Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6*10 and the effectiveness of combined tamoxifen citrate and testosterone undecanoate treatment in infertile men with idiopathic oligozoospermia

Tamoxifen citrate, as the first line of treatment for infertile men with idiopathic oligozoospermia, was proposed by the World Health Organization （WHO）, and testosterone undecanoate has shown benefits in semen values. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of treatment with tamoxifen citrate and testosterone un- decanoate in infertile men with idiopathic oligozoospermia, and whether the results would be affected by polymor- phisms of CYP2D6＊10. A total of 230 infertile men and 147 controls were included in the study. Patients were treated with tamoxifen citrate and testosterone undecanoate. Sex hormone, sperm parameters, and incidence of spontaneous pregnancy were detected. There were no significant differences between the control and patient groups with respect to CYP2D6＊10 genotype frequencies （P〉0.05）. The follicle-stimulation hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, and testosterone （T） levels were raised, and sperm concentration and motility were increased at 3 months and became significant at 6 months, and they were higher in the wild-type allele （C/C） than in the heterozygous variant allele （C/T） or homozygous variant allele （T/T） subgroups （P〈0.05）. In addition, the percentage of normal morphology was raised at 6 months, and represented the highest percentage in the C/C subgroup （P〈0.05）. The incidence of spontaneous pregnancy in the C/C subgroup was higher than that in the C/T or T/T subgroups （P〈0.01）. This study showed that the CYP2D6＊10variant genotype demonstrated worse clinical effects in infertile men with idiopathic oligozoospermia.

Moderate Dose of Trolox Preventing the Deleterious Effects of Wi-Fi Radiation on Spermatozoa In vitro through Reduction of Oxidative Stress Damage

Background： The worsening of semen quality, due to the application of Wi-Fi, can be ameliorated by Vitamin E. This study aimed to demonstrate whether a moderate dose of trolox,a new Vitamin E,inhibits oxidative damage on sperms in vitro after exposure to Wi-Fi radiation. Methods： Each of the twenty qualified semen, gathered from June to October 2014 in eugenics clinic, was separated into four aliquots, including sham, Wi-Fi-exposed, Wi-Fi plus 5 mmol/L trolox, and Wi-Fi plus 10 mmol/L trolox groups. At 0 min, all baseline parameters of the 20 samples were measured in sequence. Reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were evaluated in the four aliquots at 45 and 90 min, as were sperm DNA fragments, sperm mitochondrial potential, relative amplification of sperm mitochondrial DNA, sperm vitality, and progressive and immotility sperm. The parameters were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey＇s posttest. Results： Among Wi-Fi plus 5 mmol/L trolox, Wi-Fi-exposed and Wi-Fi plus 10 mmol/L trolox groups, reactive oxygen species levels （45 min： 3.80 ± 0.41 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1. 7.50 ± 0.35 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1vs. 6.70 ± 0.47 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1P 〈 0.001; 90 min：5.40 ± 0.21 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1vs. 10.10 ± 0.31 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1. 7.00 ± 0.42 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1P 〈 0.001, respectively）, percentages of tail DNA （45 min： 16.8 ± 2.0% vs. 31.9 ± 2.5% vs. 61.3 ± 1.6%, P 〈 0.001; 90 min： 19.7 ± 1.5% vs. 73.7 ± 1.3% vs. 73.1 ± 1.1%, P 〈 0.001, respectively）, 8-hydroxy-2＇-deoxyguanosine （45 min： 51.89 ± 1.46 pg/ml vs. 104.89 ± 2.19 pg/ml vs. 106.11 ± 1.81 pg/ml , P = 0.012;90 min： 79.96 ± 1.73 pg/ml vs. 141.73 ± 2.90 pg/ml vs. 139.06 ± 2.79 pg/ml; P 〈 0.001）, and percentages of immotility sperm （45 min：27.7 ± 2.7% vs. 41.7 ± 2.2% vs. 41.7 ± 2.5%; 90 min： 29.9 ± 3.3% vs. 58.9 ± 4.0% vs. 63.1 ± 4.0%; all P 〈 0.001） were lowest, and glutathione peroxidase （45 min： 60.50 ± 1.54 U/ml vs. 37.09 ± 1.77 U/ml vs. 28.18 ± 1.06 U/ml; 90 min： 44.61 ± 1.23 U/ml vs. 16.86 ± 0.93 U/ml vs. 29.94 ± 1.56 U/ml; all P 〈 0.001）, percentages of head DNA （45 min： 83.2 ± 2.0% vs. 68.2 ± 2.5% vs. 38.8 ± 1.6%; 90 min： 80.3 ± 1.5% vs. 26.3 ± 1.3% vs. 26.9 ± 1.1%; all P 〈 0.001）, percentages of sperm vitality （45 min： 89.5 ± 1.6% vs. 70.7 ± 3.1% vs. 57.7 ± 2.4%;90 min： 80.8 ± 2.2% vs. 40.4 ± 4.0% vs. 34.7 ± 3.9%; all P 〈 0.001）, and progressive sperm （45 min： 69.3 ± 2.7% vs. 55.8 ± 2.2% vs. 55.4 ± 2.5%; 90 min： 67.2 ± 3.3% vs. 38.2 ± 4.0% vs. 33.9 ± 4.0%; all P 〈 0.001） were highest in Wi-Fi plus 5 mmol/L trolox group at 45 and 90 min, respectively. Other parameters were not affected, while the sham group maintained the baseline. Conclusion：This study found that 5 mmol/L trolox protected the Wi-Fi-exposed semen in vitro from the damage of electromagnetic radiation-induced oxidative stress.

Association between 5-HTTLPR and STin2 VNTR polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene and clinical response of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (dapoxetine) in lifelong premature ejaculation

To the Editor:Premature ejaculation(PE)is one of the commonplace male sexual dysfunctions affecting about 30%of men worldwide.PE can either be lifelong or acquired.Genetic polymorphisms situated on the SLC6A4 of humans encoding the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter(serotonin transporter)(5-HTT)also called the serotonin transporter(SERT),a significant controller of serotonergic neurotransmission,were related to the pathogenesis of PE.[1,2]Polymorphisms in SLC6A4 are associated with the incidence of lifelong premature ejaculation(LPR).The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)transporter gene-linked polymorphic region(5-HTTLPR)and serotonin transporter gene intron 2(STin2)polymorphism on lifelong PE(LPE)are controversial.We aimed to determine possible relationships between 5-HTTLPR and STin2 polymorphisms in the SERT gene and clinical response of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(dapoxetine)in LPE.