Cypermethrin triggers apoptosis, depletes granulosa cells, and induces endometrium thinning in female rats

Objective: To analyze the effects of subchronic cypermethrin on the ovary and endometrium as well as the involvement of apoptosis in the toxicity of cypermethrin. Methods: A total of 32 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 rats in each group. The control group received no treatment, and the other three groups received oral cypermethrin at 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg body weight for 28 days (sub-chronic). The granulosa cells were calculated histopathologically. The apoptotic index was determined by in situ technique. Histopathological examination was performed on the uterus and ovary. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of primary follicular granulosa cells between the treatment groups and the control group (P>0.05). However, the number of secondary and tertiary follicle granulosa cells in the treatment groups was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (P all<0.05). The apoptotic index of primary follicular granulosa cells increased significantly in the groups treated with cypermethrin compared with the control group (P<0.05). The secondary, tertiary, and endometrial granulosa cell apoptosis index was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The higher the dose of cypermethrin was, the higher the apoptotic index of secondary, tertiary and endometrial granulosa cells was. There was a significant decrease in endometrial thickness in the three treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Thinning of the endometrial layer was seen in the cypermethrin exposure groups. Conclusions: Exposure to cypermethrin can suppress the number of secondary and tertiary follicular granulosa cells, and trigger thinning of the endometrium through induction of apoptosis.

The effect of oral lead acetate exposure on bax expression and apoptosis index granulose cells antral follicle in female wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Objective:To prove the effect of administered orally lead acetate exposure on Bax expression and the apoptosis index of granulosa cells on antral follicle female albino rats Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus).Methods:Post-test only control group, using female albino rats Wistar strain aged (10-12) wk (reproductive age) weighing (100-200) g. Twenty-four animal samples were classified into one control group and three groups exposed to lead acetate in doses of 30, 100, and 300 ppm, respectively. Lead acetate was administered orally through a feeding tube over 30 d. Bax expression of granulosa cells on antral follicle was checked using immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis index were examined using Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results:Lead increases apoptosis index on doses of 300 ppm. The increase of the Bax expression granulosa cell on antral follicle was not statistically significant.Conclusion:The exposure of lead acetate administrated orally can increase apoptosis index of granulosa cell on antral follicle although it doesn't affect Bax expression.

Sargassum polycystum extract attenuates oxidative stress on diabetic rats

Objective:To evaluate hypoglycemic,free radical scavenging and improving antioxidant enzymes activities on diabetic-induced streptozotocin rats by Sargassum polycystum(S.polycystum)extract.Methods:The seaweed extract was obtained by maceration,concentration and freeze drying,respectively.Acute toxicity was investigated on 25 rats.Forty eight of rats were used to study anti-stress oxidative of extract and divided into eight groups,where the first and fifth group were normal and diabetic control.The normal and diabetic treated groups were administered orally with extracts of S.polycystum for 28 days.The blood glucose and body weight of rats were observed each week.The blood was obtained for determination of malondialdehide,superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase,respectively.Results:Extract of S.polycystum revealed no mortality and it was grouped as relatively nontoxic substance.The normal rats revealed difference statistically to the diabetic rats.The diabetic rats treated extract showed decreasing of blood glucose level and increasing of body weight.The diabetic rats were treated with 450 mg/kg of extract showed the higher oxidative stress augmentation than other diabetic treatments.It was caused free radical scavenging and induction of antioxidant enzymes activity by brown seaweed extract.Conclusions:The extract of S.echinocarpum reduce oxidative stress on diabetic-induced streptozotocin rats and demonstrate as candidate of antioxidant diabetic substances.