2009—2022年甘肃省永靖县智慧矿山生态质量时空变化及影响因素

[目的]矿山开采促进地方经济的同时,也深刻影响着其周边的生态环境质量。基于多源长时序遥感数据,监测并定量评估矿山及周边区域的生态状况,为绿色矿山建设与可持续发展服务,也为矿山区域的生态恢复治理起积极的示范作用。[方法]以甘肃省永靖县智慧矿山及周边5km范围区域为研究区,基于矿山2009—2022年间5期Landsat系列卫星多光谱遥感影像,以及同期多幅高分系列卫星、Planet系列卫星等高分辨率遥感影像,监测识别矿区及其周边的重要地表变化和时间节点,并对该区域2009—2022年间生态质量时空分布格局、变化特征、影响因素等进行系统研究。[结果]①甘肃省永靖县智慧矿山矿区的生态质量2009—2019年呈现持续降低,2019年后保持平稳的变化态势,矿区对周边区域生态质量的影响程度较小。②在永靖县矿区遥感生态指数的时序分析中,绿度、热度指标相较干度与湿度指标变化更为显著。③对废弃矿坑进行回填、平地、修整边坡等土地复垦的前期工作,可显著提高该区域的遥感生态指数值。[结论]遥感生态指数可以较为客观地反映矿区生态质量的实际状态,废弃矿坑的土地复垦、矿区地表作业向地下作业的转变等行动,可以有效地解决矿区生态质量随着采矿时间推移持续下降的问题。

Study on the Layout of Urban Planning in Rapid Urbanization Areas under the Background of Air Pollution

China＇s urbanization has been over the medium-term process,which has made great achievements,but also triggered a huge problem of air pollution. Air pollution has become a big problem after the water pollution in China,and a serious threat to people＇s life and health. Under the background of ＂ the construction of beautiful China＂ and rapid urbanization,how to build a beautiful home has become the focus of attention. Taking Shenyang as an example,the author contrastively analyses the spatial distribution of the main air pollutants（ PM10,PM2. 5,and SO2） and the present situation of land use,and thus finds out the rules between pollutants distribution and land use. Then combining the urban planning scheme and the rules obtained above,reasonable suggestions are proposed for the scheme to improve the air quality,and reduce or avoid air pollution,and providing the basis for the construction of a piece of blue sky. The conclusions are as follows： 1 air pollutants concentration above Light Oil Gas Making Factory in south vice city of Shenyang reaches the peak value,and industrial point source is the main air pollutants emission source; 2 pollutants concentration above greenbelt is the lowest; 3 the overall spatial structure of urban planning can insulate the industrial agglomeration areas to some extent; greenbelt planning covers 40%- 50% of the area with high concentration of air pollutants,and it is suggested to achieve full coverage; traffic planning can achieve shunt most of the pollutants in many regions,but it can also expand the scope of pollutants in some certain regions,in such regions,it should reduce the road density.

保护性林地砍伐事件空间分布特征及风险评估研究

严守生态红线,保护森林资源,是构建生态文明,推动绿色发展的重要措施。及时掌握林地的变化,尽早发现林地的破坏行为,对森林资源保护和管理具有重要意义。目前对于林地砍伐等破坏行为的监测都是被动与事后的,如何主动地进行防范,对易发生砍伐的区域进行高频次全方位的监管,就需要探究林地砍伐区域的空间分布特征,评估和预测林地砍伐的风险。基于多源遥感变化检测和实地调查获取海南省保亭县公益林连续2 a林地砍伐的图斑,研究林地砍伐与人为活动和地形地貌的关系,进而评估林地砍伐风险,为地方林业部门开展更具针对性的巡查、监测和保护措施提供支持,加强林地监管的有效性,真正将林地砍伐等破坏行为遏制在萌芽阶段,严守生态红线,推动生态文明建设。