Characterization,expression dynamics,and potential function of OPA1 for regulation of mitochondrial morphology during spermiogenesis in Phascolosoma esculenta

Mitochondria undergo morphological changes during spermatogenesis in some animals.The mechanism and role of mitochondrial morphology regulation,however,remain somewhat unclear.In this study,we analyzed the molecular characteristics,expression dynamics and subcellular localization of optic atrophy protein 1(OPA1),a mitochondrial fusion and cristae maintenance-related protein,to reveal the possible regulatory mechanisms underlying mitochondrial morphology in Phascolosoma esculenta spermiogenesis.The full-length cDNA of the P.esculenta opa1 gene(Pe-opa1)is 3743 bp in length and encodes 975 amino acids.The Pe-OPA1 protein is highly conservative and includes a transmembrane domain,a GTPase domain,two helical bundle domains,and a lipid-interacting stalk.Gene and protein expression was higher in the coelomic fluid(a site of spermatid development)of male P.esculenta and increased first and then decreased from March to December.Moreover,their expression during the breeding stage was significantly higher than during the non-breeding stage,suggesting that Pe-OPA1 is involved in P.esculenta reproduction.The Pe-OPA1 protein was more abundant in components consisting of many spermatids than in components without,indicating that Pe-OPA1 mainly plays a role in the spermatid in coelomic fluid.Moreover,Pe-OPA1 was mainly detected in the spermatid mitochondria.Immunofluorescence experiments showed that the Pe-OPA1 are constitutively expressed and co-localized with mitochondria during spermiogenesis,suggesting its involvement in P.esculenta spermiogenesis.These results provide evidence for Pe-OPA1's involvement in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology during spermiogenesis.

明清时期苏北鲁南段大运河历史变迁及影响

京杭大运河是中国古代先民改造和利用自然的伟大工程创举,其绵延近1800千米,沟通五大水系。其中,苏北鲁南地区囊括黄淮两大水系,背靠富庶的江南,坐拥广袤的江淮平原,运河沿线城镇星罗棋布,文化底蕴异常丰厚。南宋建炎二年(1128)黄河改道南流,由泗水夺淮入海,自此运河深受黄河影响。

A novel perylene diimide-based ionene polymer and its mixed cathode interlayer strategy for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

Inverted(p-i-n)perovskite solar cells(PerSCs)have attracted much attention owing to their low temperature processability,less hysteresis effect and easy integration as a subunit for the tandem device.The unsatisfactory interface contacts and energy level barrier between adjacent interlayers on the cathode side are one of the key challenges for the development of p-i-n PerSCs.Herein,perylene diimidebased(PDI)ionene polymer was synthesized and developed as a cathode interlayer(CIL)to enhance interface contact,reduce the energy level barrier and prevent the migration of I-ions.The compact PNPDI CIL with high conductivity and appropriate lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)level,resulted in a high efficiency device(20.03%),which is higher than the control device with bathophenanthroline(Bphen)(19.48%).Bphen-based CIL shows better adjusting ability of the work function of cathode metal but exhibits poor film-forming property.So,the synergistic effect of 1+1>2 can be obtained by combining Bphen and PNPDI into one CIL.As expected,the device performance was further improved by using the mixed CIL of Bphen and PNPDI,and 21.46%power conversion efficiency(PCE)was achieved.What’s more,the compact and hydrophobic mixed CIL dramatically enhanced the resistance to I-ions and moisture,which led to much enhanced device stability.

Development of plant cytosine base editors with the Cas12a system

Base editors of the Cas9 system have been widely used for precise nucleotide substitution in crops. In this study, Cas12a was applied to construct plant cytosine base editors(CBEs). The main elements of Cas12aCBEs were engineered and their efficiency was evaluated in stably transformed rice cells. An optimized ttCas12a-hyA3Bctd editor, consisting of a LbCas12a variant carrying catalytic inactive D832A and temperature-tolerance D156R double mutations, a truncated human APOBEC3B deaminase, a human RAD51 single-stranded DNA-binding domain, and double copies of UGI, outperformed other Cas12aCBEs in base editing efficiency. In T0transgenic rice plants, ttCas12a-hyA3Bctd edited an average of42.01% and a maximum of 68.75% of lines at six genomic targets. A-to-G conversions were generated in rice by an adenine base editor with a similar architecture to the optimized CBE. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility of robust and efficient plant Cas12a base editing systems, which could be useful for precise crop breeding.

