Microstructural evolution during aging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy

The development of microstructure during the aging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3A1 alloy in the 13 and （α＋β） solution-treated and quenched conditions was investigated. The results showed that the isothermal holding below 400℃ yielded homogeneously distributed, spherical ω-phase particles. Fine α aggregates are formed uniformly within 13 grains by nucleating at at particles or β/ω interfaces. At higher temperatures, thin martensite plates decomposed in water-quenched condition. The formation of ω phase was avoided and coarse coarse α-phase plates directly precipitated from the 13 matrix. The highest hardness values were found when the alloys were aged at 400℃ for 8 h. The significance of the observations was discussed in terms of the effect of aging on the precipitations and property.

Conversion of Au(Ⅲ)-polluted waste eggshell into functional CaO/Au nanocatalyst for biodiesel production

Developing an environmental-friendly and highly active catalyst in transesterification for biodiesel production is of great importance for a more economic biodisel process.Herein,we reported that waste eggshells were used to adsorb Au(Ⅲ) in water and convert the Au(Ⅲ)-polluted eggshells into the functional nanocatalyst-Ca O/Au for the transesterification reaction between soybean oil and methanol to the preparation of biodiesel.By coupling of Ca O and Au nanoparticles,Ca O/Au nanoparticles showed superior catalytic activity for the transesterification reaction between soybean oil and methanol.An optimum performance was observed over Ca O/Au nanocomposites in a methanol-oil molar ratio at 12:1with catalyst content of 1.0 wt% at 70°C for 3 h.Besides,the catalytic activity of Ca O/Au nanocatalyst was almost unchanged after recycling for 5 times and the yield of biodiesel still kept at 88.9%.The proof-of concept study provided us a sustainable method for utilization of waste eggshells to remedy the metal ions-polluted wastewater and the synthesis of functional nanocomposite for biodiesel production,show great potential application of waste eggshell in adsorption and catalytic reactions.

Microstructural Evolution of Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.35Si-0.7Nd Titanium Alloy with Carbon Additions

The effect of carbon addition on microstructural evolution was studied in a near-α titanium alloy （Ti-5.6Al- 4.8Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.35Si-0.7Nd）. It was found that flake and ribbon titanium carbides with a NaCl crystal structure formed in the as-cast alloys with carbon additions of over 0.17 wt pct. Flake carbide particles are the product of eutectic transformation and precipitate from the high-temperature β phase. The ribbon carbide particles are primary phases formed prior to the nucleation of any metallic phases. The as-cast alloys with carbide precipitation after heat-treatment at βt-30℃ followed by water quenching showed the spheroidization of α lamellae and partial dissolution of carbide particles. After annealing at βt＋15℃, carbide particles are mostly distributed at the grain boundary and spheroidized through mixed grain boundary plus bulk diffusions.

Growth Behavior of a Phase in Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1.OMo-0.35Si-0.7Nd Titanium Alloy

The thermal stability of the microstructure of a near-α titanium alloy after aging at 750℃ was investigated using optical microscope and transmission electron microscope as well as composition analysis. Aging treatment brings about significant coarsening of grain boundary α and α platelets within the colonies for martensitic microstructure. The observed changes are related to the growth steps or ledges of the interface and lamellar termination presented in the microstructure. The composition analysis of the coarsened α plate is consistent with the growth kinetics. The α Widmanstaetten plates were coarsened due to the movement of α /β interface for Widmanstaetten microstructure, and the phase boundaries of primary α（αp） phase directly moved into the transformed β for bimodal microstructure.

Finite Element Prediction of Residual Stress in Rhombic Dodecahedron Ti‑6Al‑4V Titanium Alloy Additively Manufactured by Electron Beam Melting

In this work,a three-dimensional nonlinear transient thermo-mechanically coupled finite element model(FEM)is established to investigate the variation in temperature and stress fields during electron beam melting(EBM)of rhombic dodecahedron Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The influence of the processing parameters on the temperature and residual stress evolutions was predicted and verified against existing literature data.The calculated results indicate that the interlayer cooling time has very little effect on both the temperature and stress evolutions,indicating that the interlayer cooling time can be set up as short as possible to reduce manufacturing time.It is presented that the residual stress of the intersection is higher than that of non-intersection.With increasing preheating temperature,the residual stress decreases continuously,which is about 20%–30%for every 50℃rise in temperature.The temperature and stress fields repeated every four layers with the complex periodic scanning strategy.Both x and y-component residual stresses are tensile stresses,while z-component stress is weak compressive or tensile stress in typical paths.It is proposed that the interlayer cooling is necessary to obtain a rhombic dodecahedron with low residual stress.These results can bring insights into the understanding of the residual stress during EBM.

