We build a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling and aim at studying connections among the entropy production,free energy,and information flow.By utilizing concepts in stochastic thermodynamics and graph the...We build a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling and aim at studying connections among the entropy production,free energy,and information flow.By utilizing concepts in stochastic thermodynamics and graph theory analysis,Clausius and nonequilibrium free energy inequalities are built to interpret local second law of thermodynamics for subsystems.A fundamental set of cycle fluxes and affinities is identified to decompose two inequalities by using Schnakenberg's network theory.Results show that the thermodynamic irreversibility has energy-related and information-related contributions.A global cycle associated with the feedback-induced information flow would pump electrons against the bias voltage,which implements a Maxwell demon.展开更多
Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for...Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for various quantum thermodynamic processes have not been well characterized in literature. Here we show how the work in quantum machines is differentially related to the isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes. We prove that the energy exchanges during the quantum isochoric and isothermal processes are simply depending on the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions. However, for a time-dependent system in a non-adiabatic quantum evolution, the transitions between the different quantum states representing the quantum coherence can affect the essential thermodynamic properties, and thus the general definitions of the heat and work should be clarified with respect to the microscopic generic time-dependent system. By integrating the coherence effects in the exactly-solvable dynamics of quantum-spin precession, the internal energy is rigorously transferred as the work in the thermodynamic adiabatic process. The present study demonstrates that the quantum adiabatic process is sufficient but not necessary for the thermodynamic adiabatic process.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.11805159)the First Batch of National First-class Undergraduate Courses of China(2020)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2019J05003)Teaching Research Program of Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics in the Institution of Higher Education of China(2019).
文摘We build a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling and aim at studying connections among the entropy production,free energy,and information flow.By utilizing concepts in stochastic thermodynamics and graph theory analysis,Clausius and nonequilibrium free energy inequalities are built to interpret local second law of thermodynamics for subsystems.A fundamental set of cycle fluxes and affinities is identified to decompose two inequalities by using Schnakenberg's network theory.Results show that the thermodynamic irreversibility has energy-related and information-related contributions.A global cycle associated with the feedback-induced information flow would pump electrons against the bias voltage,which implements a Maxwell demon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11421063,11534002,and 51776178)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB922104 and 2014CB921403)
文摘Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for various quantum thermodynamic processes have not been well characterized in literature. Here we show how the work in quantum machines is differentially related to the isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes. We prove that the energy exchanges during the quantum isochoric and isothermal processes are simply depending on the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions. However, for a time-dependent system in a non-adiabatic quantum evolution, the transitions between the different quantum states representing the quantum coherence can affect the essential thermodynamic properties, and thus the general definitions of the heat and work should be clarified with respect to the microscopic generic time-dependent system. By integrating the coherence effects in the exactly-solvable dynamics of quantum-spin precession, the internal energy is rigorously transferred as the work in the thermodynamic adiabatic process. The present study demonstrates that the quantum adiabatic process is sufficient but not necessary for the thermodynamic adiabatic process.