Electroluminescence explored internal behavior of carriers in InGaAsP single-junction solar cell

The internal behaviors of carriers in InGaAsP single-junction solar cell are investigated by using electroluminescence(EL) measurements. Two emission peaks can be observed in current-dependent electroluminescence spectra at low temperatures, and carrier localization exists for both peaks under low excitation. The trends of power index α extracted from excitation-dependent EL spectra at different temperatures imply that there exists a competition between Shockley–Read–Hall recombination and Auger recombination. Auger recombination becomes dominant at high temperatures, which is probably responsible for the lower current density of InGaAsP solar cell. Besides, the anomalous “S-shape” tendency with the temperature of band-edge peak position can be attributed to potential fluctuation and carrier redistribution, demonstrating delocalization, transfer, and redistribution of carriers in the continuum band-edge. Furthermore, the strong reduction of activation energy at high excitations indicates that electrons and holes escaped independently, and the faster-escaping carriers are holes.

一种面向室内模型结构化重建的模型匹配方法

室内场景的三维重建方法可分为基于RGBD影像和SLAM的数据驱动方法以及基于室内场景模型库的模型驱动方法(结构化重建方法)两种。结构化重建方法中最关键的一个环节就是建立室内场景目标与模型库模型之间的对应关系。针对基于扫描点云的室内场景结构化重建问题,提出了一种基于主成分变换和格网化的模型匹配方法,并通过实验证明了该方法能快速可靠地获取结构匹配结果,为室内三维场景的自动结构化重建提供了新的技术方法。

千瓦级微波等离子炬-原子发射光谱(MPT-AES)在油液分析中的应用

采用千瓦级微波等离子炬-原子发射光谱(MPT-AES)装置对油液样品直接雾化进样分析,对直接稀释后的润滑油中8种金属元素进行了检测,并记录了进样时等离子体形貌的变化.结果表明,所有元素的校正曲线线性回归方程的R^2值均优于0. 995,精密度高,检出限接近传统的ICP-AES方法检出结果,为MPT-AES在油液视情维修中的分析监测及在线快速监测奠定了基础.同时还设计了一种油液在线混合进样装置,操作方便、进样量准确,适用于微量样品的采集和直接稀释及进样.

Management of post-hepatectomy complications

Hepatic resection had an impressive growth over time.It has been widely performed for the treatment of various liver diseases,such as malignant tumors,benign tumors,calculi in the intrahepatic ducts,hydatid disease,and abscesses.Management of hepatic resection is challenging.Despite technical advances and high experience of liver resection of specialized centers,it is still burdened by relatively high rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality.Especially,complex resections are being increasingly performed in high risk and older patient population.Operation on the liver is especially challenging because of its unique anatomic architecture and because of its vital functions.Common posthepatectomy complications include venous catheterrelated infection,pleural effusion,incisional infection,pulmonary atelectasis or infection,ascites,subphrenic infection,urinary tract infection,intraperitoneal hemorrhage,gastrointestinal tract bleeding,biliary tract hemorrhage,coagulation disorders,bile leakage,and liver failure.These problems are closely related to sur-gical manipulations,anesthesia,preoperative evaluation and preparation,and postoperative observation and management.The safety profile of hepatectomy probably can be improved if the surgeons and medical staff involved have comprehensive knowledge of the expected complications and expertise in their management.This review article focuses on the major postoperative issues after hepatic resection and presents the current management.

