Perianal abscess is a common disease in anorectal surgery. If the diagnosis is not clear and the cure is thoroughly cleared, the recurrence and spread of anal fistula will cause life-long pain. Objective: To investiga...Perianal abscess is a common disease in anorectal surgery. If the diagnosis is not clear and the cure is thoroughly cleared, the recurrence and spread of anal fistula will cause life-long pain. Objective: To investigate the application of 3.0T MRI 3D CUBE T2WI lipid suppression sequence in the diagnosis of perianal abscess. Methods: Thirty-six patients with perianal abscess confirmed by operation were examined with 2D T2WI and 3D CUBE T2WI lipid suppression sequences before operation. Two imaging techniques were evaluated to show the types of perianal abscess, the number of abscesses, the number of internal orifices of abscess, and the number of fistula branches with anal fistula in abscess. Results: Among 36 cases of perianal abscess, there were 5 cases of anal subcutaneous abscess, 12 cases of ischiorectal space abscess (8 cases complicated with anal fistula), 6 cases of posterior anal space abscess, 5 cases of anal sphincter abscess (3 cases complicated with anal fistula), 2 cases of high intermuscular abscess, 2 cases of rectal submucosal abscess, 3 cases of complex abscess (3 cases complicated with anal fistula), 1 case of misdiagnosis, 2D T2WI lipid suppression sequence and 3D CUBE T2WI suppression. The accuracy of lipid sequence abscess typing was 80.6% (29/36) and 88.9% (32/36), respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Thirty-six patients were surgically diagnosed as having 32 internal orifices, 68.8% (22/32) and 93.8% (30/32) of 2D T2WI and 3D CUBE T2WI lipid-suppressing sequences, respectively, with significant difference (P Conclusion: 3D CUBE T2WI lipid suppression sequence is superior to 2D T2WI lipid suppression sequence in the classification of perianal abscess, the number of internal orifices of abscess and the number of fistula branches of abscess complicated with anal fistula. It can also determine the number of internal orifices of abscess complicated with anal fistula, the number of fistula branches, the shape of primary and branch fistula and the relationship among pelvic floor muscle tissues. It can provide more accurate images for preoperative and intraoperative clinical surgery.展开更多
Tinnitus can be described as the conscious perception of sound without external stimulation,and it is often accompanied by anxiety,depression,and insomnia.Current clinical treatments for tinnitus are ineffective.Altho...Tinnitus can be described as the conscious perception of sound without external stimulation,and it is often accompanied by anxiety,depression,and insomnia.Current clinical treatments for tinnitus are ineffective.Although recent studies have indicated that the caudateputamen nucleus may be a sensory gating area involved in noise elimination in tinnitus,the underlying mechanisms of this disorder are yet to be determined.To investigate the potential role of the caudate-putamen nucleus in experimentally induced tinnitus,we created a rat model of tinnitus induced by intraperitoneal administration of 350 mg/kg sodium salicylate.Our results revealed that the mean spontaneous firing rate of the caudate-putamen nucleus was increased by sodium salicylate treatment,while dopamine levels were decreased.In addition,electrical stimulation of the caudate-putamen nucleus markedly reduced the spontaneous firing rate of neurons in the primary auditory cortex.These findings suggest that the caudate-putamen nucleus plays a sensory gating role in sodium salicylate-induced tinnitus.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Peking University Health Science Center(approval No.A2010031)on December 6,2017.展开更多
The tadpole is a critical stage in the amphibian life cycle and plays an important role during the transition from the aquatic to the terrestrial stage. However, there is a large gap in tadpole research, which represe...The tadpole is a critical stage in the amphibian life cycle and plays an important role during the transition from the aquatic to the terrestrial stage. However, there is a large gap in tadpole research, which represents a vital component of our understanding of the diversity and complexity of the life history traits of amphibians, especially their developmental biology. Some aspects of this gap are due to limited research approaches. To date, X-ray microcomputed tomography （micro-CT） has been widely used to conduct osteology research in adult amphibians and reptiles, but little is known about whether this tool can be applied in tadpole studies. Thus, we compared the results of two methods （the bone-cartilage double-staining technique and micro-CT） to study vertebrae in tadpole specimens. The results revealed no significant difference between the two methods in determining the number of vertebrae, and micro-CT represents a rapid, non-invasive, reliable method of studying tadpole vertebrae. When scanning tadpoles, voltage is the most critical of the scanning parameters （voltage, current and scan time）, and moderate scanning parameters are recommended. In addition, micro-CT performed better using specimens stored in 70% ethanol than those preserved in 10% formalin. Finally, we suggest that micro-CT should be more widely applied in herpetological research to increase specimen utilization.展开更多