Correction to:Effect of Extrusion Combination Types on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the AZ31/GW103K Bimetallic Composite Plates

In the original publication,the affliation citation number of the author Boyu Lin has been missed inadvertently in the author group.The afiliation should appear as Boyu Lin'.The original article has been corrected.

Finite element analysis of temperature and residual stress profiles of porous cubic Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by electron beam melting

The temperature and stress profiles of porous cubic Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy grids by additive manufacturing via electron beam melting(EBM)based on finite element(FE)method were investigated.Three-dimensional FE models were developed to simulate the single-layer and five-layer girds under annular and lateral scanning.The results showed that the molten pool temperature in five-layer girds was higher than that in single-layer grids owing to the larger mass and higher heat capacity.More energies accumulated by the longer scanning time for annular path than lateral path led to the higher temperature and steeper temperature gradient.The thermal stress drastically fluctuated during EBM process and the residual stress decreased with the increase of powder layer where the largest stress appeared at the first layer along the build direction.The stress under lateral scanning was slightly larger but relatively more homogeneous distribution than those under annular scanning.The stress distribution showed anisotropy and the maximum Von Mises stress occurred around the central node.The stress profiles were explained by the temperature fields and grids structure.

Longitudinal Compression Behavior of Functionally Graded Ti–6Al–4V Meshes

The compressive deformation behavior in the longitudinal direction of graded Ti–6Al–4V meshes fabricated by electron beam melting was investigated using experiments and finite element methods（FEM）.The results indicate that the overall strain along the longitudinal direction is the sum of the net strain carried by each uniform mesh constituent and the deformation behavior fits the Reuss model well. The layer thickness and the sectional area have no effect on the elastic modulus, whereas the strength increases with the sectional area due to the edge effect of each uniform mesh constituent. By optimizing3 D graded/gradient design, meshes with balanced superior properties, such as high strength, energy absorption and low elastic modulus, can be fabricated by electron beam melting.

Experimental and numerical investigations on fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 single lap four-bolted joints

The fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 single lap four-bolted joints was studied by high- frequency fatigue test and finite element （FE） methods. The fatigue test results showed that a better enhancement of fatigue life was achieved for the joints with highlocked bolts by employing the combinations of cold expansion, interference fit, and clamping force. The fractography revealed that fatigue cracks propagated tortuously; more fatigue micro-cliffs, tearing ridges, lamellar structure were observed, and fatigue striation spacing was simultaneously reduced. The evaluation of residual stress conducted by FE methods confirmed the experimental results and locations of fatigue crack initiation. The extension of fatigue lives can be attributed to the evolution of fatigue damage and effect of beneficial compressive residual stresses around the hole, resulting in the delay of crack initiation, crack deflection, and plasticityinduced crack closure.2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science ＆ Technology.

Effect of Extrusion Combination Types on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the AZ31/GW103K Bimetallic Composite Plates

The AZ31/GW103 K bimetallic composite plates were prepared by co-extrusion of different combination types(sandwich extrusion type and double semicircle extrusion type),and effects of different extrusion combination types on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bimetallic composite plates were systematically investigated.The results show that both the AZ31/GW103 K bimetallic composite plates prepared by different extrusion combination types have good metallurgical bonding,and changing the combination type does not affect the thickness of the interfacial transition layer of composite plates.Compared with the monolithic AZ31 and GW103 K extruded plates,co-extrusion can promote the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)of AZ31 and GW103 K components in composite plates,and double semicircular extrusion type has a better promotion effect on the DRX than sandwich extrusion type.In addition,the texture of AZ31 in both monolithic AZ31 and AZ31/GW103 K/AZ31(A/G/A)plates is a typical(0002)basal texture,while that in the AZ31/GW103 K(A/G)composite plate shifts to the tangent direction(TD)of extruded plate.Compared with the monolithic AZ31 extruded plate,both the yield strength and tensile strength of A/G and A/G/A bimetallic composite plates are significantly improved.The strength of A/G/A composite plate is higher than that of A/G composite plate,but its elongation is worse.Meanwhile,co-extrusion reduces the dislocation density of AZ31 and GW 103 K components in composite plates,and different extrusion combination types also affect the dislocation density.

Revealing the interface structure of{111}typeⅠtwin in Ti-Ni-Hf shape memory alloy composite

1.Introduction Ti-Ni-Hf high temperature shape memory alloys have attracted great interests of many researchers due to the higher transformation temperatures and relatively lower cost[1,2].However,the recoverable strain is about 3%,which is signifcantly lower than the theoretical value[3-5].The functional performances of shape memory alloys are closely related to the substructure of twinned martensite and the structure of intervariant interface.