Identification of PAL genes related to anthocyanin synthesis in tea plants and its correlation with anthocyanin content

The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)gene family in tea plants(Camellia sinensis L.)encodes the enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway.The present study aimed to characterize the PAL genes in tea plants,and get better insights on the CsPALs in anthocyanins accumulation.Seven CsPAL genes were identified and characterized in tea plants by bioinformatics analysis.Systematic analysis of CsPALs was conducted for its phylogenetic relationship,gene structure,chromosomal location,and protein conserved motifs based on tea plant genome.The cis-elements of CsPALs were responsive to light,abiotic stress,hormone,and MYB-binding site.Furthermore,tissuespecific expression analysis showed that CsPAL4 was expressed preferentially in young leaves and buds.Correlation analysis was performed in purple-leaf tea with anthocyanin components,and it was suggested that CsPAL4 was closely related with different anthocyanin accumulated,especially with cyanidin 3-O-galactoside,cyanidin 3-O-glucoside,and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside.Additionally,the putative upstream regulation factors CsMYBs(CsMYB59,CsARR1,CsSRM1,CsMYB101,and CsMYB52)and CsbHLHs(CsbHLH104,CsbHLH3,CsbIM1,CsTCP14,and CsPIF4)could bind to the promoter of CsPALs,thereby activating its transcription.This study provides a theoretical basis for further research to elucidate the functions of the CsPAL genes.

杂环分子-吗啉在同步辐射真空紫外光下的光电离解离研究（英文）

本文采用同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱法和理论计算方法,研究了吗啉单体的光电离、解离及随后的裂解反应.实验测得吗啉单体的垂直电离能为8.37 eV(±0.05),与理论计算值8.41 eV 相当吻合.实验观察到荷质比为86、57和29的吗啉碎片离子.实验和理论结果表明:荷质比为86的碎片是通过失去氢原子而产生的,而荷质比为57的碎片是通过开环消除CH2O而形成的;荷质比为29的碎片是通过消除C2H4从碎片离子(C3H7N)+(m/z=57)进一步解离而产生的.这一发现为研究脂肪族化合物的光损伤提供了有价值的见解,可能被转化为活细胞和其他生物系统.

Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder locally invading the liver and abdominal cavity: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma(GBSCC)is a rare subtype of malignancy and accounts for only 2%-3%of gallbladder malignancies.Due to its rapid development,most patients with GBSCC initially present with an advanced stage of the disease and hence a poor prognosis.The clinicopathological and biological features of SCC remain to be fully elucidated,owing to its uncommon occurrence.The majority of currently available data only described individual case reports or series analyses of trivial cases.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man was admitted for progressively poor abdominal distension and pain.Liver computed tomography(CT)showed infiltration of gallbladder carcinoma into the adjacent liver,and enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes.The patient underwent radical cholecystectomy.Part of the mass was grey and soft,and the neoplastic section showed a purulent-necrotic lesion.Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a moderately differentiated SCC.Immunohistochemical studies showed strong staining of the tumor for AE1/3 and CK5/6.Staining for CK19,CK7,and CAM5.2 was positive in the cytoplasm.Systemic chemotherapy was not administered because of the patient’s poor physical condition.After five months,CT and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed multiple metastases in the liver and abdominal cavity.CONCLUSION Squamous components of GBSCC may explain the complex biological behavior,and CD109 may be involved in the pathogenesis.

Genetic basis of high aroma and stress toleranee in the oolong tea cultivar genome

Tea plants(Camellia sinensis)are commercially cultivated in>60 countries,and their fresh leaves are processed into tea,which is the most widely consumed beverage in the world.Although several chromosome-level tea plant genomes have been published,they collapsed the two haplotypes and ignored a large number of allelic variations that may underlie important biological functions in this species.Here,we present a phased chromosome-scale assembly for an elite oolong tea cultivar,"Huangdan",that is well known for its high levels of aroma.Based on the two sets of haplotype genome data,we identi fi ed numerous genetic variations and a substantial proportion of allelic imbalance related to important traits,including aroma-and stress-related alleles.Comparative genomics revealed extensive structural variations as well as expansion of some gene families,such as terpene synthases(TPSs),that likely contribute to the high-aroma characteristics of the backbone parent,underlying the molecular basis for the biosynthesis of aroma-related chemicals in oolong tea.Our results uncovered the genetic basis of special features of this oolong tea cultivar,providing fundamental genomic resources to study evolution and domestication for the economically important tea crop.

