The overall goal of this study is investigating the environmental impacts of using wastewater effluent of industrial states in irrigation of green space. For this purpose, industrial state of Shokouhieh in Qom Provinc...The overall goal of this study is investigating the environmental impacts of using wastewater effluent of industrial states in irrigation of green space. For this purpose, industrial state of Shokouhieh in Qom Province in central of Iran was selected as a case study. Firstly, the quality and quantity of inputting wastewater into refinery and outputting wastewater effluent were measured on important parameters of pH, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD and wastewater temperature in refinery laboratory of industrial state of Qom Shokouhieh during 12 months from March 2012 to March 2013. Then analysis of chemical, biological and physical indicators of irrigation wastewater (effluent) and measurement of heavy metals were done in June 2012 and January 2013 according to the standards instruction for the water and wastewater treatment. Also, heavy metals, EC, pH, and Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, k+ of soil of industrial estate of Qom Shokouhieh were studied. Then, Rapid Impact Assessment Method (RIAM) and Entropy Method were used to analyze the data. In Rapid Impact Assessment Method, socio-cultural, physicochemical, biological and economic environments get the highest negative impacts respectively. In Entropy Method after weighting the environmental factors, public health and other disease parameters with the weight of 0.147, soil chemical properties with the weight of 0.136, soil toxicity with the weight of 0.126 were allocated the first rate up to the third rate respectively. After comparing the results of these two methods with each other, the main limitation of using wastewater effluent of industrial estate of Qom Shokouhie in irrigation of green space is entering chemical pollutants (nitrate) into groundwater, salinity and toxicity of soil of industrial state and endangerment of workers and labors public health who work in industrial state of Qom Shokouhie (specially the labors who exposure directly with the wastewater effluent and labors work in refinery).展开更多
The problem of solid waste landfills on Caspian Sea coastlines is one of the current concerns of the Iranian environmental authorities. Physical and environmental constraints as well as shortcomings in present municip...The problem of solid waste landfills on Caspian Sea coastlines is one of the current concerns of the Iranian environmental authorities. Physical and environmental constraints as well as shortcomings in present municipal solid waste management are the main factors for environmental pollution and natural resources destruction in this geographical region. In order to reduce the above problems, this study has been carried out on the basis of a comparative assessment of the existing condition of landfill sites in natural ecosystems. In this study, 48 cities of the region have been investigated. All of them are located in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces. Total daily waste production in the study area is about 1209 tons that are dumped in open spaces and/or in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Surveying of 53 physical, adaptability and constraint parameters as well as hygiene and environmental parameters in the landfills, based on “Monavari-94 Method” indicate that the main problem in all of them is a high groundwater table. In 42% of landfills, the groundwater level is between from 0.5 to 2 meters. This phenomenon may cause severe risks due to the infiltration of leachate into potable groundwater. Indeed, the results of the study show that 87.5% of the landfills are located in areas with unacceptable conditions. In spite of geographical and environmental problems and constraints and as a final alternative in this respect, the need for sanitary and technical solid waste management is the main need of the study areas.展开更多
文摘The overall goal of this study is investigating the environmental impacts of using wastewater effluent of industrial states in irrigation of green space. For this purpose, industrial state of Shokouhieh in Qom Province in central of Iran was selected as a case study. Firstly, the quality and quantity of inputting wastewater into refinery and outputting wastewater effluent were measured on important parameters of pH, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD and wastewater temperature in refinery laboratory of industrial state of Qom Shokouhieh during 12 months from March 2012 to March 2013. Then analysis of chemical, biological and physical indicators of irrigation wastewater (effluent) and measurement of heavy metals were done in June 2012 and January 2013 according to the standards instruction for the water and wastewater treatment. Also, heavy metals, EC, pH, and Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, k+ of soil of industrial estate of Qom Shokouhieh were studied. Then, Rapid Impact Assessment Method (RIAM) and Entropy Method were used to analyze the data. In Rapid Impact Assessment Method, socio-cultural, physicochemical, biological and economic environments get the highest negative impacts respectively. In Entropy Method after weighting the environmental factors, public health and other disease parameters with the weight of 0.147, soil chemical properties with the weight of 0.136, soil toxicity with the weight of 0.126 were allocated the first rate up to the third rate respectively. After comparing the results of these two methods with each other, the main limitation of using wastewater effluent of industrial estate of Qom Shokouhie in irrigation of green space is entering chemical pollutants (nitrate) into groundwater, salinity and toxicity of soil of industrial state and endangerment of workers and labors public health who work in industrial state of Qom Shokouhie (specially the labors who exposure directly with the wastewater effluent and labors work in refinery).
文摘The problem of solid waste landfills on Caspian Sea coastlines is one of the current concerns of the Iranian environmental authorities. Physical and environmental constraints as well as shortcomings in present municipal solid waste management are the main factors for environmental pollution and natural resources destruction in this geographical region. In order to reduce the above problems, this study has been carried out on the basis of a comparative assessment of the existing condition of landfill sites in natural ecosystems. In this study, 48 cities of the region have been investigated. All of them are located in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces. Total daily waste production in the study area is about 1209 tons that are dumped in open spaces and/or in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Surveying of 53 physical, adaptability and constraint parameters as well as hygiene and environmental parameters in the landfills, based on “Monavari-94 Method” indicate that the main problem in all of them is a high groundwater table. In 42% of landfills, the groundwater level is between from 0.5 to 2 meters. This phenomenon may cause severe risks due to the infiltration of leachate into potable groundwater. Indeed, the results of the study show that 87.5% of the landfills are located in areas with unacceptable conditions. In spite of geographical and environmental problems and constraints and as a final alternative in this respect, the need for sanitary and technical solid waste management is the main need of the study areas.