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death-1(PD-1)protein significantly improve survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),but its impact on early-stage ground-glass opa...Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death-1(PD-1)protein significantly improve survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),but its impact on early-stage ground-glass opacity(GGO)lesions remains unclear.This is a single-arm,phase II trial(NCT04026841)using Simon’s optimal two-stage design,of which 4 doses of sintilimab(200 mg per 3 weeks)were administrated in 36 enrolled multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)patients with persistent high-risk(Lung-RADS category 4 or had progressed within 6 months)GGOs.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR).T/B/NK-cell subpopulations,TCR-seq,cytokines,exosomal RNA,and multiplexed immunohistochemistry(mIHC)were monitored and compared between responders and non-responders.Finally,two intent-to-treat(ITT)lesions(pure-GGO or GGO-predominant)showed responses(ORR:5.6%,2/36),and no patients had progressive disease(PD).No grade 3-5 TRAEs occurred.The total response rate considering two ITT lesions and three non-intent-to-treat(NITT)lesions(pure-solid or solid-predominant)was 13.9%(5/36).The proportion of CD8^(+)T cells,the ratio of CD8^(+)/CD4^(+),and the TCR clonality value were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of responders before treatment and decreased over time.Correspondingly,the mIHC analysis showed more CD8^(+)T cells infiltrated in responders.Besides,responders’cytokine concentrations of EGF and CTLA-4 increased during treatment.The exosomal expression of fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation gene signatures were down-regulated among responders.Collectively,PD-1 inhibitor showed certain activity on high-risk pulmonary GGO lesions without safety concerns.Such effects were associated with specific T-cell re-distribution,EGF/CTLA-4 cytokine compensation,and regulation of metabolism pathways.展开更多
To the Editor:Over the past few years,the number of cancer survivors has continued to increase,primarily driven by the growing and aging population and the improvements in cancer detection and treatment.More than 16.9...To the Editor:Over the past few years,the number of cancer survivors has continued to increase,primarily driven by the growing and aging population and the improvements in cancer detection and treatment.More than 16.9 million Americans with prior cancers were alive on January 1,2019,and the number of cancer survivors was estimated to reach>22.1 million by January 1,2030.[1]The lifetime risk of individual second primary cancer(SPC)has been confirmed when confronted with such a large amount of cancer survivors.[2]Definition of specific site is shown in supplementary material,http://links.lww.com/CM9/B616.展开更多
Background:Respiratory cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,but its statistics vary between the East and West.This study aimed to estimate the burdens of tracheal,bronchus,and lung(TBL)cancer...Background:Respiratory cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,but its statistics vary between the East and West.This study aimed to estimate the burdens of tracheal,bronchus,and lung(TBL)cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019 in Asia,and at regional and national levels.Methods:This research evaluated the incidence,mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for respiratory tract cancers using the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2019 database.Age-standardized rates were calculated for TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019,adjusted for smoking and socio-demographic index(SDI).Deaths from TBL cancer and larynx cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated for 33 Asian countries.Results:The age-standardized incidence and death rates for TBL cancer in Asia declined from 2010 to 2019,while the incidence rate of larynx cancer increased.Smoking was the leading specific risk factor for deaths from both TBL and larynx cancers.The burden of TBL cancer in Asian countries was influenced by SDI and smoking,particularly among males in Central Asia.Deaths,DALYs,and incidences of larynx cancer in East Asia had not changed significantly over the past 30 years,but showed slight downward trends in males and both sexes combined,and an upward trend in females in recent years.Conclusions:The past decade saw increases in numbers of incident cases and deaths from TBL cancer and larynx cancer in Asia.SDI and smoking were the main factors influencing the disease burden of TBL cancer in Asian countries.This study highlights the need for tailored cancer control programs to address the burden of respiratory tract cancers in different Asian countries.展开更多
Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the Chinese Version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire(TPFQ).Methods:One hundred and sixteen patients who had been suffering from tinnitus for over 3 months w...Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the Chinese Version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire(TPFQ).Methods:One hundred and sixteen patients who had been suffering from tinnitus for over 3 months were included in this study.Those tinnitus patients were administered the TPFQ,the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI),the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI),the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Additionally,the magnitude estimate of tinnitus loudness,pure tone audiogram,and tinnitus matching was obtained.The factor structure was measured using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test.The internal consistency was examined using Cronbach'sαcoefficient.The relationships between the TPFQ scores and other measurements were compared using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results:The Cronbach'sαof the 20-item version of TPFQ was 0.94,and that of the 12-item version of TPFQ was 0.92.Both the 20-and 12-item versions of TPFQ were significantly correlated with magnitude estimation of tinnitus loudness,THI,PSQI,BDI,and BAI.The average pure tone hearing threshold was significantly correlated with the hearing subscale.Conclusion:The 20-and 12-item Chinese versions of TPFQ are reliable and valid measures of tinnitus.The TPFQ can be applied to the assessment and management of tinnitus among the Chinese-speaking population.展开更多
Dear Editor,In recent years,the incidence of multifocal lung cancer is increasing,called multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC).Synchronous MPLC(sMPLC)is defined by multiple malignant lesions occurring at the same time.1 ...Dear Editor,In recent years,the incidence of multifocal lung cancer is increasing,called multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC).Synchronous MPLC(sMPLC)is defined by multiple malignant lesions occurring at the same time.1 In clinical practice,it was always extremely difficult to remove all lesions simultaneously for sMPLC patients.However,unresected GGO lesions after primary surgery frequently caught the risk of progression.展开更多
Pitting corrosion behavior of Ce treated HSLA steels induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization and immersion corrosion test.The results show that Ce adde...Pitting corrosion behavior of Ce treated HSLA steels induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization and immersion corrosion test.The results show that Ce added steels exhibit better pitting corrosion resistance with lower corrosion current density and bigger pitting potential compared with steel without Ce,which is mainly attributed to optimized characteristics of spherical Ce-oxysulfide inclusions with less number density,smaller average size and lower pitting corrosion susceptibility.The spherical Ce_(2)O_(2) S inclusions precipitated on the surface of CeAlO_(3) inclusions in the Ce added steels induce pits with bigger opening mouth and shallow depth,reducing their tendency of extension to go deeper due to occlusion corrosion battery in the pitting holes.Furthermore,corrosion inhibitor Ce(OH)_(3) generated by Ce_(2)O_(2) S hydration can weaken electrochemical corrosion of the matrix micro-region around the pits.To avoid harmful bigger inclusions,Ce content in steels should be regulated within reasonable range,0.015 wt% Ce in present steels effectively modified inclusions to acquire the best pitting corrosion resistance of the steels.展开更多
文摘Perianal abscess is a common disease in anorectal surgery. If the diagnosis is not clear and the cure is thoroughly cleared, the recurrence and spread of anal fistula will cause life-long pain. Objective: To investigate the application of 3.0T MRI 3D CUBE T2WI lipid suppression sequence in the diagnosis of perianal abscess. Methods: Thirty-six patients with perianal abscess confirmed by operation were examined with 2D T2WI and 3D CUBE T2WI lipid suppression sequences before operation. Two imaging techniques were evaluated to show the types of perianal abscess, the number of abscesses, the number of internal orifices of abscess, and the number of fistula branches with anal fistula in abscess. Results: Among 36 cases of perianal abscess, there were 5 cases of anal subcutaneous abscess, 12 cases of ischiorectal space abscess (8 cases complicated with anal fistula), 6 cases of posterior anal space abscess, 5 cases of anal sphincter abscess (3 cases complicated with anal fistula), 2 cases of high intermuscular abscess, 2 cases of rectal submucosal abscess, 3 cases of complex abscess (3 cases complicated with anal fistula), 1 case of misdiagnosis, 2D T2WI lipid suppression sequence and 3D CUBE T2WI suppression. The accuracy of lipid sequence abscess typing was 80.6% (29/36) and 88.9% (32/36), respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Thirty-six patients were surgically diagnosed as having 32 internal orifices, 68.8% (22/32) and 93.8% (30/32) of 2D T2WI and 3D CUBE T2WI lipid-suppressing sequences, respectively, with significant difference (P Conclusion: 3D CUBE T2WI lipid suppression sequence is superior to 2D T2WI lipid suppression sequence in the classification of perianal abscess, the number of internal orifices of abscess and the number of fistula branches of abscess complicated with anal fistula. It can also determine the number of internal orifices of abscess complicated with anal fistula, the number of fistula branches, the shape of primary and branch fistula and the relationship among pelvic floor muscle tissues. It can provide more accurate images for preoperative and intraoperative clinical surgery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.21790391(to LQM)and 81870727(to FRM).