Chromatin accessibility and translational Iandscapes of tea plants under chilling stress

Plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels to regulate gene expression in order to improve their cold adaptability.However,limited information is available regarding the stress response at the chromatin and translational levels.Here,we characterize the chromatin accessibility,transcriptional,and translational landscapes of tea plants in vivo under chilling stress for the first time.Chilling stress signi ficantly affected both the transcription and translation levels as well as the translation efficiency of tea plants.A total of 3010 genes that underwent rapid and independent translation under chilling stress were observed,and they were signi ficantly enriched in the photosynthesis-antenna protein and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways.A set of genes that were signi ficantly responsive to cold at the transcription and translation levels,including four(+)-neomenthol dehydrogenases(MNDs)and two(E)-nerolidol synthases(NESs)arranged in tandem on the chromosomes,were also found.We detected potential upstream open reading frames(uORFs)on 3082 genes and found that tea plants may inhibit the overall expression of genes by enhancing the translation of uORFs under chilling stress.In addition,we identi fied distal transposase hypersensitive sites(THSs)and proximal THSs and constructed a transcriptional regulatory network for tea plants under chilling stress.We also identi fied 13 high-con fidence transcription factors(TFs)that may play a crucial role in cold regulation.These results provide valuable information regarding the potential transcriptional regulatory network in plants and help to clarify how plants exhibit flexible responses to chilling stress.

Resveratrol and genistein inhibition of rat isolated gastrointestinal contractions and related mechanisms

AIM:To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of resveratrol and genistein on contractile responses of rat gastrointestinal smooth muscle.METHODS:Isolated strips of gastrointestinal smooth muscle from Spraque-Dawley rats were suspended in organ baths containing Kreb's solution,and the contractility of smooth muscles was measured before and after incubation with resveratrol and genistein,and the related mechanisms were studied by co-incubation with various inhibitors.RESULTS:Resveratrol and genistein dose-dependently decreased the resting tension,and also reduced the mean contractile amplitude of gastrointestinal smooth muscle.Estrogen receptor blockades(ICI 182780 and tamoxifen) failed to alter the inhibitory effects induced by resveratrol and genistein.However,their effects were attenuated by inhibitions of α-adrenergic receptor(phentolamine),nitric oxide synthase(levorotatoryNG-nitroarginine),ATP-sensitive potassium channels(glibenclamide),and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(SQ22536).In high K+/Ca2+-free Kreb's solution containing 0.01 mmol/L egtazic acid,resveratrol and genistein reduced the contractile responses of CaCl2,and shifted its cumulative concentration-response curves rightward.CONCLUSION:Resveratrol and genistein relax gastrointestinal smooth muscle via α-adrenergic receptors,nitric oxide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathways,ATP-sensitive potassium channels,and inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels.

Evidence for the role of KIF17 in fish spermatid reshaping:expression pattern of KIF17 in Larimichthys polyactis spermiogenesis

