,we comprehensively reviewed the progress of NFbased dr...In recent decades,nanofiltration(NF)is considered as a promising separation technique to produce drinking water from different types of water source.In this paper,we comprehensively reviewed the progress of NFbased drinking water treatment,through summarizing the development of materials/fabrication and applications of NF membranes in various scenarios including surface water treatment,groundwater treatment,water reuse,brackish water treatment,and point of use applications.We not only summarized the removal of target major pollutants(e.g.,hardness,pathogen,and natural organic matter),but also paid attention to the removal of micropollutants of major concern(e.g.,disinfection byproducts,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,and arsenic).We highlighted that,for different applications,fit-for-purpose design is needed to improve the separation capability for target compounds of NF membranes in addition to their removal of salts.Outlook and perspectives on membrane fouling control,chlorine resistance,integrity,and selectivity are also discussed to provide potential insights for future development of high-efficiency NF membranes for stable and reliable drinking water treatment.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070147 and 52270077)the Special Fund of the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(No.22K06ESPCT)the Promotion Plan for Young Teachers’Scientific Research Ability of Minzu University of China(Nos.2021QNPY83 and 2022QNPY51).
文摘Excessive nitrate in water is harmful to the ecological environment and human health.Electrocatalytic reduction is a promising technology for nitrate removal.Herein,a Pd-Cu modified carbon nanotube membrane was fabricated with an electrodeposition method and used to reduce nitrate in a flowthrough electrochemical reactor.The optimal potential and duration for codeposition of Pd and Cu were-0.7 V and 5 min,respectively,according to linear scan voltammetry results.The membrane obtained with a Pd:Cu ratio of 1:1 exhibited a relatively high nitrate removal efficiency and N_(2)selectivity.Nitrate was almost completely reduced(~99%)by the membrane at potentials lower than-1.2 V.However,-0.8 V was the optimal potential for nitrate reduction in terms of both nitrate removal efficiency and product selectivity.The nitrate removal efficiency was 56.2%,and the N_(2)selectivity was 23.8%for the Pd:Cu=1:1 membrane operated at-0.8 V.Nitrate removal was enhanced under acidic conditions,while N_(2)selectivity was decreased.The concentrations of Cl-ions and dissolved oxygen showed little effect on nitrate reduction.The mass transfer rate constant was greatly improved by 6.6 times from 1.14×10^(-3)m/h at a membrane flux of 1 L/(m^(2)·h)to 8.71×10^(-3)m/h at a membrane flux of 15 L/(m^(2)·h),which resulted in a significant increase in the nitrate removal rate from 13.6 to 133.5 mg/(m^(2)·h).These findings show that the Pd-Cu modified CNT membrane is an efficient material for nitrate reduction.
基金supported by Senior Research Fellow Scheme of Research Grant Council(Grant No.SRFS2021-7S04)in Hong Kong and Seed Fund for TranslationalApplied Research at The University of Hong Kong,China(Grant No.104006007).
文摘In recent decades,nanofiltration(NF)is considered as a promising separation technique to produce drinking water from different types of water source.In this paper,we comprehensively reviewed the progress of NFbased drinking water treatment,through summarizing the development of materials/fabrication and applications of NF membranes in various scenarios including surface water treatment,groundwater treatment,water reuse,brackish water treatment,and point of use applications.We not only summarized the removal of target major pollutants(e.g.,hardness,pathogen,and natural organic matter),but also paid attention to the removal of micropollutants of major concern(e.g.,disinfection byproducts,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,and arsenic).We highlighted that,for different applications,fit-for-purpose design is needed to improve the separation capability for target compounds of NF membranes in addition to their removal of salts.Outlook and perspectives on membrane fouling control,chlorine resistance,integrity,and selectivity are also discussed to provide potential insights for future development of high-efficiency NF membranes for stable and reliable drinking water treatment.