文摘Tinnitus can be described as the conscious perception of sound without external stimulation,and it is often accompanied by anxiety,depression,and insomnia.Current clinical treatments for tinnitus are ineffective.Although recent studies have indicated that the caudateputamen nucleus may be a sensory gating area involved in noise elimination in tinnitus,the underlying mechanisms of this disorder are yet to be determined.To investigate the potential role of the caudate-putamen nucleus in experimentally induced tinnitus,we created a rat model of tinnitus induced by intraperitoneal administration of 350 mg/kg sodium salicylate.Our results revealed that the mean spontaneous firing rate of the caudate-putamen nucleus was increased by sodium salicylate treatment,while dopamine levels were decreased.In addition,electrical stimulation of the caudate-putamen nucleus markedly reduced the spontaneous firing rate of neurons in the primary auditory cortex.These findings suggest that the caudate-putamen nucleus plays a sensory gating role in sodium salicylate-induced tinnitus.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Peking University Health Science Center(approval No.A2010031)on December 6,2017.
基金supported by the National Key Program of Research and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2017YFC05 05202 granted to Jianping JIANG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31172055 granted to Cheng LI and No. 31172174 granted to Feng XIE)
文摘The tadpole is a critical stage in the amphibian life cycle and plays an important role during the transition from the aquatic to the terrestrial stage. However, there is a large gap in tadpole research, which represents a vital component of our understanding of the diversity and complexity of the life history traits of amphibians, especially their developmental biology. Some aspects of this gap are due to limited research approaches. To date, X-ray microcomputed tomography （micro-CT） has been widely used to conduct osteology research in adult amphibians and reptiles, but little is known about whether this tool can be applied in tadpole studies. Thus, we compared the results of two methods （the bone-cartilage double-staining technique and micro-CT） to study vertebrae in tadpole specimens. The results revealed no significant difference between the two methods in determining the number of vertebrae, and micro-CT represents a rapid, non-invasive, reliable method of studying tadpole vertebrae. When scanning tadpoles, voltage is the most critical of the scanning parameters （voltage, current and scan time）, and moderate scanning parameters are recommended. In addition, micro-CT performed better using specimens stored in 70% ethanol than those preserved in 10% formalin. Finally, we suggest that micro-CT should be more widely applied in herpetological research to increase specimen utilization.
基金China National Science Foundation(Grant No.82022048,82373121)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(grant number 202206080013)the National Key Research&Development Programme(grant numbers 2022YFC2505100).
文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death-1(PD-1)protein significantly improve survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),but its impact on early-stage ground-glass opacity(GGO)lesions remains unclear.This is a single-arm,phase II trial(NCT04026841)using Simon’s optimal two-stage design,of which 4 doses of sintilimab(200 mg per 3 weeks)were administrated in 36 enrolled multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)patients with persistent high-risk(Lung-RADS category 4 or had progressed within 6 months)GGOs.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR).T/B/NK-cell subpopulations,TCR-seq,cytokines,exosomal RNA,and multiplexed immunohistochemistry(mIHC)were monitored and compared between responders and non-responders.Finally,two intent-to-treat(ITT)lesions(pure-GGO or GGO-predominant)showed responses(ORR:5.6%,2/36),and no patients had progressive disease(PD).No grade 3-5 TRAEs occurred.The total response rate considering two ITT lesions and three non-intent-to-treat(NITT)lesions(pure-solid or solid-predominant)was 13.9%(5/36).The proportion of CD8^(+)T cells,the ratio of CD8^(+)/CD4^(+),and the TCR clonality value were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of responders before treatment and decreased over time.Correspondingly,the mIHC analysis showed more CD8^(+)T cells infiltrated in responders.Besides,responders’cytokine concentrations of EGF and CTLA-4 increased during treatment.The exosomal expression of fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation gene signatures were down-regulated among responders.Collectively,PD-1 inhibitor showed certain activity on high-risk pulmonary GGO lesions without safety concerns.Such effects were associated with specific T-cell re-distribution,EGF/CTLA-4 cytokine compensation,and regulation of metabolism pathways.
基金China National Science Foundation(No.81871893)Key Project of Guangzhou Scientific Research Project(No.201804020030)
文摘To the Editor:Over the past few years,the number of cancer survivors has continued to increase,primarily driven by the growing and aging population and the improvements in cancer detection and treatment.More than 16.9 million Americans with prior cancers were alive on January 1,2019,and the number of cancer survivors was estimated to reach>22.1 million by January 1,2030.[1]The lifetime risk of individual second primary cancer(SPC)has been confirmed when confronted with such a large amount of cancer survivors.[2]Definition of specific site is shown in supplementary material,http://links.lww.com/CM9/B616.