The homodimeric kinesin-2 protein KIF17 functions in intracellular transport and spermiogenesis in mammals.However,its role in fish spermiogenesis has not been reported.Here,we aimed to clone full-length kif17 cDNA and determine the molecular characteristics and expression patterns of KIF17 in Larimichthys polyactis spermiogenesis.The full-length cDNA of L.polyactis kif17(Lp-kif17)was sequenced and found to contain a 332-bp 5′untranslated region,480-bp 3′untranslated region,and 2433-bp open reading frame encoding 810 amino acids.Bioinformatics analyses showed that L.polyactis KIF17(Lp-KIF17)shared high sequence similarity with homologs in other animals and possessed an N-terminal motor domain with microtubule-binding sites and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)hydrolysis sites,a stalk domain containing two coiled-coil regions,and a C-terminal tail domain.The Lp-kif17 mRNA was widely expressed in various tissues,with the highest level in the brain,followed by that in the testis.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)analysis revealed that Lp-kif17 was continuously expressed in spermiogenesis,showing that it had potential functions in this process.Using immunofluorescence(IF)analysis,we found that Lp-KIF17 colocalized with tubulin and was transferred from the perinuclear cytoplasm to the side of spermatid where the tail forms during spermiogenesis.These findings suggested that KIF17 is involved in L.polyactis spermiogenesis.In particular,it may participate in nuclear shaping and tail formation by interacting with perinuclear microtubules during spermatid reshaping.In addition to providing evidence for the role of KIF17 in fish spermatid reshaping,this study provides important data for studies of reproductive biology in L.polyactis.

A targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis of'Oriental Beauty'oolong tea during processing

Oriental Beauty,a deeply fermented variety of oolong tea,is famous for its fruity aroma and sweet taste.A targeted and untargeted metabolomics was used to comprehensively analyze the dynamic changes of taste and aroma metabolites during the processing stage.During the enzyme reaction stage,the catechin components were oxidized and degraded into theaflavins and oolongtheanins.The total abundance of aroma increased from 259.24 to 564.52μg/L,and mainly monoterpenoids formed.During the nonenzymatic reaction stage,the total abundance of aroma decreased from 564.52 to 274.74μg/L,and linalool was thermally converted to hotrienol.In this study,metabolomics changes were conducive to better control of tea quality.

轨道交通综合型上盖物业交通指标评价研究及应用

我国城市轨道交通综合型上盖物业发展迅速,集约化的土地利用、综合的功能布局以及便捷的交通换乘,使其未来发展前景广阔。从交通工程学的视角,运用层次分析法建立轨道交通综合型上盖物业的交通评价指标体系和综合评价模型,并对南京市具有代表性的三个轨道站点进行评价及对比分析,找到各自存在的问题并提出交通改善建议,同时验证了该评价体系与方法的可操作性和有效性。

Physiological and histological responses of Phascolosoma esculenta (Sipuncula: Phascolosomatidea) to acute heat stress

Temperature is an important factor affecting the growth,development,and survival of organisms.The effects of temperature stress on aquatic organisms have received increasing attention,as these organisms are mostly poikilotherms and their body temperature are directly corresponding changes with ambient temperature,resulting in they are easily exposed in temperature stress.However,little is known about the effects of high temperature on Sipuncula.In this study,we investigated the effects of acute heat stress on malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration,the activities of antioxidant(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase)and immunity-related(acidic and alkaline phosphatase)enzymes,heat shock protein 70(hsp70)and hsp90 gene expression,and the histological structure of the sipunculid Phascolosoma esculenta.Within the coelom fl uid,the MDA concentration and all detected antioxidant enzyme activities increased during high temperature stress;signifi cant increases were also observed here and in the intestine in the hsp70 and hsp90 mRNA expression levels.These results indicated that acute heat stress caused oxidative stress;antioxidants and heat shock proteins probably act to protect P.esculenta against oxidative damage,constituting part of its physiological mechanism for adaptation to high temperatures.In addition,the increased activity of the acidic and alkaline phosphatases indicated eff ects on its nonspecifi c immune system.Furthermore,damaged tissue structures were observed in the body wall,retractor muscle,intestine,and nephridium after 96 h of 40-℃ stress.The damaged cells of these tissues showed obvious condensed chromatin around the nuclear membrane.This histological damage suggests that heat stress could affect movement,food absorption,digestion,and excretion in P.esculenta.These results elucidate the effects of temperature stress on P.esculenta and its physiological response mechanisms and provide practical indicators for assessing heat stress status and determining suitable culture temperatures for P.esculenta.

Effect of Fructus Psoraleae on motility of gallbladder isolated smooth muscle strips from guinea pigs

瞄准：在畿尼猪和它的机制的孤立的胆囊肌肉脱衣的活动性上观察果实 Psoraleae 的效果。方法：畿尼猪被撞击失去知觉，整个胆囊快速被移开。二或三平滑肌脱衣(8 公里 x 3 公里) 沿着一个纵的方向被切。粘膜轻轻地被移开。每纵的肌肉脱衣在连续地与 5 mL 克雷布斯答案(C 的 37 度) 被酒的一个织物房间被推迟， pH 7.4，并且与 950 mL/L O2 和 50 mL/L CO2 充气了。等轴的反应与一个墨水作品录音机被记录。在在 1 g负担下面的 2 h 使平衡以后， 50 microL 果实 Psoraleae ( 10 ， 20 ， 70 ， 200 ， 700 ， 1000 g/L )接着累积地被增加进组织房间在胆囊肌肉上观察他们的效果的每 2 min 脱衣(堆积果实 Psoraleae 的最后的集中是 0.1 ， 0.3 ， 1.0 ， 3.0 ， 10.0 ， 20.0 g/L )。对手，包括的 4 阻尼， benzhydramine，六羟季铵，芬妥胺， verapamil 和 idomethine 分别地在果实 Psoraleae 前被给 2 min 调查包含的机制。结果：果实 Psoraleae dose-dependently 增加了休息紧张(r = 0.992， P 【 0.001 ) ，减少吝啬的可收缩的振幅(r = 0.970， P 【 0.001 ) 并且同时增加了胆囊肌肉长带在试管内的可收缩的频率(r = 0.965， P 【 0.001 ) 。休息紧张上的果实 Psoraleae 的令人激动的行动能被4阻尼部分堵住(休息紧张从 1.37 +/-减少了 0.41～0.70 +/- 0.35 ， P 【 0.001 )， benzhydramine (从 1.37 +/- 0.41～0.45 +/- 0.38 ， P 【 0.001 )，六羟季铵(从 1.37 +/- 0.41～0.94 +/- 0.23 ， P 【 0.05 )，芬妥胺(从 1.37 +/- 0.41～0.89 +/- 0.22 ， P 【 0.01 )并且 verapamil (从 1.37 +/- 0.41～0.94 +/- 0.26 ， P 【 0.05 )。但是上述对手没在果实导致 Psoraleae 的吝啬的可收缩的振幅的行动以后有重要效果(P 】 0.05 ) 。而且，可收缩的频率的增加被 4 阻尼由于果实 Psoraleae 禁止(从 8.3 +/- 减少了 1.2 ～ 6.8 +/- 0.5， P 【 0.01 ) 并且六羟季铵(从 8.3 +/- 1.2 ～ 7.0 +/- 0.9， P 【 0.05 ) 。Idomethine 没在果实导致 Psoraleae 的回答上有重要效果(P 】 0.05 ) 。结论：果实 Psoraleae 从畿尼猪提高孤立的胆囊肌肉脱衣的活动性，以一种剂量依赖者方式。果实 Psoraleae 的效果是部分与 M3 有关， N 受体，高山哈受体， H1 受体， Ca2+ 隧道，然而并非与前列腺素有关。

Comparison of resonant tunneling diodes grown on freestanding GaN substrates and sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy

AlN/GaN resonant tunneling diodes(RTDs)were grown separately on freestanding Ga N(FS-GaN)substrates and sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy(PA-MBE).Room temperature negative differential resistance(NDR)was obtained under forward bias for the RTDs grown on FS-GaN substrates,with the peak current densities(Jp)of 175-700 kA/cm^(2)and peak-to-valley current ratios(PVCRs)of 1.01-1.21.Two resonant peaks were also observed for some RTDs at room temperature.The effects of two types of substrates on epitaxy quality and device performance of GaN-based RTDs were firstly investigated systematically,showing that lower dislocation densities,flatter surface morphology,and steeper heterogeneous interfaces were the key factors to achieving NDR for RTDs.