文摘Background:Respiratory cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,but its statistics vary between the East and West.This study aimed to estimate the burdens of tracheal,bronchus,and lung(TBL)cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019 in Asia,and at regional and national levels.Methods:This research evaluated the incidence,mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for respiratory tract cancers using the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2019 database.Age-standardized rates were calculated for TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019,adjusted for smoking and socio-demographic index(SDI).Deaths from TBL cancer and larynx cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated for 33 Asian countries.Results:The age-standardized incidence and death rates for TBL cancer in Asia declined from 2010 to 2019,while the incidence rate of larynx cancer increased.Smoking was the leading specific risk factor for deaths from both TBL and larynx cancers.The burden of TBL cancer in Asian countries was influenced by SDI and smoking,particularly among males in Central Asia.Deaths,DALYs,and incidences of larynx cancer in East Asia had not changed significantly over the past 30 years,but showed slight downward trends in males and both sexes combined,and an upward trend in females in recent years.Conclusions:The past decade saw increases in numbers of incident cases and deaths from TBL cancer and larynx cancer in Asia.SDI and smoking were the main factors influencing the disease burden of TBL cancer in Asian countries.This study highlights the need for tailored cancer control programs to address the burden of respiratory tract cancers in different Asian countries.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81500783Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Grant/Award Number:6848901。
文摘Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the Chinese Version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire(TPFQ).Methods:One hundred and sixteen patients who had been suffering from tinnitus for over 3 months were included in this study.Those tinnitus patients were administered the TPFQ,the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI),the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI),the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Additionally,the magnitude estimate of tinnitus loudness,pure tone audiogram,and tinnitus matching was obtained.The factor structure was measured using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test.The internal consistency was examined using Cronbach'sαcoefficient.The relationships between the TPFQ scores and other measurements were compared using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results:The Cronbach'sαof the 20-item version of TPFQ was 0.94,and that of the 12-item version of TPFQ was 0.92.Both the 20-and 12-item versions of TPFQ were significantly correlated with magnitude estimation of tinnitus loudness,THI,PSQI,BDI,and BAI.The average pure tone hearing threshold was significantly correlated with the hearing subscale.Conclusion:The 20-and 12-item Chinese versions of TPFQ are reliable and valid measures of tinnitus.The TPFQ can be applied to the assessment and management of tinnitus among the Chinese-speaking population.
基金supported by the following funding:The grant 2016YFC0905400 from the National Key R&D Program of ChinaChina National Science Foundation(Grant No.81871893&No.81501996)+2 种基金Key Project of Guangzhou Scientific Research Project(Grant No.201804020030)High-level university construction project of Guangzhou medical university(Grant No.20182737,201721007,201715907,2017160107)National key R&D Program(Grant No.2017YFC0907903&2017YFC0112704).
文摘Dear Editor,In recent years,the incidence of multifocal lung cancer is increasing,called multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC).Synchronous MPLC(sMPLC)is defined by multiple malignant lesions occurring at the same time.1 In clinical practice,it was always extremely difficult to remove all lesions simultaneously for sMPLC patients.However,unresected GGO lesions after primary surgery frequently caught the risk of progression.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1860205,51541409)Innovation Team Cultivation Funding Project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(2018TDX08)。
文摘Pitting corrosion behavior of Ce treated HSLA steels induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization and immersion corrosion test.The results show that Ce added steels exhibit better pitting corrosion resistance with lower corrosion current density and bigger pitting potential compared with steel without Ce,which is mainly attributed to optimized characteristics of spherical Ce-oxysulfide inclusions with less number density,smaller average size and lower pitting corrosion susceptibility.The spherical Ce_(2)O_(2) S inclusions precipitated on the surface of CeAlO_(3) inclusions in the Ce added steels induce pits with bigger opening mouth and shallow depth,reducing their tendency of extension to go deeper due to occlusion corrosion battery in the pitting holes.Furthermore,corrosion inhibitor Ce(OH)_(3) generated by Ce_(2)O_(2) S hydration can weaken electrochemical corrosion of the matrix micro-region around the pits.To avoid harmful bigger inclusions,Ce content in steels should be regulated within reasonable range,0.015 wt% Ce in present steels effectively modified inclusions to acquire the best pitting corrosion resistance of the steels.
